Effect of high-fat diet on glucose homeostasis and gene expression in glucokinase knockout mice

Aim: We have generated a heterozygous glucokinase knockout mouse (gk^del/wt), upon which we investigated the effect of high‐fat diet (HFD) with respect to metabolic control and both hepatic and β‐cell gene expression. We also investigated the in vitro efficacy of a glucokinase activator (GKA) on glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in gk^del/wtmouse islets. Methods: Male gk^del/wtand gk^wt/wtmice were grouped (n = 8–10) at 10 weeks of age and fed HFD or chow diet (CD) for 10 weeks. Multiple parameters including blood glucose, plasma insulin and glucose tolerance were assessed. Further animal groups were used for in vitro GSIS and islet and liver gene expression analysis. Results and Conclusions: gk^del/wtmice showed early‐onset persistent hyperglycaemia, raised glycated haemoglobin levels, impaired GSIS and glucose tolerance but no change in plasma cholesterol, non‐esterified fatty acids or triglyceride levels. After HFD feeding, insulin levels of gk^del/wtmice were less than half that of gk^wt/wtmice, although they were equivalent to gk^wt/wtmice on CD. While gk^wt/wtmice maintained moderate hyperglycaemia, gk^del/wtmice became overtly diabetic, with worsened glucose tolerance. A GKA (GKA50) increased GSIS, at 10 mM glucose, in gk^del/wtmice to an extent at least as great as that seen in gk^wt/wtmice on both CD and HFD. gk^del/wtmice showed only a small number of changes in gene expression compared with gk^wt/wtmice. We propose the high fat–fed gk^del/wtmouse as a model of type 2 diabetes and report retained efficacy of a GKA on in vitro GSIS.     

Significance of IgG4-positive cells in severe eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis

Background

IgG4 production is regulated by type 2 (IL-4 and IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We sought to determine the pathophysiological characteristics of IgG4-positive cells in sinonasal tissues in CRS, especially eosinophilic CRS (ECRS).

Presence,distribution, and pharmacological effects of neuropeptide Y in mammalian gastrointestinal tract

The quantitative distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity has been determined along the length of the gastrointestinal tract in three mammalian species; rat, pig, and guinea pig. The peptide was shown to be present in all regions studied and in all three species. Exceptionally high concentrations were found in the region of the lower esophageal sphincter. Pretreatment of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine depleted NPY concentrations by 30–40%, indicating that NPY is colocalized in part with adrenergic nerves. Characterization of the NPY immunoreactivity by high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed a single major peak. NPY immunoreactivity derived from rat extracts eluted consistently earlier from the column than synthetic porcine standard, indicating minor species differences. Pharmacological studies using longitudinal muscle from guinea pig terminal ileum demonstrated that NPY caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the electrically stimulated, neurally mediated contraction of longitudinal smooth muscle. This suggested that NPY may act presynaptically to inhibit cholinergic transmission. The effects of various NPY fragments were also tested on the same preparation. The C-terminal fragments were active but were considerably less potent than NPY, while the free acid form of NPY and N-terminal fragment (1–19) were completely inactive. Thus, this study has demonstrated the presence of NPY in the gastrointestinal tract of various species, particularly within the lower esophageal sphincter. The pharmacological actions of the peptide suggest a role in the control of nonvascular smooth muscle tone.     

Metabolic syndrome and associated factors among psychiatric patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital,South West Ethiopia

Background

Metabolic syndrome is a multisystem disorder which coined to describe the recognized clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abnormalities of glucose homeostasis.

上海市闵行区建立高危儿全身运动评估网络效果评价

目的 对闵行区建立的社区卫生服务中心、闵行区妇幼保健院、复旦大学附属儿科医院三位一体高危儿全身运动(general movements ,GMs)评估网络的效果进行评价。方法 利用闵行区区域卫生信息平台开发应用模块,统一收集GMs评估数据。结果 5年间GMs评估技术为闵行区11 710名高危儿童进行了GMs评估,评估覆盖率从19.39%上升到了80.58%。扭动运动阶段和不安运动阶段的异常结果平均发现率相接近(0.37%、0.57%),两者差异无统计学意义,而可疑结果平均发现率(25.49%、2.4%)差异有统计学意义。5年间不安运动阶段的康复干预率从13.04%上升到53.26%,扭动运动阶段的康复干预率低于不安运动阶段。结论 通过社区卫生服务中心、闵行区妇幼保健院、复旦大学附属儿科医院三位一体建立的高危儿GMs评估工作网络促进了社区婴幼儿神经运动行为发育早期筛检、干预工作。     

高危新生儿扭动运动阶段与婴儿痉挛的相关性研究

目的 探讨高危新生儿扭动运动阶段与婴儿痉挛的相关性, 为临床诊治提供有效参考。方法 对178例在康复科随访的高危新生儿, 在扭动运动阶段进行全身运动质量评估, 在12月龄(纠正年龄)后对于发生婴儿痉挛的患儿进行统计分析。结果 扭动运动阶段痉挛-同步性运动对于婴儿痉挛有预测性。运动形式具有痉挛同步运动特征的患儿的婴儿痉挛的发病率与单调性全身运动的婴儿相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。痉挛-同步性运动对于婴儿痉挛的预测敏感度90.9%, 特异度96.8%, 阳性预测值80%, 阴性预测值98.7%。结论 扭动运动阶段痉挛-同步性运动对于婴儿痉挛有一定的预测价值, 该种运动形式的患儿, 应定期进行动态脑电图检查。     

116所军队三级医院官方网站建设调查

目的通过分析116所全国各地区军队三级医院网站建设情况,提出加强网站建设质量对策。方法拟制调查问卷,使用搜索引擎检索直接访问医院主页进行定性评价,对评价结果进行统计分析。结果存在建站率低、互动性滞后、可信度不高、缺乏信息维护和推广机制、布局和功能设计与实际需求脱节等问题。结论认识网站重要作用,提升网站建设水平;增强交互性内容,实现人性化功能服务;规范信息维护机制,保证信息有效准确;充实网站平台内涵,突出专科特色优势;以信息需求为根本,构建主动服务模式。     

医院文化品牌建设探索与实践

本文分析我国医院文化建设普遍存在的问题,阐述医院文化品牌建设的必要性、紧迫性;介绍我院在行为文化、制度文化、精神文化、环境文化、科技文化、创新文化建设方面的做法;结合医院文化建设的实践,提出构建和谐医患关系、提升医院核心竞争力,应加强医院文化品牌建设。     

浅谈影响医院建筑未来发展的因素

文章从“两性三化”即安全性、灵活性、人性化、智能化、生态化5个因素出发,分别介绍了各个因素对医院建筑未来发展的影响,建议加强趋势研究,促进医院建筑的合理性。