Repeated short periods of regional myocardial ischemia: effect on local function and high energy phosphate levels

Summary The effect of recurrent periods of ischemia on the myocardium was investigated in 15 open-chest dogs. Ischemia was produced by 3 minutes of proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Each occlusion was followed by reperfusion of 3 minutes duration. Forty occlusions with a total of 120 minutes of ischemia were performed, and regional function (sonomicrometry) as well as high energy phosphates (needle biopsies) were determined at the end of the 5th, 20th, and 40th period of ischemia and reperfusion. The first periods of ischemia had a cumulative effect both on regional postischemic function (44% and 59% respectively of preischemic control after 20 occlusions) and on the ATP content, but with increasing number of occlusions the additive effects became smaller (ATP reduction/mol/gww/per occlusion). The ATP breakdown per occlusion was diminished with increasing number of periods of ischemia, and no significant adenosine was measured in the ischemic myocardium. Higher than normal postischemic creatine phosphate levels (9.1 mol/g w w at the 40th reperfusion vs. 6.7 mol/gw w control) indicated a functioning oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of an ATP utilization problem at the sarcomere level, because indicators of the cellular energy level (energy charge, free energy change of ATP hydrolysis) quickly normalized during reperfusion. Stunned myocardium is therefore not a problem of energy supply but rather of energy utilization. Reduced ATP utilization and regional dysfunction are the expressions of the same cellular defect which resides either in the ATP-splitting contractile apparatus or in the electromechanical coupling. Contractile dysfunction during reperfusion protects the heart against subsequent periods of ischemia because ATP turnover is reduced.Parts of the results were presented at the 57th Sessions of the American Heart Association, Miami, Florida/U.S.A. 1984     

Clinical methods in psychiatric genetics. II. The high risk approach

The study of individuals at "high" risk for developing psychiatric disorders is useful in confirming that a biological trait marker identified in patient populations is also present in genetically susceptible individuals who have never been ill, and predicts the future onset of illness. We outline a systematic method for deciding which variables to choose and how many individuals are required in order for a study to have sufficient power. We demonstrate how these decisions depend on the assumptions that can be made with regard to the mode of inheritance of the biological trait, the relationship of the biological trait to illness, and the magnitude of the mean difference observed between patients and controls. We also quantify the increased power of studying offspring of two affected parents rather than offspring of one affected parent.     

Hyperhidrosis and its surgical treatment

Summary 111 sections of high thoracic sympathectomies in 60 cases suffering from primary palmar hyperhidrosis are reported. Surgical results and postoperative complications are discussed in detail. Complications were few in number and were of a transitory nature. No mortality occurred in our series. Various surgical and nonsurgical procedures of treatment are reviewed. Surgical intervention remains the treatment of ehoice in essential idiopathic hyperhidrosis.     

Methylation and Expression of FTO and PLAG1 Genes in Childhood Obesity: Insight into Anthropometric Parameters and Glucose–Lipid Metabolism

The occurrence of childhood obesity is influenced by both genetic and epigenetic factors. FTO (FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase) is a gene of well-established connection with adiposity, while a protooncogene PLAG1 (PLAG1 zinc finger) has been only recently linked to this condition. We performed a cross-sectional study on a cohort of 16 obese (aged 6.6–17.7) and 10 healthy (aged 11.4–16.9) children. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between methylation and expression of the aforementioned genes and the presence of obesity as well as alterations in anthropometric measurements (including waist circumference (WC), body fat (BF_kg) and body fat percent (BF_%)), metabolic parameters (lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin levels, presence of insulin resistance) and blood pressure. Expression and methylation were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using a microarray technique and a method based on restriction enzymes, respectively. Multiple regression models were constructed to adjust for the possible influence of age and sex on the investigated associations. We showed significantly increased expression of the FTO gene in obese children and in patients with documented insulin resistance. Higher FTO expression was also associated with an increase in WC, BF_kg, and BF_% as well as higher fasting concentration of free fatty acids (FFA). FTO methylation correlated positively with WC and BF_kg. Increase in PLAG1 expression was associated with higher BF%. Our results indicate that the FTO gene is likely to play an important role in the development of childhood adiposity together with coexisting impairment of glucose-lipid metabolism.     

进展期胃癌多药耐药基因表达的临床意义

目的 探讨多药耐药基因（MDR1基因）在人胃癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理的关系。方法 采用逆转录－多聚酶链反应（RT－PCR）法检测了215例手术切除的进展期胃癌组织中的MDR1基因的表达。实验数据采用SAS软件中的χ^2检验和Fisher’s exact P做统计学处理。结果 MDRI基因的阳性率为31．63％（68／215）,与年龄、性别、组织学类型、分化程度、淋巴结转移、Borromann分型及TNM分期等无关,但在分化差的肿瘤中有增高趋势,如黏液腺癌及印戒细胞癌中达41．67％及50．00％。结论 化疗前胃癌组织中MDRI基因即存在较高的表达率,这为选用化疗药物和MDR逆转剂提供了参考指标,但不能作为制定化疗方案的唯一指标。     

含双酚—A和杂环结构的聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

用苯酚、苯酐和水合肼合成了4-（4-羟苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘酮-1,并与双酚-A和二苯甲酮聚合,得到含双酚-A和杂环结构的聚醚酮聚合物。用FT-IR、^13C-NMR、DSC、TGA和DMA等方法对聚合物进行了表征。结果表明,这种可溶性的非晶态聚合物有较高的Tg和很高的耐热温度,Tg随聚合物的组成不同而变化（158-224℃）,5%热失重温度为444-541℃。     

端粒酶及nm23的表达与胃腺癌预后的关系探讨

目的 :探讨端粒酶和nm2 3癌基因蛋白表达与胃癌根治术后复发及预后的关系。方法 :采用端粒酶原位分子杂交技术及免疫组化S P法分别对 4 5例原发性胃腺癌组织中端粒酶的活性及nm2 3进行检测 ,并结合内镜及随访资料进行分析。结果 :胃腺癌端粒酶阳性表达率及nm2 3低表达率在有淋巴结转移组显著高于无淋巴结转移组 ;在术后 5年内复发者中显著高于无复发者。虽然随着胃腺癌分化程度的降低及浸润深度的增加 ,端粒酶活性及nm2 3低表达呈增强趋势 ,但其差异无统计学意义。结论 :胃腺癌组织中端粒酶的活性表达及nm2 3的低表达与淋巴结转移及术后复发显著相关 ,两者的表达变化对判断胃癌术后复发及预后判断有重要临床意义     

长沙市初中生网络成瘾的心理社会因素调查

目的:调查长沙市初中生网络成瘾的发生率,探讨家庭和学校环境、应付方式对中学生网络成瘾的影响。方法:对长沙市的552名初中生进行问卷调查,应用Young网络成瘾诊断量表、家庭关怀度量表、学校满意度量表、应付方式问卷、焦虑、抑郁自评量表进行评估。结果:①580名初中生中,网络成瘾者38人(男生30人,女生8人),网络成瘾的发生率为6.55%。②网络成瘾与未成瘾学生在对学校和家庭满意度、应付方式方面有显著性差异(P<0.05)。③网络成瘾学生的焦虑、抑郁总分均显著高于未成瘾学生(P<0.05)。结论:感觉不到家庭的关怀、对学校生活不满意,焦虑、抑郁严重,遇到应激事件时采用消极的应对方式的初中生容易发生网络成瘾。     

多发性骨髓瘤负性相关基因DAZAP2蛋白高效表达和纯化

目的在前期的研究中，DAZAP2基因在多发性骨髓瘤（Multiple myeloma，MM）患者中表达明显下调，可能为MM的负性基因．须进一步获得DAZAP2蛋白，制备抗体，从而在蛋白水平上研究DAZAP2的表达、结构和功能．方法将原核重组质粒pQE30－DAZAP2转化大肠杆菌，阳性菌株经1 mmol／LIPTG诱导表达目的蛋白，再经过纯化和透析结果IPTG诱导4hr时，得到大量重组目的蛋白，占可溶蛋白的20％左右，经过Ni—NTA层析柱纯化。获得分子量为17kD的DAZAP2蛋白浓度为0．97mg／m1．结论DAZAP2蛋白获得高效表达，并且建立快速简便的纯化方法，目的蛋白可以用于下一步的实验．