Comparison of epidural pain treatment with sufentanil-ropivacaine infusion with and without epinephrine in children

BACKGROUND: Epidural analgesia provides outstanding pain relief after surgery, but it is also associated with numerous adverse effects. In order to improve postoperative pain management in children we determined whether the use of epinephrine added to epidural sufentanil-ropivacaine infusion reduced drug requirements, the intensity and duration of postoperative pain and the incidence and severity of adverse effects. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double blind, parallel group study design was used in 61 children. The children were given continuous epidural sufentanil-ropivacaine infusion either with (n=32) or without (n=29) epinephrine for postoperative analgesia. Intravenous ketoprofen, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug, was used for all children, and epidural ropivacaine was used for rescue analgesia. The drug consumption, intensity of pain at rest and during activity, and all adverse effects were recorded. RESULTS: : The need for sufentanil (P=0.001) and ropivacaine (P=0.006) was significantly lower in the with-epinephrine group than in the without-epinephrine group. The mean duration of epidural infusion (62 h) was similar in both groups. Four children in the without-epinephrine group were noticed to have a low oxygen saturation (SpO2<90%), and in one child a low respiratory rate (8 breaths min-1). The incidence of pruritus was higher in the without-epinephrine group (P=0.026). CONCLUSION: Both infusions provided effective pain relief, and epinephrine as an adjuvant to continuous epidural sufentanil-ropivacaine infusion seems to be useful in children.     

舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于术后硬膜外病人自控镇痛

目的观察舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于上腹部手术后硬膜外病人白控镇痛（PCEA）的效应。方法选择40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级在硬膜外复合全麻下行上腹部手术病人，随机均分为S、F两组。术后采用硬膜外镇痛模式为负荷量（5mL）＋持续剂量（2mL／h）＋PCA剂量（0．5mL），锁定时间15min。S组镇痛药为0．25％罗哌卡因＋舒芬太尼（0．5μg／mL）；F组镇痛药为0．25％罗哌卡因＋芬太尼（5μg／mL）。观察并记录术后3、6、12、24h视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Ramsay镇静评分和BCS舒适评分及恶心、呕吐、眩晕等不良反应发生情况。结果两组各相同时段VAS／BCS评分基本相似（P〉0．05）。两组不良反应发生率无明显差异，两组病人生命体征稳定。结论舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因PCEA用于上腹部手术后安全有效。     

可行走式分娩镇痛对胎儿血氧饱和度的影响

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of ambulatory labor analgesia on fetal oxygen saturation during labor. METHODS: Sixty parturients with uncomplicated term pregnancies were equally divided, according to their personal preference, into ambulatory analgesia group receiving combined spinal-epidural labor analgesia and control group without analgesia administration. All the parturients with ambulatory labor analgesia received sufentanil and ropivacaine administration. Fetal oxygen saturation was monitored continuously during the labor by recording the values every 5 minutes and the mean value was calculated. Umbilical blood was analyzed after fetal delivery and the pH, base excess (BE) value were recorded. RESULTS: In the analgesia group and the control group, the mean values of fetal oxygen saturation was (51.92+/-5.90)% and (50.77+/-6.47)%, respectively, during the first labor stage (P=0.48), and was (44.85+/-6.27)% and (43.12+/-7.34)% during the second labor stage (P=0.32), and the lowest values during the labor was (41.63+/-7.51)% and (40.96+/-7.48)%, respectively (P=0.73), showing no significant differences in the three values between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Ambulatory labor analgesia does not significantly affect fetal oxygen saturation during the entire course of labor.     

小儿术后罗比卡因自控硬膜外镇痛效果观察

目的:观察低浓度罗比卡因复合小剂量芬太尼、咪唑安定、地塞米松及昂丹司琼用于小儿术后自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)的效果。方法:择期行尿道成形术的患儿44例随机平均分成A组(镇痛液组成:1g/L罗比卡因+芬太尼0.001g/L+咪唑安定0.07mg/kg+地塞米松5mg+昂丹司琼4mg)和B组(镇痛液不加咪唑安定)。观察2组镇痛镇静效果;监测循环、呼吸、血氧饱和度;记录下肢运动评分,胃肠功能恢复时间,总PCEA次数及不良反应发生情况。结果:2组镇痛效果均良好,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);镇静效果各时点A组均优于B组(P<0.001);总PCEA次数A组明显少于B组(P<0.001)。2组循环、呼吸、血氧饱和度均正常,手术前后变化组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组胃肠功能恢复时间及Bromage评分无差异。结论:小儿术后低浓度罗比卡因复合液PCEA,镇痛效果好,不良反应发生率低。镇痛液加用咪唑安定效果更佳。     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术腰硬联合阻滞麻醉的临床观察

目的 评价甲磺酸罗哌卡因在剖宫产术腰硬联合阻滞麻醉（CSEA）中的效应性和安全性。方法 150例剖宫产病人，随机双盲法分为3组（每组50例），用0．894％甲磺酸罗哌卡因（A组），0．75％盐酸罗哌卡因（B组）或0．75％盐酸布比卡因（C组）1．5ml分别加10％葡萄糖注射液1ml配成重比重液体，择L2-3行CSEA。结果 三组患者感觉阻滞起效，最大感觉、运动阻滞平面，麻醉质量，肌松效果，新生儿评分等方面无显著性差异。A、B组比C组运动阻滞起效，达到最大阻滞平面时间长，消退快，血压和心率影响小，恶心呕吐少。三组均未发现明显神经系统并发症。结论 甲磺酸罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术CSEA是安全的，并能达到较完善的麻醉效果。0．894％甲磺酸罗哌卡因和0．75％盐酸罗哌卡因用于CSEA的效应基本相同且无明显毒性。     

新型局麻药罗哌卡因在上肢手术中的应用

目的:比较罗哌卡因和布比卡因在上肢手术中应用效果.方法:ASAI-Ⅱ级前臂手术病人40例,随机分成A、B两组,每组20例.A组用0.25%罗哌卡因和1.33%利多卡因混合液30ml行臂丛阻滞,B组用0.25%布比卡因和1.33%利多卡因混合液30ml行臂丛阻滞.结果:麻醉起效时间A组较B组短.镇痛两组无显著性差异.心率增快、血压升高B组高于A组.结论:罗哌卡因比布比卡因更适用于上肢手术.     

Cesarean section under epidural ropivacaine 0.75% in a parturient with severe pulmonary hypertension

Pregnancy and delivery are a potentially lethal combination in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension. There are controversies regarding mode of delivery. Cesarean section is considered to be associated with extensive perioperative risks. We report on a parturient with severe pulmonary hypertension who underwent a succesful semiemergent cesarean section on vital indication. Vaginal delivery was excluded since her cervix was too immature for succesful induction. This is the first reported case of its kind to receive an epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine with its potential advantage of a low cardiac toxicity. The epidural was slowly and carefully titrated to give a stable anesthesia with good quality.     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因复合芬太尼用于开胸术后PCEA的对比观察

目的该文比较低浓度罗哌卡因与布比卡因用于PCEA对开胸手术病人的镇痛效果、副作用等方面的异同.方法40例ASA Ⅰ,Ⅱ级开胸手术病人,采用全麻复合硬膜外麻醉.随机分为2组,每组20例.Ⅰ组(0.2%罗哌卡因200 ml内含芬太尼2μg/ml、枢丹8 mg),Ⅱ组(0.15%布比卡因200 ml内含芬太尼2μg/ml、枢丹8 mg).术后病人清醒拔管,行PCEA,持续注入速度5 ml/h,病人自控剂量1 ml/h,间隔时间15 min.观察(1)镇痛效果:术后1,2,3 d病人静止(R-VAS)和咳嗽(C-VAS)疼痛评分(2)副作用:观察病人是否有皮肤瘙痒、恶心、呕吐、尿潴留、血压下降、呼吸抑制.结果两组病人术后VAS评分差异无显著性.各组中瘙痒、恶心、呕吐、镇静及血压下降的发生率无显著性差异,均未观察到呼吸抑制、运动阻滞和尿潴留的发生.结论低浓度罗哌卡因和布比卡因复合芬太尼用于开胸手术PCEA可良好镇痛,无明显循环呼吸抑制,不良反应小.     

Epidural ropivacaine 1% with and without sufentanil addition for Caesarean section

BACKGROUND: So far only ropivacaine concentrations of 0.5 and 0.75% have been used for Caesarean section. This prospective double-blind trial evaluated the anaesthetic quality of ropivacaine 1% with and without sufentanil addition. METHODS: Three groups of patients (n=20 each) scheduled for an elective Caesarean section were studied. The patients received initially 120 mg ropivacaine, or 120 mg ropivacaine plus 10 microg or 20 microg sufentanil. Additional epidural ropivacaine was injected if necessary. Primary outcome parameter was time to achieve sensory block at T4. Moreover, pain intensity at delivery (visual analogue scale, VAS), incidence of maternal side-effects (hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, shivering, pruritus), and neonatal outcome (Apgar score, neurologic and adaptive capacity score, umbilical cord blood-gas values) were recorded. RESULTS: The onset time for the sensory block was not significantly different among the groups. Also, VAS scores at delivery did not differ significantly between the plain ropivacaine 1% group (18 +/- 29 mm), the 10-microg sufentanil group (1 +/- 5 mm), and the 20-microg sufentanil group (6 +/- 18 mm). The total dose of ropivacaine was significantly higher in the plain ropivacaine 1% group (145 +/- 19 mg) compared to the patients receiving additional 10 microg sufentanil (130 +/- 15 mg, P = 0.02) or 20 microg sufentanil (129 +/- 16 mg, P = 0.01). The incidence of maternal side-effects and neonatal outcome were similar in all groups. CONCLUSION: Ropivacaine 1% alone provided sufficient analgesia. Sufentanil addition did not significantly improve the quality of epidural anaesthesia with ropivacaine 1.0% for Caesarean section.     

Comparison of ropivacaine with bupivacaine and lidocaine for ilioinguinal block after ambulatory inguinal hernia repair in children

BACKGROUND: We have compared ropivacaine with bupivacaine and lidocaine for ilioinguinal block in thirty children undergoing ambulatory inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: Patients were assigned randomly to receive 0.5 ml.kg(-1) of 0.2% ropivacaine (Group R, n = 10), 0.25% bupivacaine (Group B, n = 10) or 1% lidocaine (Group L, n = 10). The patients' parents, who were not informed of the type of local anaesthetic employed, evaluated the postoperative pain at 2 h and 6 h after operation using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the face scale score between Group R and Group L, and Group B and Group L. There was no difference in the face scale score between Group R and Group B. There were no complications or clinical evidence of local anaesthetic toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: We have confirmed that bupivacaine and ropivacaine are more effective than lidocaine in the prevention of postoperative pain after children's inguinal hernia repair. We suggest that ropivacaine 0.2% is an alternative to bupivacaine 0.25% for ilioinguinal block in ambulatory paediatric surgery.