The Fetal 3‐Vessel Views: An Illustrative Case‐Based Tutorial

In 2018, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine revised its obstetric Practice Parameter for the second‐trimester fetal anatomic survey. The 2018 Practice Parameter recommends incorporation of the 3‐vessel view and 3‐vessel and trachea view “if technically feasible.” Sonographers and other medical providers may require additional training and education to develop greater proficiency in obtaining and interpreting these views. This pictorial essay, including ultrasound images alongside their respective schematic diagrams, provides an up‐to‐date, practical, and clinically oriented review of the 3‐vessel view and 3‐vessel and trachea view and their most common presentations in the context of congenital heart disease.     

论常燕生以“生物史观”为基础的新法治主义

为适应近代中国的救亡需求,新法家主要代表常燕生融合西方进化论学说和中国古代法家的法治思想,创生出有机生物史观和国家主义法治思想。以此为基础,常燕生大力提倡文化启蒙,主张建构近代民族国家,呼吁走渐进改良式的救亡道路。常燕生的思想因而带有明显的济世救亡的工具主义特质。批判性地反思其缺陷和不足,镜鉴其菁华,必大有益于当世“法治中国”建设。     

Mast cell degranulation during abdominal surgery initiates postoperative ileus in mice

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inflammation of the intestinal muscularis following manipulation during surgery plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus. Here, we evaluate the role of mast cell activation in the recruitment of infiltrates in a murine model. METHODS: Twenty-four hours after control laparotomy or intestinal manipulation, gastric emptying was determined. Mast cell degranulation was determined by measurement of mast cell protease-I in peritoneal fluid. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by determination of tissue myeloperoxidase activity and histochemical staining. RESULTS: Intestinal manipulation elicited a significant increase in mast cell protease-I levels in peritoneal fluid and resulted in recruitment of inflammatory infiltrates to the intestinal muscularis. This infiltrate was associated with a delay in gastric emptying 24 hours after surgery. Pretreatment with mast cell stabilizers ketotifen (1 mg/kg, p.o.) or doxantrazole (5 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented both manipulation-induced inflammation and gastroparesis. Reciprocally, in vivo exposure of an ileal loop to the mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80 (0.2 mg/mL for 1 minute) induced muscular inflammation and delayed gastric emptying. The manipulation-induced inflammation was dependent on the presence of mast cells because intestinal manipulation in mast cell-deficient Kit/Kitv mice did not elicit significant leukocyte recruitment. Reconstitution of Kit/Kitv mice with cultured bone marrow-derived mast cells from congenic wild types restored the manipulation-induced inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that degranulation of connective tissue mast cells is a key event for the establishment of the intestinal infiltrate that mediates postoperative ileus following abdominal surgery.     

Enhancing oral health for better mental health: Exploring the views of mental health professionals

The association between oral health, self‐esteem and quality of life is well established yet there is limited research on the impact of addressing the poor oral health of people living with mental health disorders. Greater consideration is warranted on how enhancing oral health in the course of mental healthcare might reduce the burden of a person's ill health. The role of mental health professionals is important in this regard yet uncertainty persists about the role these providers can and should play in promoting oral health care for people with mental health disorders. This qualitative study explored the issue of oral health and mental health with community based mental health professionals in Perth, Western Australia. It examined their views on the oral health status and experiences of their clients, and the different and alternative ways to improve access to care, knowledge and preventative regimens. Findings indicated participants’ ambivalence, reluctance and lack of training in raising oral health issues, despite its acknowledged importance, indicating a siloed approach to care. Findings offer an opportunity to reflect on whether a more integrated approach to oral health care for people with mental health disorders would improve health outcomes.     

互补式术前访视对手术患者心理状态及满意度的影响

目的 探讨互补式访视对手术患者围手术期心理状态及满意度的影响.方法 将300例择期全麻手术患者分为试验组和对照组,各150例,对照组行常规术前访视;试验组患者进行互补式术前访视.比较2组患者血压、心率、焦虑、抑郁评分变化并进行满意度调查.结果 试验组入手术室10 min血压、心率、焦虑、抑郁评分低于对照组(P＜0.05);试验组术后满意度评价满意高于对照组(P ＜0.05).结论 互补式术前访视可以稳定围术期患者的心理状态,促进患者的主动配合,能够有效保持其血压、心率稳定,提高手术安全性和病人满意度.     

现代医学主要困境的重要根源与出路

现代医学在迅猛发展、取得巨大成就的同时,正面临着一些困境和难题。人们在不断反思后发现,长期对医学的片面认识是现代医学面临一系列困境和难题的根源之一;探寻走出现代医学困境的根本出路之一,就是消除公众对医学和健康的片面认识,其关键就是重塑医学人才多维视野能力和素质。这既是走出现代医学困境、促进医学模式转变、满足人们健康需求日益增长的客观需要,也是未来医学人才培养的必然要求。