Late effects of radiotherapy on oral mucosa in humans

In order to gain further understanding of the late effects of radiotherapy on oral mucosa, we analysed the histomorphological alterations, the cell populations in the subepithelial tissue, and the endothelial expression pattern of different adhesion molecules. Biopsies were taken from patients before irradiation, directly after 60 Gy, and 6-12 months after radiotherapy. Besides the histomorphological evaluation of the vessels, the endothelial expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin was determined as well as the distribution of LFA-1-, Mac-1-, VLA-4-, RM3/1-, 27E10- and 25F9-bearing cells in the subepithelial tissue. The expression of ICAM-1 was downregulated after radiotherapy, whereas the percentage of LFA-1- and VLA-4-bearing cells increased. VCAM-1 remained at low levels. The subepithelial infiltration was still dominated by RM3/1-positive macrophages. The number of vessels decreased, while the lumen of the remaining vessels increased. In conclusion, the late effects of radiotherapy are characterized by a decreased number of blood vessels and by significantly different expression patterns of the adhesion molecules studied, and of integrins and macrophage subpopulations, compared to the conditions before irradiation and directly after irradiation with 60 Gy.     

甲状旁腺素1-34对骨质疏松大鼠治疗作用的实验研究

目的探讨甲状旁腺素134(hPTH134)对骨质疏松的治疗作用以及与血钙、磷、维生素D代谢和生长因子的关系。方法用摘除大鼠双侧卵巢的方式制备骨质疏松模型(OVX),实验动物分为4个组:模型对照组(OVX组,摘除大鼠双侧卵巢不作任何处理);hPTH134治疗组(PTH组,摘除大鼠双侧卵巢12w后用hPTH134治疗8w);盐酸雷洛昔芬治疗组(摘除大鼠双侧卵巢12w后用雷洛昔芬治疗8w);假手术组(Sham组,仅切除卵巢周围的脂肪组织约3g,术后12w纳入实验)。应用HOLOGIC第4代双能X线4500W骨密度仪测大鼠腰椎、股骨上段骨密度值(BMD);以骨形态计量学测股骨骨小梁面积、矿化沉积率;用ELISA法测定血清IGF1水平和血清25OHVitD浓度以及血淋巴细胞VitD受体(VDR)含量。结果hPTH134治疗组、盐酸雷洛昔芬治疗组均较OVX组腰椎、股骨上段骨密度增高,组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。hPTH134治疗组较盐酸雷洛昔芬治疗组股骨上段骨密度增高,两组之间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。hPTH134治疗组骨小梁面积明显增加、矿化沉积率增高。hPTH134治疗组、盐酸雷洛昔芬治疗组血清IGF1浓度值、血清25OHVitD浓度值升高,与OVX组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。各组血淋巴细胞VDR含量无明显变化,与OVX组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论hPTH134能够预防腰椎、股骨上段骨密度丢失,使骨小梁面积明显增加、矿化沉积率增高并且血清IGF1及血清25OHVitD浓度值升高,但对VDR含量无明显作用。     

基于颌骨和股骨差异的动物实验中种植体骨结合影响因素

颌骨和股骨是基础研究中常用的构建骨缺损或植入种植体的部位。越来越多的研究指出,颌骨和股骨二者在胚胎发育及生长、组织形态学结构以及骨代谢等方面存在较大差异。文献复习结果表明与股骨相比,颌骨的骨膜内成骨方式可能具有更优的成骨能力,同时其内的干细胞增殖能力更强,成骨分化能力更好;但颌骨组织结构的规律性欠佳,成骨细胞成骨矿化能力稍弱,免疫细胞对细胞因子更敏感,这些可能是导致动物实验中颌骨与股骨种植体骨结合存在差异的原因,但其具体机制尚未阐明。     

Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: lack of correlation between biochemical and morphological activity, and effects of immunosuppressive therapy on disease progression

A study was made of 52 patients considered to probably have chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis who were seen during an eight-year period at Westmead Hospital, Sydney. The patients were followed for a median of 28 months to assess the natural history of the disease and, in a small number of patients, the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on disease progression was examined. In 94% of cases, infection appeared to have been acquired by a parenteral route; the remainder were sporadic infections. Fifty-six per cent of the patients had mild constitutional symptoms and the remainder were asymptomatic. Similarly, 54% of patients had no signs of chronic liver disease and none exhibited signs of hepatic decompensation. Liver biopsies were performed in 42 patients; chronic active hepatitis with or without cirrhosis was present in 90%. However, neither the presence of symptoms nor the degree of biochemical abnormality were predictive of disease severity as determined histologically. Among eight patients treated with corticosteroids (with or without azathioprine), six underwent follow-up liver biopsy. Quantitative analysis of inflammatory and fibrotic changes indicated significant (p < 0.01) progression of histological severity during a median 33 months (range 7–98 months) between biopsies with cirrhosis developing in four instances. In contrast, among the seven untreated patients rebiopsied after a median of 16.0 months (range 11–37 months) there was no overall change in histological severity and only one patient developed cirrhosis. It is concluded that histological assessment is required in all patients suspected of having chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis as other means of assessment are unreliable. At present, immunosuppressive therapy cannot be recommended for patients with this form of chronic viral hepatitis; as well as being unhelpful, such treatment may accelerate disease progression.     

臂丛神经损伤后三角肌与肱二头肌功能恢复的比较

研究手术治疗臂丛神经损伤后三角肌、肱二头肌的恢复，探索周围神经损伤后影响肌肉恢复的组织形态学因素。通过１４例臂丛损伤患者行神经移位或移植治疗和随访，及实验室三角肌和肱二头肌各１０例标本的组织形态学研究，发现在条件相同的情况下肱二头肌的功能恢复优于三角肌。三角肌内Ⅰ型肌纤维的含量多，肌纤维在形态上趋向于动物的慢肌。提示三角肌恢复差的原因与其慢肌特性有关。     

肥厚性瘢痕组织形态与胶原降解关系的实验研究

本文观察了肥厚性瘢痕的组织形态，探讨了它们与胶原降解的关系，结果发现肥厚性瘢痕     

强肌健力方对脾肾两虚证大鼠胸腺增殖细胞核抗原表达的影响

目的观察强肌健力方对脾肾两虚证大鼠胸腺组织的作用及机理。方法将72只SD大鼠随机分为5组,即正常对照组(10只),模型组(16只),强肌健力方组(15只),黄芪减量方组(15只),单味黄芪组(16只)。采用灌服大黄复制脾虚模型(14天),在脾虚基础上采用肌肉注射氢化可的松复制肾虚模型(10天)。造模同时分别给予蒸馏水、强肌健力方、黄芪减量方、单味黄芪灌胃,连续给药24d后,取胸腺组织行HE染色,光学显微镜下观察各组大鼠胸腺组织形态学的变化,用免疫组化的方法测定增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达。结果模型组体质量比正常对照组显著减轻(P<0.01),而各用药组均可使大鼠体质量升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);模型组大鼠胸腺组织有不同程度损伤,而强肌健力方组、单味黄芪组能使已遭损伤的胸腺组织得以修复;与正常对照组比较,模型组胸腺组织PCNA蛋白表达减少,阳性面积率显著降低(P<0.01);而强肌健力方能使胸腺组织PCNA表达升高(P<0.05)。结论强肌健力方能有效促进脾肾两虚证大鼠胸腺组织细胞增殖,并对受损的胸腺组织具有保护作用,其健脾益气的作用机理与升高PCNA表达有关。     

Leucocyte variation, an insight of host defenses during hymenolepiasis and restoration with praziquantel

Haematological studies in helminthiasis reveal drastic alterations in the white blood cells (leucocytes), and its various components like neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. The use of proper anthelmintic agent, restores normalcy in the infected host. These variations during helminth infections reflect the host defense status in combating the parasitic attack. The present study involves the evaluation of these total and differential haematological alterations, induced in the laboratory mouse Mus musculus, infested with the intestinal helminth, Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm), and treated with the praziquantel, using an automatic Coulter Counter.     

儿童恒牙露髓处牙髓修复的组织形态学特征

目的：观察牙髓修复各时期的组织形态学特征，再次验证儿童恒牙牙髓的修复潜力。方法：采用因正畸需要拔除的２４个儿童恒牙，牙髓暴露后用氢氧化钙制剂直接盖髓，术后进行组织学评价。结果：当用氢氧化钙覆盖牙髓暴露面时出现表层组织坏死和轻度炎症，而后出现防御反应和修复，形成牙本质桥。其硬组织屏障由三层结构组成；表层无定形碎片，中间纤维性牙本质，下层骨样和管样牙本质，牙本质桥下的牙髓无炎症。结论：形成牙本质桥是牙髓暴露后用氢氧化钙制剂盖髓后牙髓修复的特征。     

19例恶性间皮瘤细针穿刺活检及细胞学诊断

目的 探讨B超引导下穿刺腹膜恶性间皮瘤的组织形态及细胞学特点。方法 对19例腹膜恶性间皮瘤穿刺标本进行病理组织形态学、细胞学、组织化学及免疫组化观察。结果 本组男性12例,女性7例,年龄34～76岁,平均58．1岁。19例穿刺标本组织学证实为10例腺管乳头状型、3例未分化型、1例印戒细胞型、1例小细胞型、2例低度恶性囊状细胞型和2例纤维母细胞型。细胞学涂片16例呈阳性,3例呈阴性。肿瘤细胞对Keratin、Vimentin、EMA及抗间皮细胞抗原均呈阳性表达。19例CI染色均有不同程度阳性改变,而对HCI染色则呈阴性。结论 结合临床表现,对B超引导下穿刺标本进行组织病理学、细胞学、组织化学及免疫组化等观察能够准确诊断腹膜恶性间皮瘤。