电针对骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱最大容量和组织形态的影响

目的 通过观察电针对骶上脊髓损伤（spinal cord injury,SCI）后神经源性膀胱大鼠的膀胱最大容量、组织形态学的影响,了解电针治疗骶上SCI后神经源性膀胱的部分机制.方法 制作骶上SCI后神经源性膀胱大鼠模型,电针大鼠“次髎”、“中极”、“三阴交”三穴,采用尿流动力学、HE染色观察电针对骶上SCI后神经源性膀胱大鼠的膀胱最大容量、膀胱组织形态的影响.结果 膀胱最大容量检测结果显示：造模后第14天即治疗前1天模型组、针刺穴位组、针刺对照点组之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗7d后,针刺穴位组、针刺对照点组高于模型组,差异有显著统计学意义（P＜0.01）;针刺穴位组、针刺对照点组治疗前后比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,模型组与7d前比较,差异有显著统计学意义（P＜0.01）.说明造模后大鼠膀胱最大容量呈下降趋势,电针治疗可明显改善膀胱最大容量使其趋于稳定.HE染色结果显示：电针可减轻膀胱组织形态病理损害程度,且针刺穴位组效果优于针刺对照点组.结论电针骶上SCI后神经源性膀胱大鼠“次髎”、“中极”、“三阴交”三穴可明显改善膀胱最大容量的稳定性,减轻膀胱组织病理损害程度,从而抑制膀胱逼尿肌亢进,恢复膀胱功能.     

Mineral metabolism, bone histomorphometry and vascular calcification in alternate night nocturnal haemodialysis

BACKGROUND: Poor control of bone mineral metabolism (BMM) is associated with renal osteodystrophy and mortality in dialysis-dependent patients. The authors explored the efficacy of alternate nightly home haemodialysis (ANHHD) in controlling BMM parameters and its effects on bone mineral density and histomorphometry. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, 26 patients on home haemodialysis (3-5 h, 3.5-4 sessions weekly) were converted to ANHHD (6-9 h, 3.5-4 sessions weekly). Biochemical parameters of BMM at baseline, 6 and 12 months, radiological parameters at baseline and 12 months and bone histomorphometry at 12 months are described. RESULTS: Pre-dialysis serum phosphate fell from 2.13+/-0.65 to 1.38+/-0.35 mmol/L; P<0.0001. No binders were required in 77.2% compared with 7.7% at baseline. Calcium-phosphate product fell from 5.28+/-1.64 to 3.42+/-0.88 mmol2/L2; P<0.0001 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) from 301 (110-471) to 127 (47-240) ng/L; P=0.01. Bone mineral density remained stable. Vascular and ectopic calcification improved or stabilized in 87.5%. Bone histomorphometry at 12 months showed high, normal and low bone turnover in 10, 3 and 4 patients, respectively, with 6/17 patients having abnormal mineralization. CONCLUSION: Alternate nightly home haemodialysis effectively manages biochemical parameters of BMM. Patients with very high PTH at baseline (>1000 ng/L) did not significantly improve parathyroid hormone status. Abnormal bone turnover and mineralization were present in a significant proportion of patients at 12 months but low turnover was uncommon. Vascular calcification was stabilized or improved in the majority. ANHHD compares favourably with every night and short daily therapy in relation to BMM management and may offer lifestyle advantages for patients.     

经血宁胶囊正丁醇提取部位对药物性流产大鼠子宫出血的影响

目的研究经血宁胶囊正丁醇提取部位(JXN-C)对药物性流产大鼠子宫出血及其组织形态的影响。方法采用药物流产造模方法,观察JXN-C对药物性流产大鼠子宫出血量的影响,用酶联免疫分析法测定大鼠血清前列腺素(PGF2a)水平;用苏木精-伊红(Haematoxyllin-eosia,HE)染色,光镜下观察子宫组织形态结构变化。结果 JXN-C可减少药物性流产大鼠子宫出血总量(7 d),而且有较好的量效关系。JXN-C对大鼠PGF2a水平无明显影响;HE染色显示JXN-C组大鼠子宫内膜处于动情间期,均未见蜕膜组织。结论 JXN-C可减少药物性流产大鼠的出血量,子宫内膜未见蜕膜组织。     

拔毒生肌散及其拆方对大鼠破损皮肤组织形态学的影响观察

目的:观察中药外用制剂拔毒生肌散及其拆方对大鼠破损皮肤的组织形态学影响变化。方法:在大鼠破损皮肤(渗血为度)上分别外涂拔毒生肌散及其拆方,连续给药14 d后光镜下观察其对大鼠破损皮肤组织形态学的影响。结果:汞铅成分导致大鼠破损皮肤表皮增厚,真皮网织层及其深部血管出血、充血及炎细胞浸润,配伍药味可抑制表皮增厚,减轻真皮病变。结论:拔毒生肌散中汞铅成分可促进大鼠破损皮肤伤口愈合,配伍药味可减轻汞、铅成分所致真皮组织病理性损伤。     

鸭跖草的显微鉴别研究

目的 对鸭跖草药材的微观组织形态进行研究,为鸭趾草的显微鉴别提供依据。方法 对药材徒手切片并进行显微制片,利用光学显微镜对其进行微观特征观察,并拍摄图片。结果 鸭跖草茎横切面表皮细胞一列,偶尔可见非腺毛,内侧有3～4层厚角组织,维管束纤维连续排列成环,维管束间断排列,茎中部薄壁组织中还具散在维管束。叶横切面上下表皮细胞大小不一,维管束鞘细胞两层,栅状细胞一列,上下表面可见两种类型的非腺毛,叶肉细胞含草酸钙针晶、棱晶、方晶。总苞片表面密被短硬毛。结论 本研究结果鸭跖草显微特征进行了补充,为鸭跖草药材的相关鉴别标准提供了参考。     

疏肝化淤颗粒治疗大鼠肝硬化的药效学

目的:观察疏肝化淤颗粒对大鼠实验性肝硬化的药效学作用.方法:用复合造模法制成大鼠实验性肝硬化模型,进行造模后两个月给药的实验,观察疏肝化淤颗粒对大鼠的血清转氨酶、血浆蛋白比例、肝脏羟脯酸含量等指标以及对病理组织学、电镜超微结构等形态学的影响,进行组间差异显著性比较.结果:实验给药组大鼠的多数血生化指标和肝组织指标都有明显的改善作用.结论:疏肝化淤颗粒对大鼠实验性肝硬化有确切的治疗作用.     

A case report of renal cell tumor in a 45-year-old female mimicking lower portion nephrogenesis

This report describes a renal tumor with an unusual histology In a 45-year-old woman. The tumor was white in color, different from usual renal cell carcinoma, and mainly consisted of variously shaped tubules formed by flat or cuboid cells within marked edematous stroma. Elaborated branching or tubules arranged In a papillary pattern with focal spindle-shaped cell proliferation were characteristic features. Immunohistochemical staining expressed diffusely positive for vlmentin and S-100 protein, partially positive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen and negative for Leu-M1, Leu-7, CD34 and markers for muscle cells. Ultrastructural studies of the tumor cells showed adenocarcinoma-IIke characteristics. According to these histological, Immunohistochemlcal and electron microscopy findings, it is suggested that this tumor be designated as unclassified renal cell carcinoma with histology mimicking lower-nephron nephrogenesis.