Heart rate variability during wakefulness as a marker of obstructive sleep apnea severity

Study ObjectivesPatients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exhibit heterogeneous heart rate variability (HRV) during wakefulness and sleep. We investigated the influence of OSA severity on HRV parameters during wakefulness in a large international clinical sample.Methods1247 subjects (426 without OSA and 821 patients with OSA) were enrolled from the Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium. HRV parameters were calculated during a 5-minute wakefulness period with spontaneous breathing prior to the sleep study, using time-domain, frequency-domain and nonlinear methods. Differences in HRV were evaluated among groups using analysis of covariance, controlling for relevant covariates.ResultsPatients with OSA showed significantly lower time-domain variations and less complexity of heartbeats compared to individuals without OSA. Those with severe OSA had remarkably reduced HRV compared to all other groups. Compared to non-OSA patients, those with severe OSA had lower HRV based on SDNN (adjusted mean: 37.4 vs. 46.2 ms; p < 0.0001), RMSSD (21.5 vs. 27.9 ms; p < 0.0001), ShanEn (1.83 vs. 2.01; p < 0.0001), and Forbword (36.7 vs. 33.0; p = 0.0001). While no differences were found in frequency-domain measures overall, among obese patients there was a shift to sympathetic dominance in severe OSA, with a higher LF/HF ratio compared to obese non-OSA patients (4.2 vs. 2.7; p = 0.009).ConclusionsTime-domain and nonlinear HRV measures during wakefulness are associated with OSA severity, with severe patients having remarkably reduced and less complex HRV. Frequency-domain measures show a shift to sympathetic dominance only in obese OSA patients. Thus, HRV during wakefulness could provide additional information about cardiovascular physiology in OSA patients.Clinical Trial Information: A Prospective Observational Cohort to Study the Genetics of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Associated Co-Morbidities (German Clinical Trials Register - DKRS, DRKS00003966) https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00003966     

功能性单心室全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术后管理

目的:探讨全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术(total cavopulmonany correction,TCPC)治疗功能性单心室的术后管理经验。方法:2012年1月~2013年6月我院共行TCPC手术60(男43,女17)例;年龄(5.5±1.7)岁,体质量(18±4)kg。术前脉搏血氧饱和度(80±7)%,血色素(181±17)g/L。术前射血分数(EF)(64±7)%,平均肺动脉指数(371±234)mm2/m2,Mcgoon比(2.2±0.7),术前平均肺动脉压(12±4)mm Hg。60例患者均在全身麻醉、体外循环并行辅助下手术,5例因同期行心内畸形矫治需阻断主动脉。心外管道为直径18~22 mm Gore-tex血管,术毕开窗25例(42%)。为保证患者术后顺利恢复,治疗方面必须注意以下几点:1降低肺血管阻力。2保证足够的容量负荷。3增加心肌收缩力。4控制心律失常。5妥善处理胸腔积液。6术后常规抗凝。结果:患者住院期间有2例(3%)死亡。55例并行循环手术患者体外循环时间(112±52)min。5例患者需要停循环修补心内畸形,主动脉阻断时间30~52 min。呼吸机使用时间(19±6)h。术后住ICU时间(5.1±2.1)d。术后胸液引流时间(15±12)d。术后住院天数(24±12)d。本组患者术后10例出现低心排综合征。5例出现急性肾功能衰竭,行腹膜透析或血液滤过治疗,其中2例死亡,余治愈出院。20例出现顽固性胸腔积液(胸引时间大于2周),25例乳糜试验阳性,1例患儿出现蛋白丢失性肠病,最终并发肺部感染死亡。4例术后出现心律失常,心律表现为短阵房性心动过速,交界性心动过速等,其中1例难以矫治的室上性心动过速导致低心排、多脏器衰竭、死亡。10例并发术后肺部感染。所有存活患儿术后腔静脉压力下降明显[(12±4)mm Hg vs.(9±3)mm Hg,P0.05],氧饱和度改善明显[(80±7)%vs.(97±4)%,P0.01],血色素恢复正常[(181±17)g/L vs.(125±29)g/L,P0.01]。结论:根据TCPC术后病理生理的改变,制定合理的治疗方案,可提高TCPC术后成功率和减少术后并发症。     

围产期子痫前期B型钠尿肽与肌酸激酶MB同工酶的对照分析

目的研究B型钠尿肽(BNP)与肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)在围产期子痫前期病情评估中的作用。方法回顾性分析82例孕妇临床资料,其中健康孕妇25例(A组)、轻度子痫前期患者18例(B组),未并发肺水肿的重度子痫前期患者22例(C组),并发心力衰竭肺水肿重度子痫前期患者17例(D组),检测产前6h内(T0)及产后6h内(T1)、产后24～36h内(T2)所测BNP、CK-MB浓度,并进行统计学分析。结果在T1时C组患者的BNP、CK-MB均高于A组和B组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=6.50、6.54、3.73、2.46,P均<0.05);而D组患者较C组更高,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=7.38、3.69,P均<0.05)。线性相关性分析显示:C、D组T1时的CK-MB与BNP之间呈正相关(r分别=0.70、0.85、P均<0.05)。在T0时,D组患者的BNP、CK-MB均高于C组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=11.61、3.43,P均<0.05),C组患者的BNP均高于A组和B组,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=6.99、6.60,P均<0.05),但A、B、C组间的CK-MB比较,差异均无统计学意义(t分别=0.47、1.30、0.74,P均>0.05)。结论 BNP及CK-MB可用于围产期子痫前期患者的病情评估,BNP的敏感性更优于CK-MB。     

基于中医五行相生理论探讨心悸的治疗

随着人们生活节奏的加快及不健康的饮食习惯,心血管疾病的发病率也日益增长,如今已成为威胁人类健康的主要杀手之一。文章通过中医的五行理论及脏腑理论,探讨心血管疾病中的高发疾病心悸。     

Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Diseases

Thyroid hormone (TH) receptors are present in the myocardium and vascular tissue, and minor alterations in TH concentration can affect cardiovascular (CV) physiology. The potential mechanisms that link CV disease with thyroid dysfunction are endothelial dysfunction, changes in blood pressure, myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and dyslipidemia. In addition, cardiac disease itself may lead to alterations in TH concentrations (notably, low triiodothyronine syndrome) that are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Experimental data and small clinical trials have suggested a beneficial role of TH in ameliorating CV disease. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians dealing with CV conditions with an overview of the current knowledge of TH perturbations in CV disease.     

CXC趋化因子受体2及其配体在心血管疾病中的研究进展

CXC趋化因子受体2(CXCR_2)隶属趋化因子家族,其与配体的结合在心血管系统病理、生理各个阶段起重要作用,与高血压、心肌重塑、动脉硬化、腹主动脉瘤等重要疾病密切相关,已成为临床及基础研究的热点。本文就CXCR_2在心血管系统疾病中的研究进展作一综述。     

Siblings with Idiopathic Left Atrial Appendage Ostial Stenosis and Cor Triatriatum

Isolated left atrial appendage (LAA) ostial stenosis is a very rare entity found coincidentally in adults by transesophageal echocardiography. A 3‐month‐old healthy infant was suspected as having cor triatriatum. His brother had a history of surgical treatment of cor triatriatum. A cardiac catheterization revealed a narrowed ostium of the LAA and confirmed the echocardiographic diagnosis of isolated LAA ostial stenosis. This is the first pediatric case of idiopathic LAA ostial stenosis. The siblings called our attention to the differential diagnosis and the etiopathogenesis between LAA ostial stenosis and cor triatriatum.     

硫酸镁联合银杏达莫治疗慢性肺源性心脏病的疗效观察

目的探讨硫酸镁联合银杏达莫治疗慢性肺源性心脏病的疗效。方法将笔者所在医院2011年3月～2012年3月72例慢性肺源性心脏病患者随机分成对照组和治疗组,对照组患者进行常规的抗感染、保持呼吸道通畅、利尿、扩张血管、纠正电解质平衡等治疗;治疗组在对照组的基础上加用硫酸镁和银杏达莫。观察两组患者治疗前后心功能、肺动脉收缩压的改善情况,并进行临床观察分析。结果治疗组的总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论硫酸镁联合银杏达莫治疗慢性肺源性心脏病疗效显著,临床上建议进一步推广运用。