透明质酸国内外研究开发现状和市场前景展望

本文论述了透明质酸（ＨＡ）的分布、结构、性质，以及国内外在制备方法和应用方面的最新进展，并对其市场前景进行了展望。     

中枢神经系统疾病脑脊液中透明质酸与层粘连蛋白联合检测的意义

为探讨ＣＳＦ中透明质酸（ＨＡ）与层粘连蛋白（ＬＮ）在中枢神经系统疾病中的意义，采用放射免疫分析法测定了８６例各种中枢神经系统疾病及２０例对照者ＣＳＦ中ＨＡ和ＬＮ水平。结果发现：各种疾病ＣＳＦ中ＨＡ和ＬＮ含量均明显高于对照者，以脑肿瘤患者为著，炎性脑病次之。ＨＡ与ＬＮ的变化呈密切正相关。结果揭示：同时测定ＣＳＦ中ＨＡ和ＬＮ，对阐明中枢神经系统生理及病理变化过程，诊断和鉴别诊断脑肿瘤、炎性脑病等具有重     

The early effect of high molecular weight hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) on anterior cruciate ligament healing: an experimental study in rabbits

The purpose of this study was to assess, morphologically and biochemically, the effect of hyaluronan (HA) on the early repair process of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Following partial bilateral laceration in the midsubstance of the cruciate ligament, a single dose of HA (MW of 3.6 x 10(6] was injected in one knee and saline in the contralateral knee. Postsurgery, the rabbits were allowed normal (nonimmobilized) cage activity, and were killed after 4 (n = 11) and 12 (n = 10) weeks. The ligaments were evaluated by gross morphology and graded according to the degree of repair. We used grades 1,2, and 3 for uncovered, partially covered, and totally covered lacerations, respectively. Five of the HA-treated ligaments at each time studied were completely covered, compared to 0 at 4 weeks, and 1 at 12 weeks in the saline group. Paired evaluations of the lacerated ACLs showed that the HA-treated ligaments received a healing grade higher than the ligaments exposed to saline in 14 of the 21 animals. In the remaining animals, there was no difference between the sides. The repaired tissue of the ACLs was also examined by light and electron microscopy. When compared qualitatively with saline controls, HA-treated ligaments exhibited a more pronounced repair, with an increased angiogenesis and less inflammatory response. Biochemical analysis demonstrated a mean higher value of type III collagen in the HA-treated injured ACL than in saline-treated injured ACL (13.4 +/- 1.1% and 11.0 +/- 0.8%, respectively). This increased synthesis of type III collagen in the HA-treated injured ACL was statistically higher (p less than 0.05) when compared to the saline-treated injured ACL.     

Autoradiographic localizations of [35S]-sulfate and [3H]-glucosamine in the hamster ciliary epithelium

The localization of [35S]-sulfate and [3H]-glucosamine in the hamster non-pigmented ciliary epithelium was studied by light and electron microscopic autoradiography. The radioactivity was concentrated in the Golgi complex of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium 10 mins after injections of [35S]-sulfate or [3H]-glucosamine. Silver grains of both isotopes covered the cytoplasm 60 mins after the administration and were then associated with the basal infoldings. Radioactivity of [3H]-glucosamine was observed in the basal lamina of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium and the ciliary zonule; however, the localization of [35S]-sulfate in the basal lamina and the ciliary zonule was not demonstrated. These data lend support to the idea that the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium may synthesize glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and secrete non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans into the posterior chamber.     

ELIMINATION OF HYALURONIC ACID FROM THE BLOOD STREAM IN THE HUMAN

1. The removal of hyaluronic acid (HA) from the blood-stream was studied in four normal human subjects after injection of high molecular weight preparations labelled with ³H in the acetyl position. The plasma half-life of the injected material ranged between 2.5 and 5.5 min. 2. The daily turnover of HA in the circulation was estimated to be at least 150 mg. Its elimination was predominantly extrarenal, the upper molecular weight limit for renal excretion being 25 000. 3. Evidence for rapid degradation was provided by the identification of ³H₂O in urine. Calculations from the specific activity of urinary ³H₂O indicated that approximately 55% of the acetyl content of the injected HA was completely oxidized within 3 h, and 85% within the first day. 4. It is concluded that hyaluronic acid in the amounts currently used for therapeutic purposes should not accumulate significantly in the circulation.     

肝硬化病人外周血TNF-α、HPcⅢ和HA的变化及相互关系

为了解乙型病毒性肝炎后肝硬化患者外周血ＴＮＦ－α与肝纤维化的关系， 用酶联免疫法及放射免疫法分别测定其外周血中ＴＮＦ－α、ＨＰｃⅢ和ＨＡ的水平。结果显示：（１）上述指标在ＬＣ病人明显高于下沉姐各指标与肝功能变化相一致；（２）ＴＮＦ－α与ＡＬＴ、γ－ＧＴ的变化呈正相关，与ＨＰｃⅢ和ＨＡ无相关性。     

Neck skin rejuvenation: Histological and clinical changes after combined therapy with a fractional non-ablative laser and stabilized hyaluronic acid-based gel of non-animal origin

Abstract

Background: The laser Affirm? (LA) is a microthermal, non-ablative fractional laser used for skin rejuvenation. Restylane Vital? Light (RVL) in the Restylane^® Injector, a formulation of stabilized hyaluronic acid-based gel of non-animal origin, is indicated for rejuvenation of delicate skin. Objectives: To assess the interaction between the LA and RVL in aging skin of the neck using clinical and histological parameters, and to determine whether combined therapy is effective. Methods: Nine female patients aged 42–62 years received four treatments, each comprising RVL followed immediately by LA treatment. Photographs and skin biopsies were taken before treatment, after the fourth session and 1 month later. Results: Improvements in fine wrinkles, tightness and skin texture were observed. Histologic evaluations showed favourable changes in cellularity, collagen and elastic fibres. Laser-induced effects (400 μm) and an inflammatory reaction (1000 μm) were seen. RVL was present at the mid–deep dermis (1000–1500 μm). Conclusions: Combined treatment with the LA and RVL improved skin appearance and structure as assessed, for the first time, with histology. The LA produced epidermal and superficial dermal changes whereas RVL acted deeper, together treating the full skin thickness.     

Benefits of adding lidocaine to a hyaluronic gel – Stylage® M

Abstract

Although the benefits of adding lidocaine are recognized in terms of relieving the pain experienced upon injection, it would appear beneficial to establish the impact of lidocaine within the Stylage® range, the only one to incorporate both an anaesthetic (lidocaine) and an antioxidant in the form of mannitol in its crosslinked gel of HA. A clinical follow-up was carried out at 11 centres over a period of 6–8 months, depending on the practitioner, and involved 84 patients. The aim of this study was to determine fact from fiction with regards to the benefits of adding local anaesthetic to a filler : 1.Does this addition offer a real benefit in relation to the basic gel? 2)Could it be the cause of other incidents directly linked to lidocaine? 3. Could it have an impact on the durability of the result?