不同强度有氧运动对糖尿病大鼠血糖及心肌氧自由基的影响

目的探讨不同强度有氧运动对糖尿病大鼠血糖及心肌氧自由基的影响。方法通过高脂饮食饲喂及腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型40只,随机分为模型组、低强度运动组、中强度运动组、高强度运动组,每组各10只。3个运动组分别给予10 m/min(相当于30%VO2MAX)、15 m/min(相当于50%VO2MAX)、20 m/min(相当于70%VO2MAX)跑台运动,每天运动1小时,每周运动6天,连续6周。随后尾静脉取血,检测空腹血糖(FBG)、血清胰岛素(FINS)、计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);取大鼠心脏,检测心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、总一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平。结果与造模前比较,各组大鼠注射STZ后FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均升高(P均0.05)。运动治疗6周后,与模型组比较,低强度运动组、中强度运动组、高强度运动组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR下降(P均0.05);与低、中强度运动组比较,高强度运动组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均升高(P均0.05)。运动治疗6周后,各运动组大鼠较模型组MDA和NO水平、NOS活性降低(P0.01),SOD活性升高(P0.05),与低、中强度运动组相比,高强度运动组MDA和NO水平、NOS活性升高(P0.05),SOD活性降低(P0.05)。结论低、中、高强度运动能够有效控制糖尿病大鼠血糖,并使MDA、NO、NOS水平降低,SOD活性升高,对治疗糖尿病心肌病发挥一定作用。     

Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Mechanical Complications in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the temporal trends and outcomes of mechanical complications after myocardial infarction in the contemporary era.BackgroundData regarding temporal trends and outcomes of mechanical complications after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are limited in the contemporary era.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample database (2003 to September 2015) was queried to identify all STEMI and NSTEMI hospitalizations. Temporal trends and outcomes of mechanical complications after STEMI and NSTEMI, including papillary muscle rupture, ventricular septal defect, and free wall rupture, were described.ResultsThe analysis included 3,951,861 STEMI and 5,114,270 NSTEMI hospitalizations. Mechanical complications occurred in 10,726 of STEMI hospitalizations (0.27%) and 3,041 of NSTEMI hospitalizations (0.06%), with no changes in trends (p = 0.13 and p = 0.83, respectively). The rates of in-hospital mortality in patients with mechanical complications were 42.4% after STEMI and 18.0% after NSTEMI, with no significant trend changes (p = 0.62 and p = 0.12, respectively). After multivariate adjustment, patients who had mechanical complications after myocardial infarction had higher in-hospital mortality, cardiogenic shock, acute kidney injury, hemodialysis, and respiratory complications compared with those without mechanical complications. Predictors of lower mortality in patients with mechanical complications who developed cardiogenic shock included surgical repair in the STEMI and NSTEMI cohorts and percutaneous coronary intervention in the STEMI cohort.ConclusionsContemporary data from a large national database show that the rates of mechanical complications are low in patients presenting with STEMI and NSTEMI. Post–myocardial infarction mechanical complications continue to be associated with high mortality rates, which did not improve during the study period.     

Non-targeted metabolomic biomarkers and metabotypes of type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study of PREDIMED trial participants

Aim

To characterize the urinary metabolomic fingerprint and multi-metabolite signature associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and to classify the population into metabotypes related to T2D.

Organometallic‐Mediated Radical Polymerization: Developing Well‐Defined Complexes for Reversible Transition Metal‐Alkyl Bond Homolysis

Organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization (OMRP) has emerged as a powerful new class of living controlled radical polymerization. In order to fulfill its potential in the polymerization of vinyl acetate (VOAc) and other challenging monomers, the effects of ancillary ligands on the metal‐alkyl bond dissociation energy in OMRP reagents must be thoroughly explored. Recent results investigating structure‐activity relationships in well‐defined cobalt, iron and chromium complexes will be discussed. The involvement of radical intermediates in oxidative addition of secondary alkyls for catalytic cross‐coupling reactions catalyzed by first row transition metals will also be examined for relevant design concepts.

     

九项呼吸道联检试剂对多种呼吸道感染病原体检测的临床意义

目的 为临床提供一种快速诊断呼吸道感染病原体的方法.方法 对1318例呼吸道感染患者的血清标本应用九项呼吸道联检试剂(间接免疫荧光法)同时检测九项主要病原体的IgM抗体,包括嗜肺军团菌(LP)、肺炎支原体(MP)、Q热立克次体(COX)、肺炎衣原体(CP)、腺病毒(ADV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、甲型流感病毒(IFA)、乙型流感病毒(IFB)和副流感病毒1、2和3型(PIVS).结果 非典型病原体感染率为33.3％(439/1318),其中以肺炎支原体最为多见,其次为呼吸道合胞病毒,流感病毒B、A次之;混合感染率达15.7％(207/1318);感染人群以儿童多见.结论 九项呼吸道联检试剂(间接免疫荧光法)检测快速、操作简便、准确性高,检测范围广、利于早期发现,费用不高,适合各大医院推广应用.     

Ammonium accumulation and chemokine decrease in culture media of Gcdh−/− 3D reaggregated brain cell cultures

Glutaric Aciduria type I (GA-I) is caused by mutations in the GCDH gene. Its deficiency results in accumulation of the key metabolites glutaric acid (GA) and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA) in body tissues and fluids. Present knowledge on the neuropathogenesis of GA-I suggests that GA and 3-OHGA have toxic properties on the developing brain.We analyzed morphological and biochemical features of 3D brain cell aggregates issued from Gcdh^?/? mice at two different developmental stages, day-in-vitro (DIV) 8 and 14, corresponding to the neonatal period and early childhood. We also induced a metabolic stress by exposing the aggregates to 10 mM l-lysine (Lys).Significant amounts of GA and 3-OHGA were detected in Gcdh^?/? aggregates and their culture media. Ammonium was significantly increased in culture media of Gcdh^?/? aggregates at the early developmental stage. Concentrations of GA, 3-OHGA and ammonium increased significantly after exposure to Lys. Gcdh^?/? aggregates manifested morphological alterations of all brain cell types at DIV 8 while at DIV 14 they were only visible after exposure to Lys. Several chemokine levels were significantly decreased in culture media of Gcdh^?/? aggregates at DIV 14 and after exposure to Lys at DIV 8.This new in vitro model for brain damage in GA-I mimics well in vivo conditions. As seen previously in WT aggregates exposed to 3-OHGA, we confirmed a significant ammonium production by immature Gcdh^?/? brain cells. We described for the first time a decrease of chemokines in Gcdh^?/? culture media which might contribute to brain cell injury in GA-I.     

基于MRI活性骨髓勾画的非共面调强放疗在宫颈癌骨髓保护方面的剂量学优势

目的:探讨MRI指导下非共面野调强放疗（NC-IMRT）在宫颈癌骨髓保护方面的剂量学特点和优势。方法:选取20例宫颈癌术前放疗患者,根据MRI图像勾画骨盆有效造血活性骨髓,分别制定9野的共面野调强（IMRT）计划和NC-IMRT计划（其中NC-IMRT计划包括7个共面野和2个非共面野）。两组计划均采用相同的靶区上下界、危及器官限值和权重因子及计算网格,归一条件均为95%的计划靶区（PTV）接受到处方剂量。对比分析两类计划中靶区和危及器官的剂量学参数差异:受照剂量、体积、适形度指数和均匀性指数。结果:在定位CT上勾画的全骨盆体积为（600.32±6.88） cm3,MRI勾画的活性骨髓体积为（219.38±9.73） cm3,后者较前者减少了63.4%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。NC-IMRT组PTV的适形度指数优于IMRT组。NC-IMRT组有效减少骨盆活性骨髓的低剂量辐射区V10、V20和高剂量辐射区V40、V50,左侧股骨头的Dmean、V10、V20、V30、V40和右侧股骨头Dmean、Dmax、V10、V20,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组直肠、小肠的受照剂量无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论:在保证临床靶区剂量的情况下,与IMRT相比,基于MRI活性骨髓勾画的NC-IMRT能更好地保护骨盆活性骨髓。     

Relationship between responsiveness of cancer cells to Oncostatin M and/or IL-6 and survival of stage III melanoma patients treated with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes

Immunotherapy by adoptive transfer of autologous tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) shows promising clinical results for stage III (lymph nodes metastasis) melanoma patients, but some of them remain unresponsive. Here we analysed retrospectively the impact of resistance of melanoma cells to anti-proliferative cytokines on the clinical outcome of 24 TIL-treated metastatic melanoma patients. Patient relapse-free survival correlated significantly with Oncostatin M (OSM) and/or IL-6 sensitivity of melanoma cells, but not with interferon (IFN) gamma or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha sensitivity. However, OSM/IL-6 sensitivity did not correlate with other known prognostic factors. Moreover, OSM and IL-6 were produced by TIL just before their injection to patients. In immunodeficient mice, OSM reduced human melanoma xenograft tumour growth, this effect being directly through inhibition of tumour cell proliferation rather than induction of apoptosis or necrosis. Thus, OSM/IL-6 resistance of melanoma cells appears to be a new escape mechanism to TIL treatment that could be added to the existing prognostic factors for early stage melanoma patients. This mechanism of action could be also relevant in other immunotherapy protocols, and could lead to better prognosis and anti-cancer treatments.     

矽尘致肺泡巨噬细胞氧化损伤的超微结构和细胞化学研究

目的：探讨矽尘致肺泡巨噬细胞损伤过程中是否存在着氧化损伤机制。方法：对矽尘作用于肺泡巨噬细胞产生的Ｏ＾－２和Ｈ２Ｏ２进行原位显示、定量测定并做相关分析;以ＡＴＰａｓｅ作为膜功能酶改变的反映;在亚细胞水平观察细胞形态结构。结果：细胞形态结构受损程度、膜ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性与矽尘肺泡巨噬细胞早期产生的氧自由基活性直接相关。结论：（１）首次将原位显示氧自由基技术应用于矽尘致肺泡巨噬细胞损伤机制研究,发现氧