Detection of salicylate and its hydroxylated adduct 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid in glutamate neurotoxicity and the effects of verapamil and ryanodine in rats

It has been suggested that salicylate hydroxylation can be used to detect hydroxyl radical formation in vivo. In the present study we investigated the effects of verapamil and or ryanodine on salicylate (SA) and its hydroxylated adduct; 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) levels in glutamate induced neurotoxicity of whole rat brains. To detect SA and 2,3-DHBA, an HPLC-EC/UV method was used. Retention time was found to be 3.9 min for 2,3-DHBA and 12.0 min for SA. Verapamil at 10(-5) and 10(-7) and ryanodine at 10(-5) M concentrations were found to have a significant decreasing effect on this degradation induced by glutamate. This was the highest dose for ryanodine tested. As an L-type voltage dependent calcium channel blocker, verapamil was found ineffective at 10(-4), 10(-6) and 10(-8) M concentrations. Surprisingly, none of the combined application groups (verapamil + ryanodine) was found effective on SA hydroxylation. As a result, ryanodine was effective only at the highest dose, while verapamil exerts its effect in a dose dependent fashion as reported before in the literature.     

卡托普利和多巴胺对羟自由基致心肌损伤的保护作用

研究多巴胺（ＤＡ）与卡托普利（Ｃａｐ）合用对外源性羟自由基（·ＯＨ）灌注所致家兔心肌损伤的治疗效果．结果表明,ｉｖ·ＯＨ生成液后立即静滴ＤＡ１０μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１,３０ｍｉｎ,输注期间心肌收缩能力明显升高,但停药后逐渐恶化．血清脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量明显升高,心肌超微结构损伤．Ｃａｐ（给·ＯＨ前２ｍｉｎｉｖ２．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）及Ｃａｐ＋ＤＡ组则保持心功能指标和ＭＤＡ在正常范围,但单独Ｃａｐ组心肌收缩功能指标在开始１５ｍｉｎ有下降趋势．两组心肌细胞超微结构大致正常．结果提示,Ｃａｐ＋ＤＡ联合用药对·ＯＨ所致心功能降低的保护作用优于单独Ｃａｐ治疗,同时克服了单用ＤＡ加重心肌损伤的不足．     

10-羟基喜树碱腔内注射治疗恶性胸腹水

目的观察１０－羟基喜树碱腔内注射治疗恶性胸（腹）水的疗效。方法腔内灌注１０－羟基喜树碱治疗２７例恶性胸（腹）腔积液患者。结果ＣＲ９例,ＰＲ１３例,ＮＲ５例。有效率８１．５％（２２／２７）。此局部治疗耐受性好,无明显毒副反应。结论与其它胸（腹）水治疗方法比较,该方法具有疗效高、毒副反应低的特点。     

羟苄羟麻黄碱治疗先兆早产的疗效观察

目的探讨盐酸羟苄羟麻黄碱治疗先兆早产的疗效。方法将112例患者随机分为治疗组（55例）和对照组（57例）,治疗组给予羟苄羟麻黄碱,对照组给予硫酸镁。观察两组有效抑制宫缩的显效时间、延长孕期、累积用药时间及药物的副反应。并在用药过程中观察用药反应。结果治疗组与对照组比较：宫缩抑制显效时间（2．43±0．39）hvs（6．15±0．87）h、累积用药时间（8．10±1．14）dvs．（13．06±3．46）d、延长孕期时间（25．71±5．24）dvs（15．32±4．10）d、早产发生率[10．91（6／55）vs33．33（19／57）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论合理使用盐酸羟苄羟麻黄碱可以延长孕妇妊娠周数．提高早产儿存活率及生存质量。     

木鳖子提取液抗氧化活性的分析

 目的 用高效液相色谱法（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC法）测定木鳖子提取液的抗氧化活性。方法 苯甲酸与Co²⁺催化过氧化氢产生的羟基自由基反应,生成多种羟基化物,HPLC法测定加入木鳖子提取液前后苯甲酸改变量,从而间接测定木鳖子提取液对羟基自由基的抗氧化活性。色谱柱：ODS-100 C18（5 μm,150 mm×4.6 mm）;流动相：甲醇-乙酸铵水溶液（0.02 mol/L,5：95）;检测波长：230 nm;柱温：25℃;流速：1.0 mL/min。结果 苯甲酸的线性范围为0.08~1.6 μg（r=0.999 7）,RSD<0.96%（n=6）。结论 木鳖子提取液有一定的抗氧化活性。     

Cardioprotective effects of saponins from Panax japonicus on acute myocardial ischemia against oxidative stress-triggered damage and cardiac cell death in rats

Aim

To study the cardioprotective effects of saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ) on acute myocardial ischemia injury rats induced by ligating of the left anterior descending branch (LAD), on the basis of this investigation, the possible mechanism of SPJ was elucidated.

Materials and methods

SPJ was identified by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200–220 g) were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated, LAD, LAD + l-SPJ (SPJ, 50 mg/kg/day, orally) and LAD + h-SPJ (SPJ, 100 mg/kg/day, orally). Before operation, the foregoing groups were pretreated with homologous drug once a day for 7 days, respectively. After twelve hours in LAD, the cardioprotective effects of SPJ were evaluated by infarct size, biochemical values, hemodynamic, and histopathological observations and the antioxidative and antiapoptotic relative gene expressions.

Results

SPJ significantly improved heart function and decreased infarct size; remarkably decreased levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, xanthine oxide and malondialdehyde content, increased contents of serum total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, catalase; quantitative real-time PCR results showed that SPJ might markedly reverse the down-regulated mRNA expressions of the SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3, ameliorate the increased Bax and caspase-3 mRNA expressions and decreased Bcl-2 mRNA expression and ratios of Bcl-2 to Bax. Histopathological observations provided supportive evidence for biochemical analyses, and with the dose of SPJ increasing, the aforesaid improvement became more and more strong.

Conclusions

The studies demonstrated that in ischemic myocardium, oxidative stress caused the overgeneration and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was central of cardiac ischemic injury. SPJ exerted beneficially cardioprotective effects on myocardial ischemia injury rats, mainly scavenging oxidative stress-triggered overgeneration and accumulation of ROS, alleviating myocardial ischemia injury and cardiac cell death.     

硒对大鼠肝脏超氧阴离子和羟自由基的作用

目的 研究离体和在体染毒条件下亚硒酸钠对大鼠肝组织超氧阴离子(^*O2^-)和羟自由基(^*OH)生成的影响。方法 选用雄性Wistar大鼠。体外实验时，制备肝匀浆，在反应体系中加入亚硒酸钠使剂量分别达到2．185，8．750和35．000μmol／L。采用常规方法测定^*O2^-和^*OH。体内实验时，用0．75，1．50和3．00mg／kg的亚硒酸钠，腹腔注射染毒。采用电子自旋共振测定^*O2^ 和^*OH。结果 在体外染毒时，2．185μmol／L的亚硒酸钠对大鼠肝组织产生抗氧化应激作用，使过氧化脂质(MDA)、^*O2^ 和^*OH的生成量明显下降，但8．750和35．000μmol／L的亚硒酸钠则诱导大鼠肝组织产生明显的氧化应激，使^*O2^ 和^*OH的生成量显著升高。在体内染毒时，0．75，1．50和3．00mg／kg的亚硒酸钠均可引起大鼠肝组织^*O2^-和^*OH的产生量显著增加。结论 适宜剂量的亚硒酸钠抑制自由基生成。具有抗氧化作用，而较高剂量的亚硒酸钠则使自由基生成增多，导致明显的氧化应激。     

大鼠黄体萎缩时期黄体细胞中羟自由基的变化研究

本实验以PMSG和hCG处理后黄体细胞萎缩时期大鼠为实验材料，研究黄体萎缩时期黄体细胞羟自由基变化，经HPLC测定hCG注射后7－11天（黄体期）细胞羟自由基含量处于平稳的水平［（0．423±0．08）InM－（0．518±0．117）nM］，而在萎缩期间黄体细胞羟自由基含量明显升高［（0。627±0。098）nM-（0．571±0．18）nM］，从而在一定方面揭示了黄体萎缩时其体细胞生物学性状的改变，为进一步研究黄体萎缩机制提供了线索．