大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注后银杏叶提取物减轻脑水肿机制的探讨

目的 探讨大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤后银杏叶提取物(EGb761)减轻脑水肿的机制.方法 四血管法制作全脑缺血/再灌注模型的40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、缺血/再灌注组、小剂量EGb761治疗组、中剂量EGb761治疗组和大剂量EGb761治疗组,每组8只;观察脑组织含水量、血清S100B、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量.结果 与缺血/再灌注组相比,EGb761治疗能降低脑组织含水量、血清S100B蛋白和MDA含量,提升血清SOD含量.结论 EGb761可减轻全脑缺血/再灌注损伤后大鼠的脑水肿,其机制可能与血清S100B蛋白含量下降和抗自由基损伤有关,并且呈剂量依赖性.     

羊耳菊水提取物体外抑菌活性研究

目的 探讨羊耳菊不同器官水提取物的体外抑菌活性.方法 以金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌等10种微生物为试验菌株,采用药敏纸片扩散法、试管二倍稀释法,对羊耳菊水提取物进行抑菌试验.结果 羊耳菊全株各器官都具有较强的抑菌作用,其中根对10种供试菌种都有抑制作用,抑制范围最广;茎对9种供试菌种有抑制作用,叶对8种供试菌种有抑制作用.羊耳菊各器官对金黄色葡萄球菌与铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用最强.羊耳菊根、茎、叶对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值分别为15.63,62.5,62.5 mg/ml,而其抑菌圈直径分别为14.3,13.8,13.5 mm;羊耳菊根,茎,叶对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC值分别为15.63,31.25,62.5 mg/ml,其抑菌圈直径分别为15.8,15.5,14.0 mm.结论 羊耳菊水提取物体外试验证实了该民间药物具有抗菌活性,也表明了羊耳菊是一种有开发潜力的新抗菌药物资源.     

Screening of selected food and medicinal plant extracts for pancreatic lipase inhibition

Lipids are important components in human nutrition; however, their increased intake contributes to the development of obesity and can lead to multiple long‐term complications. Pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) is a key enzyme for the absorption of dietary triglycerides. Interference with fat hydrolysis results in the reduced utilization of ingested lipids, therefore inhibition of lipases decreases fat absorption. Extracts from 106 species of medicinal plants, vegetables and fruits were screened for potential lipase inhibitory activity. p‐Nitrophenylpalmitate and 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indoxylpalmitate were used as substrates in an in vitro test with crude porcine pancreatic lipase. Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi), garden pea (Pisum sativum), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and large‐leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos) extracts were the most active. Additionally, the activity of selected extracts with removed polyphenols was measured. Extracts of bearberry, garden pea and large‐leaved lime are a promising source for developing functional foods or isolating active compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interactions of Magnolia and Ziziphus extracts with selected central nervous system receptors

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Magnolia officinalis Rehder and Wilson [Magnoliaceae] bark and Ziziphus spinosa (Buhge) Hu ex. Chen. [Fam. Rhamnaceae] seed have a history of use in traditional Asian medicine for mild anxiety, nervousness and sleep-related problems.

Aim of the study

To identify pharmacological targets, extracts of Magnolia officinalis (ME), Ziziphus spinosa (ZE), and a proprietary fixed combination (MZE) were tested for affinity with central nervous system receptors associated with relaxation and sleep.

Methods

In vitro radioligand binding and cellular functional assays were conducted on: adenosine A₁, dopamine (transporter, D₁, D_2S, D₃, D_4.4 and D₅), serotonin (transporter, 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_1B, 5-HT_4e, 5-HT₆ and 5-HT₇) and the GABA benzodiazepine receptor.

Results

Interactions were demonstrated with the adenosine A₁ receptor, dopamine transporter and dopamine D₅ receptor (antagonist activity), serotonin receptors (5-HT_1B and 5-HT₆ antagonist activity) and the GABA benzodiazepine receptor at a concentration of 100 μg/ml or lower. ME had an affinity with adenosine A₁ (K_i of 9.2 ± 1.1 μg/ml) and potentiated the GABA activated chloride current at the benzodiazepine subunits of the GABA receptor (maximum effect at 50 μg/ml). ME had a modest antagonist action with 5-HT₆ and ZE with the 5-HT_1B receptor.

Conclusion

The interactions in the receptor binding models are consistent with the traditional anxiolytic and sleep-inducing activities of Magnolia officinalis bark and Ziziphus spinosa seed.     

黄精对力竭训练大鼠血清酶活性及某些生化指标的影响

目的:探讨黄精提取物对大强度耐力训练大鼠血清生化指标影响的机制,为黄精提取物作为运动补剂提供实验依据.方法:选取24只大鼠,随机分为安静组,训练组和训练加药组,每组8只.训练组与训练加药组进行3 wk的训练,最后一次训练进行一次性力竭运动,力竭后取血并进行样本处理.测定运动训练大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)活性,血糖(Glu)浓度、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清尿素(BU)、和肌肝糖原含量和大鼠跑台至力竭的时间.结果:训练加药组大鼠血清ALT,AST,LDH,CK活性与训练组相比显著降低(P＜0.05);训练加药组大鼠血清Glu,Hb,肌糖原,肝糖原含量与训练组相比显著升高(P＜0.05).训练加药组大鼠血清BU浓度相对于训练组有极显著的降低(P＜0.05);训练加药组大鼠跑台至力竭的时间与训练组相比显著延长(P＜0.05).结论:黄精提取物可明显延缓大鼠运动疲劳的发生.     

火炭母醇提物对大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的研究火炭母醇提物对大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法采用CCl4诱导大鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察火炭母醇提物对大鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基移换酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基移换酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平的影响。结果火炭母醇提物各剂量组均可抑制急性肝损伤大鼠血清中ALT、AST的活性,降低MDA的水平,升高SOD的活性。结论火炭母醇提物对CCl4致大鼠急性肝损伤具有较好的保护作用。     

山桔叶醇提物抗炎镇痛作用的研究

目的 观察山桔叶醇提物(GPE)对小鼠的抗炎镇痛作用.方法 通过二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、0.6％冰乙酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性、1％角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀及用小鼠棉球肉芽肿法观察GPE的抗炎作用;通过冰乙酸致小鼠扭体反应和热板致小鼠疼痛法观察GPE的镇痛作用.结果 GPE高、中、低剂量均可显著抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的肿胀度、1％角叉菜胶致小鼠的足肿胀、0.7％冰乙酸致小鼠的扭体反应次数;GPE高、低剂量可显著抑制冰乙酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性的增高;GPE高、中剂量均可抑制角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀中PGE2的渗出及小鼠棉球肉芽肿的重量,可增高热板致小鼠疼痛的痛阈值.结论 GPE对小鼠有抗炎镇痛的作用.     

HPLC法测定香附二氧化碳超临界流体萃取物中α型β-香附酮与香附烯酮含量

目的测定香附二氧化碳超临界流体萃取物中α型β香附酮和香附烯酮的含量。方法采用HPLC法。色谱柱:Diamonsil C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇水(体积比为70∶30);流速:0.8 mL.min-1;检测波长:247 nm;柱温:40℃。结果α型β香附酮进样量在20.84~208.4 ng内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为98.4%(RSD=1.83%,n=6);香附烯酮进样量在5.220~52.20 ng内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为99.0%(RSD=2.12%,n=6)。3批供试品中α型β香附酮和香附烯酮含量的质量分数分别为11.96%(RSD=1.22%,n=3)、11.31%(RSD=1.24%,n=3)、11.30%(RSD=0.96%,n=3)和2.23%(RSD=1.62%,n=3)、2.27%(RSD=1.16%,n=3)、2.15%(RSD=1.42%,n=3)。结论HPLC法可同时测定香附二氧化碳超临界流体萃取物中α型β香附酮和香附烯酮的含量;供试品中α型β香附酮和香附烯酮与其他组分的色谱峰分离度良好。     

HPLC法同时测定山楂叶提取物中的7种主要成分

目的同时测定山楂叶提取物中牡荆素葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、牡荆素鼠李糖苷(Ⅱ)、芦丁(Ⅲ)、牡荆素(Ⅳ)、金丝桃苷(Ⅴ)、熊果酸(Ⅵ)和槲皮素(Ⅶ)的含量。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18柱(5μm,4.6×250mm,柱号:880975-902)流动相A为1%冰醋酸水溶液,B为乙腈。梯度洗脱。0~5min,流动相A由95%~90%,B由5%~10%;5~15min,A由90%~80%,B由10%~20%;15~35min,A由80%~0%,B由20%~100%;35~45min,A 0%,B 100%,流速1.0 mL.min-1;检测波长0~20min,检测波长为360nm;20~30min,检测波长为220nm;30~45min,检测波长为360nm,参比波长均为385nm,柱温40℃。结果Ⅰ~Ⅶ的平均加样回收率分别为99.87%、99.86%、101.23%、100.65%、101.58%、101.45%和98.37%,其RSD分别为1.26%、1.28%、1.35%、1.49%、1.32%、1.51%和1.44%(n=6)。结论该方法简便、快速、准确、可靠,可用于山楂叶提取物的质量控制。     

Effects of 3-dimensional Bioprinting Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffold Extract on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

IntroductionAlginate/gelatin hydrogel (Alg-Gel) scaffold has been applied in tissue engineering, but the research on its application in dental tissues regeneration is still lacking. We investigated the effect of this scaffold on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).MethodshDPSCs were cultured in both Alg-Gel and 3D-printed Alg-Gel scaffolds. Cell growth and adhesion were compared using fluorescein isothiocyanate–phalloidin staining and scanning electron microscopic micrographs. Changes in the proliferation in hDPSCs cultured in the complete culture medium containing aqueous extracts of the Alg-Gel or 3D-printed Alg-Gel scaffolds were examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis. Cells were cultured in the mineralization medium containing aqueous extracts of the Alg-Gel or 3D-printed Alg-Gel scaffolds for 7 or 14 days, and the differentiation of cells was shown by alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase staining. The messenger RNA and protein expression of mineralization-related genes were detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Elemental analysis was used to test the material extract composition.ResultsMore cells were grown and adhered to the 3D-printed Alg-Gel scaffolds than the Alg-Gel scaffolds. The aqueous extracts of 3D-printed scaffolds can promote cell proliferation, and compared with Alg-Gel scaffolds, the extracts of 3D-printed scaffolds were more effective. Compared with the negative control group, 3D-printed Alg-Gel scaffold and Alg-Gel scaffold aqueous extracts promoted osteogenic/odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs with the enhanced formation of bone-like nodules and the alkaline phosphatase staining. The expression of mineralization-related genes was also up-regulated. 3D-printed scaffold aqueous extract contained more calcium and phosphorus ions than the Alg-Gel scaffold.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that compared with the Alg-Gel scaffold, 3D-printed Alg-Gel is more suitable for the growth of hDPSCs, and the scaffold extracts can better promote cell proliferation and differentiation.