Effects of exogenous hyaluronan on midline crossing and axon divergence in the optic chiasm of mouse embryos

Perturbation of the transmembrane glycoprotein, CD44, has been shown to cause multiple errors in axon routing in the mouse optic chiasm. In a recent report we have shown that the major CD44 ligand, hyaluronan (HA), is colocalized with CD44 at the midline of the chiasm, suggesting a possible contribution to the control of axon routing in the chiasm. We examined this issue by investigating the effects of exogenous HA on routing of axons in the chiasm in slice preparations of the optic pathway. In preparations of the E13 optic pathway, administration of exogenous HA produced a dose-dependent failure in midline crossing of the first generated optic axons. In E15 slices, when the adult pattern of axon divergence develops in the chiasm, anterograde filling of the optic axons showed an obvious reduction in the uncrossed pathway after HA treatment. This reduction was confirmed by retrograde filling of the ganglion cells in E15 slices, and later in E16 pathways where the uncrossed projection is better developed. Furthermore, we have demonstrated in explant cultures of the retina that HA, when presented in soluble or substrate-bound form, does not affect outgrowth and extension of retinal neurites. These findings together indicate the crucial functions of this matrix molecule in regulating midline crossing and axon divergence, probably through interactions with guidance molecules including CD44, at the midline of the chiasm.     

海参硫酸软骨素抑制小鼠黑色素瘤肺转移作用的研究

目的海参硫酸软骨素(sea cucumber chondroitin sul-fate,SC-CHS)由美国肉参中分离所得,研究其结构及对小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞实验性肺转移模型的抑制作用。方法采用MTT法检测了SC-CHS对B16-F10细胞生长的影响;细胞黏附实验研究了SC-CHS对B16-F10细胞黏附能力的影响;体内实验,预先腹腔给药5 d后,建立实验性肺转移模型,继续腹腔注射SC-CHS 20d后,检测小鼠肺转移灶形成,血清中唾液酸的含量、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活力和肺组织中羟脯氨酸、氨基己糖、糖醛酸的含量。结果实验结果显示SC-CHS体外对B16-F10细胞的生长没有影响,但可以明显降低B16-F10细胞同基质和血管内皮细胞的黏附能力(P<0.05)。SC-CHS剂量组小鼠的肺转移灶数量明显减少(P<0.01),平均转移抑制率为62.66%,血清唾液酸含量和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活力明显降低(P<0.01),肺组织中羟脯氨酸、氨基己糖、糖醛酸的含量明显下降(P<0.01)。结论 SC-CHS能抑制肿瘤细胞在小鼠体内的转移和生长,其机制可能与降低肿瘤细胞与基质的黏附能力和细胞的转移能力有关。     

Autologous in vivo adipose tissue engineering in hyaluronan-based gels--a pilot study

BACKGROUND: There is a major clinical need for strategies for adequately reconstructing the soft tissue defects found after deep burns, tumor resection, or trauma. A promising solution is adipose tissue engineering with preadipocytes, stem-cell derived precursors of the adipose tissue, implanted within biomaterials. This pilot study evaluated hyaluronan gels mixed with autologous undifferentiated preadipocytes in a pig model for their potency to generate new fat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preadipocytes were isolated from intra-abdominal pig fat by collagenase digestion, plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/Ham's F12 (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany) combined with 10% pig serum, expanded, and mixed with hyaluronan gel. Two types of gels with varying degrees of amidation of the carboxyl groups were tested (HYADD3, HYADD4). Cell-loaded gels and unseeded controls were injected subcutaneously into the ears of three pigs, explanted at 6 wk, and analyzed histologically. RESULTS: Both cell-loaded specimens were detected macroscopically. They demonstrated a slight volume effect with limited stability after 6 wk. Unloaded HYADD3 and HYADD4 controls could not be identified at the time of explantation. Histology of HYADD3 revealed islets of mature adipocytes and vessels embedded in fat tissue surrounded by gel. In contrast, no fat formation was found in HYADD4 gels when implanted in the ear. CONCLUSIONS: Histological findings demonstrate that HYADD3 is a promising gel for generating adipose tissue. Even though HYADD3 might be a potential material for the reconstruction of small tissue defects, the question remains as to whether the adipose tissue within the gel is attributable to preadipocyte maturation or ingrowth from neighboring tissue.     

Macrolane (large particle biphasic hyaluronic acid) filler injection for correction of defect contour after liposuction

Abstract

In a minority of patients undergoing liposuction, superficial irregularities (or skin depression) in the operated area may occur. Macrolane is a gel composed of hyaluronic acid (HA), used for volume restoration of soft tissues. In this study, the authors investigated the effectiveness, maintenance, and safety of Macrolane as a “non-surgical” treatment to correct skin depression after liposuction. Twelve female patients were included. Macrolane was injected at a subdermal superficial plane using an intramuscular or spinal needle. In all patients, Macrolane was successful in correcting skin depression. No relevant side effects were observed. At 8 months post-injection, a persistence of correction of 60–70% was still present in 90% of the patients. In conclusion, Macrolane filler injections are a predictable, safe, and long-lasting non-surgical procedure to fill contour defects that arise after liposuction, and represent a good option for patients who refuse to undergo an additional surgery to fill the arisen skin depressions.     

Efficacy and safety of a new hyaluronic acid dermal filler in the treatment of moderate nasolabial folds: 6-month interim results of a randomized,evaluator-blinded,intra-individual comparison study

Abstract

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers such as Restylane^® are frequently used for the correction of facial soft tissue defects. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of a novel HA filler, Emervel^® Classic, with those of Restylane in the treatment of moderate nasolabial folds. Methods: This was a split-face, randomized and evaluator-blinded comparison study. Subjects were randomized to receive an injection of Emervel Classic or Restylane on their left or right side. Efficacy was evaluated based on the change in Wrinkle Severity Rating Score (WSRS) from baseline. Local tolerability was assessed based on subject diary, which recorded the severity of erythema, oedema/swelling, bruising, pain/tenderness and pruritus during the first 3 weeks after injection. Results: The interim results 6 months after injection are reported. At week 24, the mean improvement in WSRS from baseline was 0.83 ± 0.51 for Emervel Classic, similar to that for Restylane (0.90 ± 0.57). A similar volume of both fillers was injected. Most local tolerability events were mild and transient. Erythema, oedema/swelling and pain/tenderness were significantly less severe and disappeared faster with Emervel Classic than with Restylane (at least p < 0.05). Conclusion: Emervel Classic provides similar efficacy and better overall local tolerability compared with Restylane 6 months after treatment of moderate nasolabial folds.