妇科千金软胶囊对盆腔炎大鼠子宫内膜组织病理学改变的观察

目的:观察妇科千金软胶囊对盆腔炎大鼠子宫内膜病理组织学改变的影响.方法:采用阴道深部注入苯酚胶浆,建立大鼠盆腔炎模型.60只SD雌性大鼠随机分为6个组:正常组、模型组、阳性药组和妇科千金软胶囊高、中、低剂量组,每组各10只.给药组灌胃给药治疗12d,治疗结束次日取血进行血液流变学检测,取子宫内膜进行病理检查.结果:妇科千金软胶囊组子宫内膜病变较模型组有显著改善.结论:妇科千金软胶囊可有效治疗大鼠实验性盆腔炎.     

瘢痕疙瘩真皮-表皮连接区结构的组织形态学变化

目的　观察瘢痕疙瘩 (Ks)真皮表皮连接 (DEJ)区结构变化 .方法　对瘢痕疙瘩浸润部、增生部和老化部及其正常皮肤 (NS)标本 ,采用组织学、免疫组化 laminin,v WF标记和 DEJ区结构扫描电镜观察 .结果　 DEJ区 laminin和基底膜厚度、真皮乳头密度和乳头间孔穴密度 ,表皮内面基底细胞质膜皱襞密度、孔穴密度及其粘附细胞密度 (EACD) ,真皮乳头层微血管密度 (MVD)等指标 ,各组均有显著的病理改变 .统计学处理 :浸润部 >增生部 >老化部或 (和 )正常皮肤 (t,P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) .除真皮乳头和基底细胞质膜皱襞密度外 ,MVD或 EACD与其他指标的均数间呈明显正相关 (t,P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 0 1,r=0 .372～ 0 .6 81) .结论　 Ks不同部位 DEJ区结构有显著不同的病理改变 ,可能与真皮乳头的微血管增生和阻塞及免疫细胞向表皮内大量浸润有关 .     

黄连解毒汤对急性痔疮模型大鼠肛周病理组织形态、免疫功能以及炎症因子的影响

目的探讨黄连解毒汤对急性痔疮模型大鼠肛周病理组织形态、免疫功能以及炎症因子的影响。方法50只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、阳性组及黄连解毒高、低剂量组,每组10只。利用99.0%醋酸溶液制备急性痔疮大鼠模型,造模成功后,阳性组给予美沙拉嗪,黄连解毒组给予相应剂量黄连解毒汤灌胃。7 d后比较各组大鼠的肛周组织病理形态学变化及病理评分、免疫功能及细胞炎症因子。结果模型组大鼠的肛周组织呈暗红色,光泽度差,充血肿胀明显,肛周组织病变程度明显高于空白对照组,提示造模成功。治疗后,阳性组和黄连解毒组大鼠的组织光泽度得到明显改善,颜色变浅,充血肿胀程度和病变程度明显减轻,分泌物减少,其症状明显轻于模型组(P<0.05);模型组大鼠的溃疡面积和局部症状评分、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平以及CD8+明显高于空白对照组,CD3^+、CD4^+和CD4^+/CD8^+明显低于空白对照组(P<0.05)。阳性组和黄连解毒组的溃疡面积和局部症状评分、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平、CD8+明显低于模型组,CD3^+、CD4^+和CD4^+/CD8^+明显高于模型组(P<0.05)。阳性组与黄连解毒高剂量组的炎症因子和免疫功能比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论黄连解毒汤能有效地改善急性痔疮模型大鼠的病理组织形态,降低溃疡面积和局部症状评分,提高免疫功能,减少细胞炎症因子反应。     

益气解毒化瘀方对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠血清IL-23和IL-10的影响

目的观察益气解毒化瘀方对溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)大鼠血清白细胞介素-23(interleukin-23,IL-23)和白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)水平的影响,探讨益气解毒化瘀方治疗UC的机制。方法将50只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、柳氮磺吡啶(salicylazosulfapyridine,SASP)组、益气解毒化瘀方低剂量组和益气解毒化瘀方高剂量组,每组10只大鼠。采用三硝基苯磺酸联合无水乙醇灌肠法复制UC模型。药物干预4周后,肉眼下观察各组大鼠结肠大体病理损伤指数(chief morphology damage index,CMDI),光镜下观察各组大鼠结肠组织损伤指数(tissue damage index,TDI),采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测大鼠血清IL-23和IL-10水平。结果各治疗组大鼠结肠CMDI和TDI评分及血清IL-23水平较模型组显著降低(P0.01),血清IL-10水平较模型组显著升高(P0.01);益气解毒化瘀方高剂量组在改善上述指标方面显著优于益气化瘀解毒方低剂量组和SASP组(P0.05,或P0.01)。结论益气解毒化瘀方通过调节促炎性细胞因子和抑炎性细胞因子平衡,达到治疗UC目的。     

电磁辐射对家兔神经行为及小脑组织形态的影响

目的观察电磁辐射对家兔神经行为和小脑组织病理形态学及超微结构的影响,探讨电磁辐射致小脑组织损伤的特点和规律。方法将24只家兔随机分为对照组和辐射组,对照组不施加电磁波辐射;辐射组以平均功率密度为120 mW/cm2的电磁波持续辐射家兔30 min,采用电镜和光镜对小鼠脑组织进行形态学观察。结果辐射组家兔辐射过程中出现情绪亢奋和大小便失禁等明显神经行为学异常。光镜下可见以小脑组织出现以蒲肯野氏细胞萎缩变形和颗粒细胞排列紊乱,电镜下可见以小脑蒲肯野氏细胞线粒体空泡化和粗面内质网扩张,以及突触小泡空泡化,上述损伤均呈进行性加重。对照组未见明显异常。结论平均功率密度为120 mW/cm2的电磁波持续辐射家兔30 min,可致家兔神经行为及小脑组织形态学发生异常改变。     

Effect of Qingre Buyi Decoction on nitric oxide and histomorphology of intestinal mucosa in rats with radiation enteritis

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Qingre Buyi Decoction (QBD) in prevention and treatment of radiation enteritis in rats.Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, the TCM group, the WM group, the model group and the control group, 12 in each group. Rats in the former three groups were given orally with QBD, norfloxacin and normal saline once a day for 7 successive days, after being irradiated with X-ray at single dose of 10 Gy for modeling of radiation enteritis, while rats in the control group were untreated. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the medication. NO concentration, mean height and number of villi per centimeter in their small intestinal mucosa were measured.Results: The intestinal NO concentration was significantly lower in the TCM and WM groups than that in the model group(P<0.05), while the number of villi was significantly more and the height higher in the former two groups than those in the model group (P<C0.01 for both), but no significant difference was shown between the TCM group and the WM group.Conclusion: QBD could inhibit the production of NO, increase the number and height of intestinal villi in rats with radiation enteritis, suggesting that it could reduce the inflammatory reaction of intestinal mucosa to irradiation, protect mucosa from radiation damage, and promote the regeneration of mucosa.     

雷洛昔芬对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的防治作用

目的 了解雷洛昔芬(RLX)对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢、骨组织形态学等指标的影响。方法 3月龄雌性SD大鼠32只，随机分为假手术组(SHAM)、卵巢切除组(OVX)、卵巢切除加乙烯雌酚组(DES)、卵巢切除加雷洛昔芬组(RLX)，每组8只，5个月后处死。取大鼠血、尿检测骨代谢生化指标及骨组织形态学检查。结果 和SHAM及OVX组相比。RLX及DES组能明显上调血清E2、Ca^2 、ALP的水平和增加骨密度。RLX及DES两组相比，各项指标无统计学意义。结论 RLX对防治去卵巢大鼠的骨丢失与DES一样有效，RLX可替代DES防治绝经后骨质疏松。     

蜈蚣提取液对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠缺血半暗带组织形态和脑红蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察蜈蚣提取液对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠缺血半暗带组织形态和脑红蛋白（neuroglobin,NGB）表达的影响,从病理组织学水平和分子水平揭示蜈蚣防治脑缺血的作用机制。方法 将大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,蜈蚣提取液低、中、高剂量组和益气活血方组,采用线栓法复制大脑中动脉局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型。模型复制后,分别给予相应的药物连续灌胃14 d。光镜下观察各组大鼠额顶叶皮质缺血半暗带的组织形态学变化,采用免疫组织化学法检测NGB表达。结果 模型组大鼠额顶叶皮质缺血半暗带水肿,神经细胞坏死明显,蜈蚣提取液低、中、高剂量组及益气活血方组大鼠额顶叶皮质缺血半暗带的病理变化较模型组显著改善。假手术组与模型组NGB的阳性表达面积和平均吸光度比较,差异无统计学意义（P<0.05）。蜈蚣提取液低、中、高剂量组NGB的阳性表达面积和平均吸光度与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,以蜈蚣提取液高剂量组的效应最显著。益气活血方组与低、中、高剂量蜈蚣提取液组NGB的阳性表达面积和平均吸光度比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,其效应与高剂量蜈蚣提取液相当（P>0.05）。结论 蜈蚣提取液通过上调局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠缺血半暗带NGB表达,改善脑缺血再灌注造成的损伤,具有明显的剂量依赖性,高剂量蜈蚣提取液的效应与益气活血全方相当。     

晚发型脊柱骨骺发育不良伴进行性骨关节病患者的骨组织形态学观察(两例报告)

对晓发型脊柱骨骺发育不良伴进行性骨关节病（SEDT-PA）患者行骨密度测量，股骨头行Goldner＇s Masson三色法染色，用显微CT行骨小梁三维重建，骨组织形态计量。结果SEDT-PA患者骨量、骨形成参数下降。     

Nivalenol Has a Greater Impact than Deoxynivalenol on Pig Jejunum Mucosa in Vitro on Explants and in Vivo on Intestinal Loops

The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), worldwide cereal contaminants, raise concerns for animal and human gut health, following contaminated food or feed ingestion. The impact of DON and NIV on intestinal mucosa was investigated after acute exposure, in vitro and in vivo. The histological changes induced by DON and NIV were analyzed after four-hour exposure on pig jejunum explants and loops, two alternative models. On explants, dose-dependent increases in the histological changes were induced by DON and NIV, with a two-fold increase in lesion severity at 10 µM NIV. On loops, NIV had a greater impact on the mucosa than DON. The overall proliferative cells showed 30% and 13% decrease after NIV and DON exposure, respectively, and NIV increased the proliferative index of crypt enterocytes. NIV also increased apoptosis at the top of villi and reduced by almost half the proliferative/apoptotic cell ratio. Lamina propria cells (mainly immune cells) were more sensitive than enterocytes (epithelial cells) to apoptosis induced by NIV. Our results demonstrate a greater impact of NIV than DON on the intestinal mucosa, both in vitro and in vivo, and highlight the need of a specific hazard characterization for NIV risk assessment.