麦角甾酮对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤及肠道菌群群落组成的影响

目的 研究麦角甾酮对酒精引起的小鼠急性肝损伤的作用及其对肠道菌群群落组成的影响。方法 将C57BL/6小鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、甘草酸二铵组（60 mg·kg^-1）、麦角甾酮低剂量组（30 mg·kg^-1）、麦角甾酮高剂量组（60 mg·kg^-1）,每组10只。除空白组、模型组外,其余组按相应剂量灌胃10 d。第9~10天,除空白组外,其余各组均以每剂量12 h的间隔灌胃2剂50%酒精（10 mL·kg^-1）诱导造模。ELISA检测血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）和肝脏中的谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、前白蛋白（PA）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的水平,苏木精-伊红染色法观察肝组织病理变化,并使用16S rRNA基因测序分析技术分析麦角甾酮对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果 麦角甾酮可显著降低小鼠血清中AST、γ-GT和肝组织中ALT、MDA的水平,显著升高肝组织中PA和SOD的水平,并可调节酒精引起的肠道菌群中门水平和属水平菌群丰富度的变化。结论 麦角甾酮对小鼠酒精诱导的急性肝损伤具有保护作用,并且可通过调节肠道菌群来改善肝损伤。     

制药用水系统微生物菌群特性分析及培养探讨

制药用水是药品生产过程中应用最广泛的原料和溶剂,大量用于器具、设备设施和系统的清洗、消毒过程等,参与药品的整个生产过程。制药用水是药品微生物污染的主要源头之一,因此制药用水的微生物安全对药品质量至关重要。本文主要介绍制药用水系统微生物菌群及特性,并进行生物膜分析。因制药用水系统中微生物具有寡养、生长缓慢等特性,本文也进一步探讨制药用水微生物检查方法及培养方法,为建立科学合理的微生物检测体系提供参考,也为深入研究难培养微生物的培养提供思路与理论基础。     

The Effect of Breast Milk Microbiota on the Composition of Infant Gut Microbiota: A Cohort Study

Evidence shows that breast milk microbiota and an infant’s gut microbiota are related. This study aimed to compare the effects of breast milk microbiota on the construction and colonization of gut microbiota in newborns. In this study, 23 healthy infants were selected and divided into a breastfeeding group (13) and a mixed feeding group (10) based on the feeding method within one month of age. Infant fecal and breast milk samples were collected on the day of birth (0 day) and 30 days after birth (30 days) for 16S rRNA second-generation sequencing and SCFA detection. The results showed that Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota on day 0 and Firmicutes and Proteobacteria on 30 d dominated breast milk gut microbiota. There were correlations between the breast milk microbiota and the infant gut microbiota in each group (p < 0.05). Additionally, breast milk microbiota correlated more significantly with infants’ SCFAs in the breastfeeding group than in the mixed feeding group. This study showed that breast milk microbiota partially influences the construction of infant gut microbiota, with some key strains having a crucial influence, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Enterobacter. However, the effect of breast milk microbiota on infant gut microbiota is not through direct strain transmission but has been indirectly influenced, which may be related to the cross-feeding effect mediated by SCFAs.     

婴幼儿肠道菌群定植与代谢性疾病易感

生命早期婴幼儿阶段是肠道菌群定植和形成的关键时期,而研究表明,生命早期婴幼儿阶段肠道菌群定植和形成与未来儿童期肥胖发病存在关联;婴幼儿肠道菌群的定植极易受到分娩方式、早产、抗生素的暴露、喂养方式等生命早期因素的影响。了解生命早期影响因素、婴幼儿肠道菌群变化和儿童肥胖发病之间的转归规律,有助于揭示生命早期影响因素与儿童肥胖关联的潜在机制,并可为寻找儿童肥胖的干预靶点和实现早期肥胖防控提供参考依据,为此本文对肠道菌群介导生命早期影响因素致儿童肥胖相关研究进行了系统概述。

     

基于肠道菌群和胃肠激素探讨中医学脾胃论治男性生殖障碍性疾病生物学基础

不育症、阳痿、早泄、前列腺炎等男性生殖障碍性疾病是生育力障碍的重要影响因素。中医学认为肾藏精主生殖,为先天之本,脾胃运化水谷精微,为后天之本,先后天相互资生。本文梳理相关研究,认为脾胃失和引起的男性生殖障碍性疾病,可能与肠道菌群紊乱和胃肠激素异常相关。肠道菌群可通过血脑屏障影响5-羟色胺,参与调控射精和勃起,并通过血睾屏障调控脂代谢,调节阴茎血管内皮,介导炎症反应,参与雄激素代谢,影响睾丸微循环;不同胃肠激素可通过介导睾丸炎症和细胞凋亡,调控睾丸微循环,调节性激素分泌及精子发生等,对睾丸生殖具有保护作用和损伤风险。肠道菌群与胃肠激素可能是中医学脾胃论治男性生殖障碍性疾病的潜在生物学基础。     

Symptomatic palliative care for children with neurodisability

Paediatric palliative care and neurodisability are two relatively new, evolving paediatric sub-specialities that have increasing relevance in the current paediatric landscape. For many people palliative care has been synonymous with end of life care, but in paediatrics it encompasses much more and is for all children with life-threatening or life-limiting conditions, from the point of diagnosis. This breadth of focus is demonstrated well through the interface between paediatric palliative care and paediatric neurodisability. In this article we explore this unique interface through the three domains of complex symptom management, advanced care planning and end of life care. We describe the practicalities involved in all three areas and highlight the importance of early referral and the process of “dual” or “parallel” planning. We cover in more depth the specific management of the symptoms: dystonia/abnormalities of muscle tone, seizures, pain, agitation, secretions, respiratory failure, and gut failure.     

肠道菌群：功能性胃肠病的防治新靶点

功能性胃肠病（FGIDs）是一组无器质性改变但存在消化功能异常的疾病,是消化科门诊中常见疾病之一。在 最新的罗马Ⅳ标准中将功能性肠胃病定义为脑-肠互动异常疾病。肠道菌群在脑-肠互动中发挥重要作用,参与功 能性胃肠病发生的多种病理生理机制。肠道菌群失调主要通过增加肠道渗透及内脏高敏感性、改变肠道动力和激活 免疫反应参与FGIDs症状产生。因此,重塑肠道菌群稳态的策略在治疗FGIDs中显示出一定的前景。     

基因表达谱芯片分析肠缺血-再灌注大鼠肝脏多基因表达的变化

目的：分析正常和肠缺血-再灌注大鼠肝脏多基因表达谱的差异。方法：用cDNA Microarray技术分析1176个巳知基因在正常和肠缺血-再灌注大鼠肝脏表达的变化，并找出差异表达基因。结果：cDNAMicroarray分析数据显示；肠缺血-再灌注大鼠肝脏表达量变化5倍以上的基因有111个，包括上调基因64个，下调基因47个，其中一些基因尚未见与缺血-再灌注损伤相关研究报道。结论：肠缺血-再灌注能引起肝脏多种结构和功能基因表达变化，这种变化可影响全身炎症反应综合征和多器官功能障碍综合征发生和发展过程。     

Developing SCAR markers to study predation on Trialeurodes vaporariorum

DNA markers of Trialeurodes vaporariorum were developed to detect remains of these whitefly in the gut of the predator Dicyphus tamaninii. A 2400-bp DNA fragment of T. vaporariorum, absent in other closely related prey species and in the predator banding pattern, was identified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. After cloning and sequencing this fragment, two pairs of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers were developed, amplifying single bands of 2100 bp and 310 bp, respectively. Detection of T. vaporariorum DNA in the predator gut was only possible using the primers that amplified the shortest fragment. Specificity tests performed with this pair of primers showed the presence of the 310-bp band for T. vaporariorum in all stages.