Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation and renin-angiotensin system in the growth restricted fetus

OBJECTIVE: To determine left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (LV IRT) in normally developing and growth restricted fetuses (FGR) as an indicator of fetal cardiac afterload and neonatal systolic blood pressure. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study in 124 normally developing and 47 growth restricted fetuses (FGR). LV IRT, fetal heart rate (FHR) and umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) were determined at 2-3 week intervals starting at 22-26 weeks of gestation until delivery. Renin and angiotensin I levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in umbilical venous blood after delivery. Systolic blood pressure was measured at day 1 and day 5 of postnatal life. To evaluate the association between LV IRT, gestational age and FHR, bivariate regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Mean LV IRT (62+/-8ms) was 29 percent longer in FGR as compared to the normal subset (47+/-6ms) at all gestational ages (p<0.001). Mean postnatal active plasma renin level (7.78+/-S.D. 1.03ng/ml) and postnatal angiotensin I level (4.21+/-0.70ng/ml) in the FGR subset were significantly higher (p<0.001) than in the normal subset (4.81+/-1.04ng/ml, renin and 2.69+/-0.44ng/ml, angiotensin I). There was a significant difference (p<0.01) in systolic blood pressure between the two subsets on postnatal day 1 (FGR 52+/-6mmHg vs. normal 46+/-4mmHg) and day 5 (FGR 76+/-5mmHg vs. normal 60+/-6mmHg). CONCLUSION: Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time may act as a sensitive index of increased arterial afterload in the growth retarded fetus and may herald raised systolic blood pressure in the early neonatal period.     

马齿苋乙醇提取物和水提取物对小鼠出血时间和耐缺氧存活时间的影响

[目的]探讨马齿苋乙醇提取物和水提取物对小鼠出血时间和耐缺氧作用的影响.[方法]采用小鼠断尾法测定小鼠的出血时间,应用常压耐缺氧法测定耐缺氧存活时间.[结果]马齿苋乙醇提取物和水提取物均延长小鼠出血时间;马齿苋乙醇提取物中、大剂量组和马齿苋水提取物大剂量组小鼠缺氧存活时间均明显延长.[结论]马齿苋乙醇提取物和水提取物均具有延长小鼠出血时间和耐缺氧存活时间的作用.     

苯肾上腺素对顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间及插管条件的影响

目的探讨苯肾上腺素对顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵麻醉诱导时起效时间及插管条件的影响。方法 66例病人随机分成2组,苯肾上腺素组（P组,33例）和生理盐水组（S组,33例）。麻醉诱导采用咪唑安定0.1 mg/kg,丙泊酚2 mg/kg,芬太尼2μg/kg,P组病人诱导后给予苯肾上腺素0.9μg/kg,30 s后给予顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.1 mg/kg;S组则以同容量的生理盐水代替苯肾上腺素,其余相同。采用TOF-Watch肌肉加速度仪监测肌松。记录肌松药的起效时间、气管插管条件评分。结果 P组病人的起效时间为（5.7±1.8）min,S组病人的起效时间为（5.4±1.3）min,差异无显著性（P=0.084）。气管插管条件评分两组差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论苯肾上腺素不能改善插管条件,也不能延长顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间。     

Discovery of a High Affinity Adenosine A1/A3 Receptor Antagonist with a Novel 7-Amino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine Scaffold

Here we describe the design and synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazines as adenosine receptor (AR) ligands. We demonstrate that the introduction of a 3-phenyl group, together with a 7-benzylamino and 1-methyl group at the pyrazolopyridazine scaffold, generated the antagonist compound 10b, which displayed 21 nM affinity and a residence time of ∼60 min, for the human A₁R, 55 nM affinity and a residence time of ∼73 min, for the human A₃R and 1.7 μΜ affinity for the human A_2BR while not being toxic. Strikingly, the 2-methyl analog of 10b, 15b, had no significant affinity. Docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations of the ligands inside the orthosteric binding area suggested that the 2-methyl group in 15b hinders the formation of hydrogen bonding interactions with N^6.55 which are considered critical for the stabilization inside the orthosteric binding cavity. We, therefore, demonstrate that 10a is a novel scaffold for the development of high affinity AR ligands. From the mutagenesis experiments the biggest effect was observed for the Y271^7.46A mutation which caused an ∼10-fold reduction in the binding affinity of 10b.     

‘A Theory of the Allocation of Time’ Turns Fifty: Its Impact on the Field of Health Economics

The year 2015 is the 50th anniversary of the publication of ‘A Theory of the Allocation of Time,’ by Gary S. Becker in the 1965 volume of The Economic Journal. To mark that occasion, this editorial focuses on the importance of that paper in the history and evolution of the field of health economics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Algorithm for Determining Time Series of Phase Transformations in the Solid State Using Long-Short-Term Memory Neural Network

In the numerical analysis of manufacturing processes of metal parts, many material properties depending on, for example, the temperature or stress state, must be taken into account. Often these data are dependent on the temperature changes over time. Strongly non-linear material property relationships are usually represented using diagrams. In numerical calculations, these diagrams are analyzed in order to take into account the coupling between the properties. An example of these types of material properties is the dependence of the kinetics of phase transformations in the solid state on the rate and history of temperature change. In literature, these data are visualized Continuous Heating Transformation (CHT) and Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) diagrams. Therefore, it can be concluded that time series analysis is important in numerical modeling. This analysis can also be performed using neural networks. This work presents a new approach to storing and analyzing the data contained in the discussed CCT diagrams. The application of Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks and their architecture to determine the correct values of phase fractions depending on the history of temperature change was analyzed. Moreover, an area of research was elements that determine what type of information should be stored by LSTM network coefficients, e.g., whether the network should store information about changes of single phase transformations, or whether it would be better to extract data from differences between several networks with similar architecture. The purpose of the studied network is strongly different from typical applications of artificial neural networks. The main goal of the network was to store information (even by overfitting the network) rather than some form of generalization that allows computation for unknown cases. Therefore, the authors primarily investigated in the ability of the layer-based LSTM network to store nonlinear time series data. The analyses presented in this paper are an extension of the issues presented in the paper entitled “Model of the Austenite Decomposition during Cooling of the Medium Carbon Steel Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Network”.     

Using measures of reading time regularity (RTR) to quantify eye movement dynamics,and how they are shaped by linguistic information

In this article, we present the concept of reading time regularity (RTR) as a measure to capture reading process dynamics. The first study is concerned with examining one of the assumptions of RTR, namely, that process measures of reading, such as eye movement fluctuations and fixation durations, exhibit higher regularity when contingent on sequentially structured information, such as texts. To test this, eye movements of 26 German native speakers were recorded during reading-unrelated and reading-related tasks. To analyze the data, we used recurrence quantification analysis and sample entropy analysis to quantify the degree of temporal structure in time series of gaze steps and fixation durations. The results showed that eye movements become more regular in reading compared to nonreading conditions. These effects were most prominent when calculated on the basis of gaze step data. In a second study, eye movements of 27 native speakers of German were recorded for five conditions with increasing linguistic information. The results replicate the findings of the first study, verifying that these effects are not due to mere differences in task instructions between conditions. Implications for the concept of RTR and for future studies using these metrics in reading research are discussed.     

航天警戒作业模拟及脑力负荷评价系统的设计与实现

研制了一套用于中国航天员心理、生理状态检测及评价的应用系统。该系统使用2台计算机,合同完成模拟航天警戒任务状态下多项心理指标的检测与评价以及不同心理刺激条件下自发脑电和诱发脑电的检测与处理功能。用于研究通过听觉、视觉等模拟刺激通道在不同应激条件和工作负荷下,人员的生理和心理状态、工作绩效的变化及评价方法,研究绩效评价方面新的综合方法与指标,还可用于心理负荷能力训练,提高心理负荷能力和工作绩效水平。     

利用LIS监管及优化检验流程

本文利用条形码技术建立＂无纸化＂检验流程,设置流程监控节点,用实验室信息系统（LIS）的回报时间（TAT）分析功能对流程进行评测。研究显示LIS可以有效地对检验流程进行监管和优化。