异种移植建立的大鼠腹主动脉瘤形态学特征

目的: 建立和鉴定一种新型腹主动脉瘤动物模型, 为腹主动脉瘤的进一步研究提供基础。方法: 选取豚鼠肾下腹主动脉组织1 cm, 正位替换SD大鼠同长度腹主动脉; SD大鼠腹主动脉原位离断后吻合分别作为对照。分别于术后4周动态观测和比较移植腹主动脉直径、腔面积等形态学变化; 计算机图像技术半定量分析弹力纤维、胶原纤维及平滑肌变化。结果: 存活受体中88%移植腹部主动脉血流通畅, 无移植物或吻合口狭窄, 无腔内血栓形成。4周内, 异种移植组腹主动脉直径随时间延长逐渐扩张, 与对照组有显著差异; 腹主动脉扩张率与弹力蛋白、中膜平滑肌变化呈现显著负相关。结论: 免疫炎症损伤介导的豚鼠-SD大鼠异种移植腹主动脉瘤是一稳定可靠的动物模型。     

腱细胞与人工材料体外联合培养的形态学观察

目的：为了探索肌腱细胞与人工材料是否有可能复合形成新型有活性的人工肌腱，特设计了本项研究。方法：取第４代腱细胞，复苏后分别加入碳纤维编织带、涤纶编织带及几丁质编织带联合培养，在倒置显微镜及透射电镜下观察形态学改变及细胞与材料的相容性。结果：腱细胞与碳纤维有良好的相容性。腱细胞沿碳纤维生长、繁殖，并合成胶原。腱细胞与涤纶的相容性较差，在几丁质上无细胞附着。结论：腱细胞与碳纤维联合培养后，保持了腱细胞的形态特征，与碳纤维的相容性最好。有可能成为一种新型有活性的人工肌腱材料     

不同方法保存猪软骨异种移植的实验研究

为了探索不同方法保存猪肩胛软骨对异种移植的影响，为临床应用提供科学依据。采用４种方法保存猪肩胛软骨，并按保存方法及保存时间分７组移植到日本大耳白兔背部皮下，每组５只动物，共３５只进行观察比较。①γ－射线辐射处理，４℃保存３个月为Ａ组，１个月为Ｂ组；②　（戊二醛）＝０．５％磷酸缓冲液浸泡，４℃保存３个月为Ｃ组，１个月为Ｄ组；③深低温－８０℃保存３个月为Ｅ组，１个月为Ｆ组；④新鲜软骨为Ｇ组。移植术后每周１次活体检查软骨位置及大小，术后１周、１个月、３个月、６个月，每只动物取一块软骨行大体标本和光学显微镜观察，术后６个月取软骨标本行电子显微镜观察。实验结果显示：　（戊二醛）＝０．５％浸泡、γ－射线辐射处理可降低软骨抗原性，４℃保存时间≤１个月为最佳保存时间，按软骨被吸收卒大小，依次为Ｅ、Ｆ、Ａ、Ｂ、Ｇ、Ｃ、Ｄ组。结果提示：①猪肩胛软骨可作为异种移植代用材料的最佳供体之一；②猪肩胛软骨异种移植到家兔皮下，可长期存留６个月；③本实验４种猪软骨保存方法相比较，按异种移植后软骨抗原性降低和被吸收、变形程度轻重，以　（戊二醛）＝０．５％磷酸缓冲液浸泡保存方法为最佳条件，γ－射线辐射处理次之；④　（戊二醛）＝０．５％磷酸缓冲     

人类脐带血管修复周围神经损伤的临床疗效观察

以人类新生儿脐带血管（ＨＵＶ）为桥接物移植修复陈旧性周围神经损伤１２例，缺损１．５～７．０ｃｍ的神经１５条。术后随访２３～４７个月。结果显示，所有病人均有明显的肢体功能恢复，尤以感觉功能的恢复较好；优良率达８３％。未见免疫排斥反应和其它副作用。表明ＨＵＶ能有效地引导神经再生。本法桥接缺损在３ｃｍ以内的神经损伤效果尤佳。     

A general measles vaccination campaign in urban Guinea-Bissau: Comparing child mortality among participants and non-participants

BackgroundMeasles vaccination campaigns targeting children aged 9–59 months are conducted every three years in Guinea-Bissau. Studies have demonstrated beneficial non-specific effects of measles vaccine. We compared mortality one year after the December 2012 measles vaccination campaign in Bissau city for children who received campaign measles vaccine with children who did not receive campaign measles vaccine.MethodsField workers from Bandim Health Project registered all children living in the Bandim Health Project’s study area who received measles vaccination at the campaign posts. Children not seen during the campaign were visited at home and campaign participation status was assessed. We compared mortality rates of participants vs. non-participants in Cox regression models.Results5633 children aged 9–59 months (85%) received campaign measles vaccination and 1006 (15%) did not. During the subsequent year 16 children died. Adjusted for background factors, the hazard ratio (HR) comparing measles vaccinated versus unvaccinated was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.10–0.77). The benefit was larger for girls (HR: 0.17 (0.05–0.59)) and for children who had received routine measles vaccine before the campaign (HR: 0.15 (0.04–0.63)).ConclusionsWe found indications of strong beneficial non-specific effects of receiving measles vaccine during the 2012 campaign, especially for girls and children with previous routine measles vaccination. Measles vaccination campaigns may be an effective way of improving child survival.     

人源肿瘤组织异种移植在脑胶质瘤中的应用进展

脑胶质瘤是最常见的中枢神经系统原发性恶性肿瘤,目前治疗的标准方案包括手术切除,其次 是放化疗。但这些积极的治疗方案,患者平均生存期低,因而新的治疗策略显得尤为重要。人源肿瘤组织异 种移植（PDX）模型保存肿瘤细胞的原始微环境,继承原发肿瘤的所有分子生物学特性并保留肿瘤异质性, 更接近人体内环境。因此在基础医学研究领域存在较高的研究价值。该文就PDX 模型的复制、PDX 模型在 脑胶质瘤中的应用及其相关研究进展、PDX 模型的局限性和展望进行综述。     

The effect of early measles vaccination on morbidity and growth: A randomised trial from Guinea-Bissau

BackgroundMeasles vaccine (MV) has beneficial non-specific effects protecting against non-measles infections in some situations. Within a trial of the effect of MV on mortality, we assessed effects of early MV on the secondary outcomes consultations and growth, overall, and by sex and exposure to campaigns with oral polio vaccine (OPV).Materials and methodsChildren were randomly assigned to MV at 4.5 + 9 months or MV at 9 months as recommended. At enrolment and 9 months children had their mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) and weight measured. Consultations (out/inpatient) were registered at monthly home visits. Weight-for-age and MUAC-for-age Z-scores were obtained using the WHO growth reference and compared by group in linear regression models. Consultation rates between enrolment and 9 months were compared in Cox proportional hazards models, providing consultation Hazard Ratios (HRs) for early MV versus no early MV. We tested whether the effect of early MV was modified by OPV campaigns by splitting observation time at exposure to OPV campaigns.ResultsAmong 3548 children enrolled between 2012 and 2015, early MV had no effect on MUAC-for-age (mean difference comparing early MV vs. no MV −0.01, 95% CI −0.06–0.04), weight-for-age (mean difference −0.03, 95% CI −0.07–0.02) or rates of consultations (HR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.92–1.16). The rate of consultations for children enrolled was lower after exposure to OPV campaigns (HR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.92). The effect of MV differed before exposure to OPV campaigns (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.98–1.29) and after OPV campaigns (HR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.67–1.03) (test for interaction: p = 0.03). Associations did not differ by sex.ConclusionEarly MV had no overall effect on consultation rates and growth between enrolment and 9 months of age. However, early MV tended to have beneficial effects for children subsequently exposed to OPV campaigns. As beneficial effects were observed in subgroups, the results should be interpreted with caution.Clinical trials registration: NCT01644721.     

胎猪皮肤前体组织异种移植研究

目的 系统筛选猪胚胎皮肤前体组织异种移植的最佳妊娠时间窗,了解其创面修复能力. 方法 取胎龄35、42、56、70 d的胎猪皮肤前体组织,制成微粒后移植于BABL/c裸鼠背部创面,以整形患者术后剩余皮肤或者成年猪皮覆盖.观察术后移植物生长发育特性,并于移植后6、12周取材,用组织学方法观察其形态结构及成瘤性. 结果 胎猪皮肤前体组织移植后具有如下特点:(1)能成活并继续生长发育,微粒可融合成片;胎龄35、42、56、70 d的前体组织移植后12周,新生组织面积分别为(18±8)、(47±6)、(31±12)、(20±8)mm2,其中胎龄42 d的组织与其余三者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)新生(猪)皮肤组织具有表皮层和真皮层,真皮乳头明显.(3)能生长成为具有毛发、皮脂腺及汗腺等皮肤附属器的"完整"皮肤,且表皮层有黑索细胞.(4)胎龄56、70 d的胎猪皮肤前体组织移植后未出现畸胎瘤. 结论 胎龄56 d的胎猪皮肤前体组织可用于异种移植修复皮肤创面.