1例人感染高致病性禽流感死亡病例的流行病学调查

[目的]为查明人感染高致病性禽流感病例发生的原因,为今后预防和控制人感染高致病性禽流感提供科学依据。[方法]2009年1月26日对该市1例人感染高致病性禽流感患者进行流行病学调查分析。[结果]采集病人的鼻咽拭子和下呼吸道吸取物经广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心检测、中国疾病预防控制中心复检,H5N1禽流感病毒核酸阳性。人感染高致病性禽流感为北流市首次发现,经采取预防措施有效地控制了疫情。[结论]该病例感染来源为禽类。加强医务人员的培训和医疗机构不明原因肺炎监测,切断传播途径,采取有效的环境消毒及隔离措施是预防控制人感染高致病性禽流感的主要措施。     

辽宁省2003-2015年7255例艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者的生存分析

目的 探讨艾滋病（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS）患者高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART）后的生存率及其影响因素。方法 采用回顾性队列研究方法,收集辽宁省2003-2015年7 255例接受HAART的人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus,HIV）感染者和AIDS患者的相关信息,用寿命表法分析其生存率,用Cox回归模型分析生存时间的影响因素。结果 共收集7 255例HIV/AIDS为研究对象,HAART后1、3、5年的累积生存率分别为97%、95%、93%,6～12年的累积生存率均为92%;其中HAART后艾滋病相关死亡269例,总病死率为1.99/100人年;Cox回归模型多因素分析显示,年龄30～59岁（HR=0.330,95%CI:0.203～0.538）、>59岁组（HR=0.569,95%CI:0.395～0.820）与<30岁组相比死亡风险低;文化程度初中（HR=0.503,95%CI:0.324～0.780）、高中及中专（HR=0.284,95%CI:0.200～0.405）、大专及以上组（HR=0.254,95%CI:0.169～0.381）与小学及以下组相比死亡风险低,感染途径为异性传播组与同性传播组相比死亡风险低（HR=0.540,95%CI:0.383～0.763）;基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数≥200个/μl组与<50个/μl组相比死亡风险低（HR=0.316,95%CI:0.201～0.499）;BMI≥24.0 kg/m2组与<18.5 kg/m2组相比死亡风险低（HR=0.459,95%CI:0.344～0.611）。结论 辽宁省艾滋病抗病毒治疗效果稳定,5年生存率水平较高。疾病早期进行规范治疗是降低患者死亡风险、提高生存率的有效措施。     

Dietary Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Induces Satiation by Enhancing the Postprandial Activation of Vagal Afferent Nerves

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is present in the mammalian brain as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and in foods. It is widely used as a supplement that regulates brain function through stress-reducing and sleep-enhancing effects. However, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, as it is reportedly unable to cross the blood–brain barrier. Here, we explored whether a single peroral administration of GABA affects feeding behavior as an evaluation of brain function and the involvement of vagal afferent nerves. Peroral GABA at 20 and 200 mg/kg immediately before refeeding suppressed short-term food intake without aversive behaviors in mice. However, GABA administration 30 min before refeeding demonstrated no effects. A rise in circulating GABA concentrations by the peroral administration of 200 mg/kg GABA was similar to that by the intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg GABA, which did not alter feeding. The feeding suppression by peroral GABA was blunted by the denervation of vagal afferents. Unexpectedly, peroral GABA alone did not alter vagal afferent activities histologically. The coadministration of a liquid diet and GABA potentiated the postprandial activation of vagal afferents, thereby enhancing postprandial satiation. In conclusion, dietary GABA activates vagal afferents in collaboration with meals or meal-evoked factors and regulates brain function including feeding behavior.     

Microstructure and Phase Evolution of Ti-Al-C-Nb Composites Prepared by In Situ Selective Laser Forming

In the present work, a novel Ti-Al-C-Nb composite was prepared using in situ selective laser forming (ISLF). The formation mechanism of the Ti-Al-C-Nb bulks, which were synthesized using elemental titanium, aluminum, and carbon (graphite) powders via ISLF techniques, was investigated. The results showed that the Ti₃Al and TiC phases were the dominant synthesis products during the chemical reactions, and these occurred during the ISLF process. The size of the fine nanoscale crystal TiC grains could reach 157 nm at an energy level of 60 J/mm³. The porous structure of the ISLF specimens was disclosed, and an open porosity of 20–44% was determined via the scanning speed and the laser power. Both the high dynamic viscosity and the reactions of the raw powders led to the generation of a considerable number of pores, whereas the specimen processed using 45 W and 100 mm/s possessed the lowest degree of open porosity.     

Structure,Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Selective Laser Melted Fe-Si-B Alloy

Original 1CP powder was studied and it was founded that powder material partially consists of the amorphous phase, in which crystallization begins at 450 °C and ends at 575 °C. Selective laser melting parameters were investigated through the track study, and more suitable ones were found: laser power P = 90, 120 W; scanning speed V = 1200 mm/s. Crack-free columnar elements were obtained. The sample obtained with P = 90 W, contains a small amount of amorphous phase. X-ray diffraction of samples shows the presence of α-Fe(Si) and Fe₂B. SEM-image analysis shows the presence of ordered Fe₃Si in both samples. Annealed samples show 40% less microhardness; an annealed sample containing amorphous phase shows higher soft-magnetic properties: 2.5% higher saturation magnetization, 35% higher residual magnetization and 30% higher rectangularity coefficient.     

环氧合酶-2及其选择性抑制剂对视网膜母细胞瘤细胞体外生长增殖的影响

目的:观察人视网膜母细胞瘤HXO-RB44细胞中环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)的表达情况,以及选择性COX-2抑制剂尼美舒利(nimesulide,NIM)对该细胞株生长增殖的影响。方法:体外培养HXO-RB44细胞;采用免疫细胞化学SP法检测HXO-RB44细胞中COX-2的表达情况;将不同浓度的NIM(0,200,300和400μmol/L)作用于HXO-RB44细胞24,48和72h后,用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法观察NIM对细胞增殖的影响。结果:免疫细胞化学结果显示,COX-2在HXO-RB44细胞中的表达率高达98.3%,阳性物质弥漫分布于整个胞质或沿核膜周边呈线状分布。阴性对照组中阳性细胞表达率为0%。MTT法显示,NIM能降低HXO-RB44细胞的吸光度A值(P<0.01),细胞生长抑制率随作用时间和药物浓度的增加而增加。结论:COX-2在HXO-RB44细胞高表达;NIM能显著抑制HXO-RB44细胞的生长和增殖,抑制作用呈剂量和时间依赖性。     

Current challenges in detecting food allergens by shotgun and targeted proteomic approaches: a case study on traces of peanut allergens in baked cookies

There is a need for selective and sensitive methods to detect the presence of food allergens at trace levels in highly processed food products. In this work, a combination of non-targeted and targeted proteomics approaches are used to illustrate the difficulties encountered in the detection of the major peanut allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and Ara h 3 from a representative processed food matrix. Shotgun proteomics was employed for selection of the proteotypic peptides for targeted approaches via selective reaction monitoring. Peanut presence through detection of the proteotypic Ara h 3/4 peptides AHVQVVDSNGNR (m/z 432.5, 3+) and SPDIYNPQAGSLK (m/z 695.4, 2+) was confirmed and the developed method was able to detect peanut presence at trace levels (≥10 μg peanut g(-1) matrix) in baked cookies.     

Selective Internal Radiation Therapy with Yttrium-90 for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review on Post-Treatment Dosimetry and Concomitant Chemotherapy

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y)-loaded microspheres is increasingly used for the treatment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Dosimetry verifications post-treatment are required for a valid assessment of any dose-response relationship. We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine how often clinics conducted post-treatment dosimetry verification to measure the actual radiation doses delivered to the tumor and to the normal liver in patients who underwent SIRT for ICC, and also to explore the corresponding dose-response relationship. We also investigated other factors that potentially affect treatment outcomes, including the type of microspheres used and concomitant chemotherapy. Out of the final 47 studies that entered our study, only four papers included post-treatment dosimetry studies after SIRT to quantitatively assess the radiation doses delivered. No study showed that one microsphere type provided a benefit over another, one study demonstrated better imaging-based response rates associated with the use of glass-based TheraSpheres, and two studies found similar toxicity profiles for different types of microspheres. Gemcitabine and cisplatin were the most common chemotherapeutic drugs for concomitant administration with SIRT. Future studies of SIRT for ICC should include dosimetry to optimize treatment planning and post-treatment radiation dosage measurements in order to reliably predict patient responses and liver toxicity.     

重庆市接受抗病毒治疗的HIV感染者和AIDS患者免疫重建及其影响因素分析

目的 了解2004-2013年重庆市人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus,HIV）感染者和获得性免疫缺陷综合征（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS）患者接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗后免疫重建情况,并分析其影响因素。方法 利用国家艾滋病综合防治信息系统下载的重庆市接受抗病毒治疗患者的基本信息和随访数据,建立重复测量资料的两水平生长模型,拟合CD4+T细胞计数随治疗时间变化情况并分析其影响因素。结果 共纳入8 991例研究对象。基线、治疗6个月和18个月后T细胞计数均值分别为（194.23±123.72）个/mm3、（303.87±159.08）个/mm3和（355.52±174.78）个/mm3。两水平模型拟合结果显示,治疗时间、性别、入组年龄、基线T细胞计数、感染途径、婚姻状况、世界卫生组织临床分期、是否有艾滋病相关症状或体征等方面均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。结论 重庆市抗病毒治疗免疫重建效果明显,及早发现HIV感染者并及时纳入治疗能有效提高免疫重建的治疗成效。     

高灵敏度焦磷酸测序平台的建立及应用研究

焦测序技术是一种基于生物发光法测定焦磷酸盐的测序技术,在进行DNA序列分析时不需要电泳和荧光标记,定量性能好,结果准确,可实现自动化。但其应用过程中存在3个技术瓶颈：一是测序试剂灵敏度低、成本高;二是测定仪器价格昂贵;三是测序模板制备过程繁琐。本课题组针对这些技术瓶颈,提出了一整套解决方案,包括高灵敏度焦测序反应试剂的研制、小型便携式焦测序仪的研制、测序模板的制备方法研究等。建立的高灵敏度微型化焦测序平台在分子诊断的各个领域得到了充分的应用,如细菌病毒转基因成分等的序列测定、单核苷酸多态性测定、拷贝数变异测定、基因突变位点测定、microRNA测定、基因表达量测定和药物基因组学研究,具有测序灵敏度高、仪器体积小、成本低、操作简便快速等优点,应用前景广阔。本文详细介绍了本课题组在提高焦磷酸测序反应灵敏度、简化测序过程、改进测序仪器和拓展焦磷酸测序应用范畴所做的系列创新性工作。