46例脊髓损伤患者并发肾积水的疗效分析

目的 探讨脊髓损伤并发肾积水的最佳治疗途径。方法 46例患者分别采用留置尿管、间歇导尿和药物疗法、综合方法进行治疗,观察肾积水缓解所需的治疗时间和复发情况。结果 3种治疗方法所需的治疗时间无差异;逼尿肌反射亢进合并括约肌痉挛（DSD）的复发率（85．7％）高于逼尿肌的反射亢进者（35％）和低下者（25％）。结论 建议首选间歇导管和药物疗法治疗轻、中度肾积水,以避免长期留置尿管的并发症;SCI并发肾积水隐匿且易复发,早期B超检查有助于尽早发现肾积水;早期治疗预后较佳;尿流动力学检查结果对SCI肾积水的处理有指导意义。     

小儿经腹肠系膜间隙入路腹腔镜下肾盂成形术的疗效观察

目的 总结经腹肠系膜间隙入路行腹腔镜下肾盂成形术的临床经验,探讨该术式治疗小儿左侧肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄导致肾盂积水的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2014年5月-2020年5月该院18例采取经腹肠系膜间隙入路行腹腔镜下肾盂成形术患儿的临床资料.其中,男10例,女8例,年龄3～14岁,平均(5.7±2.9)岁,均为左侧.均采用经...     

Can Bedside Ultrasound Assist in Determining Whether Serum Creatinine is Elevated in Cases of Acute Urinary Retention?

Background: There are no guidelines to determine which patients with acute urinary retention (AUR) require blood testing (i.e., serum creatinine) to assess for renal failure. Objective: To determine if hydronephrosis on bedside ultrasound correlates with an abnormal serum creatinine (Cr) level in cases of AUR. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of subjects clinically diagnosed with AUR at two associated urban academic centers from October 2004 through August 2006. Emergency physicians completed a data form and performed a bedside ultrasound to determine the presence or absence of hydronephrosis. The data collected included suspected cause of AUR, amount of urinary output after Foley insertion, and blood test results. Follow-up was obtained by telephone and electronic medical record for 1 month. Standard statistics were employed. Results: Among 96 enrolled subjects with AUR, 43 had a serum Cr level obtained on the initial visit, and 10 (23%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 11–36) of these had an elevated Cr (10% [95% CI 4–16] of the study cohort). The test characteristics of hydronephrosis on bedside ultrasound to detect elevation in Cr were a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 70%, 67%, 39%, and 88%, respectively. Conclusion: In cases of AUR, the prevalence of elevated creatinine is high, and hydronephrosis based on bedside ultrasonography does not correlate with elevation in creatinine.     

肾积水程度和肿瘤直径作为输尿管移行细胞癌术前预测因素分析

目的:评估输尿管移行细胞癌中肾积水程度与肿瘤直径的术前预测价值。 方法:总结 312名行肾输尿管切除术的输尿管移行细胞癌患者的临床资料,分析其肾积水程度和肿瘤直径与T(TNM)分期的相关性及肾积水程度与肿瘤直径对预后的影响。结果:肾积水程度为0级的患者有33人,1～2级108人,3～4级171人。CT扫描横断面测量肿瘤直径＜1.5 cm的患者120人,≥1.5 cm且＜2.5 cm者111人,≥2.5 cm者81人。在肾积水3～4级的171名患者中,浸润性肿瘤患者147人（86.0%）。在肿瘤直径≥1.5 cm的192名患者中,浸润性肿瘤患者153人（79.7%）。肾积水程度与肿瘤直径与T分期具有相关性（P＜0.001）。肾积水程度和肿瘤直径影响输尿管癌的疾病特定生存率,具有显著意义（分别为P=0.009,P=0.001）。结论:输尿管癌患者肾积水程度和肿瘤直径与T分期具有相关性,并且影响预后。对有严重肾积水或肿瘤直径较大的患者应该积极手术治疗。     

Smooth muscle myopathy as an underrecognized manifestation of active systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with protean manifestations. We here present a case of unexplained diarrhoea and abdominal pain in a patient with SLE. Investigations revealed dilatation of stomach, small bowel and colonic wall, biliary and pancreatic ducts, renal collecting systems and ureters as well as thoracic aorta and major pulmonary arteries, as manifestations of a smooth muscle myopathy that was responsive to immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A.     

体外碎石联合排石汤与特拉唑嗪治疗输尿管结石并肾积水286例

目的：观察体外碎石联合排石汤与特拉唑嗪治疗输尿管结石并肾积水的临床疗效。方法：选取符合病例入选标准的286例输尿管结石并肾积水患者,患者仰卧位或俯卧位于碎石台上,B超定位观察碎石情况,碎石机电压为12～14 kV,总冲击量为1 000～3 000次。碎石后服用排石汤,1剂/d;特拉唑嗪,首次剂量1 mg,睡前口服,逐步增加至5 mg的维持剂量。结果：治愈272例,占95.10%;好转11例,占3.85%;无效3例,占1.05%。均未出现明显的不良反应,仅有11例患者出现轻微血尿。结论：体外碎石联合排石汤与特拉唑嗪治疗输尿管结石并肾积水临床疗效好,副反应小。     

胎儿肾积水及预后的临床研究

【目的】 探讨胎儿肾积水的产前诊断及不同积水程度的转归,为临床干预提供帮助。 【方法】 在孕中晚期超声检查发现的疑似病例中,选择肾盂前后径分离值≥7 mm的胎儿72例(91侧),测量肾盂分离前后径及肾皮质厚度,按肾盂扩张前后径(<10 mm,10~15 mm,>15 mm)分为轻、中、重度3组,3组均进行产前产后随访。 【结果】 41例(48侧)轻度肾积水胎儿,随访过程中有42侧肾积水消失,4侧肾积水减轻或未变化,2侧肾积水加重,于后期行手术治疗。19例(26侧)中度肾积水胎儿,随访过程中有15侧肾积水消失,2侧肾积水减轻, 9侧肾积水加重。其中肾皮质厚度在5 mm以下的8侧肾,有4例积水程度加重,于后期行手术治疗。12例(17侧)重度肾积水胎儿2侧肾积水未变化,15侧肾积水加重。其中肾皮质厚度在5 mm以下的11侧肾,有3例积水程度加重,于后期行手术治疗。 【结论】 胎儿肾盂扩张<15 mm且肾皮质厚度＞5 mm多数是生理性过程,肾盂扩张＞15 mm且肾皮质厚度<5 mm应加强随访,如肾盂扩张无进行性增宽多提示预后良好,如分离程度大且持续存在甚至加重,多提示预后不良,需密切观察或手术治疗。