Effects of TGFbeta1 and extracts from Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe on acute and chronic arthritis in rats

AIM OF THE STUDY: To elucidate the pharmacological activities of deer antler acupuncture and TGF61538;1 on the acute and chronic phases of rheumatoid arthritis diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polyarthritis rats were administered with TGF61538;1 and water extract of deer antler acupunture (DAA), prepared from the pilose antler of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe. TGF61538; (0.1 to 2 61549;g/animal) and DAA (5-100 61549;g/kg animal) were initiated 1 day before an arthritogenic dose of streptococcal cell wall fragments to see the effects on the joint swelling and distortion during the acute phase and the chronic phase of the disease. Arthritic index suppression of rat arthritis model was examined by TGF61538; and DAA administrations. RESULTS: TGF61538;1 and DAA diminished the polyarthritis development in rats. TGF61538; and DAA eliminated the joint swelling and distortion observed during the acute phase and the chronic phase of the disease. The TGF61538; and DAA suppressed the arthritis progress when administration was begun after acute phase of arthritis. DISCUSSION: Consistent with the inhibition of inflammatory cell recruitment into the synovium, TGF61538;1 and DAA reversed the leukocytosis associated with the chronic phase of the arthritis, respectively.     

当归提取液对HaCaT细胞凋亡的影响及其机制

目的研究当归提取液在体外诱导人角质形成细胞株HaCaT细胞凋亡的作用及其可能的机制.方法采用MTT法检测不同浓度当归提取液对HaCaT细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞仪FITC-Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡情况,分光光度法检测细胞内半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶9(Caspase-9)活性的改变情况.结果浓度≥10mg/ml的当归提取液处理后HaCaT细胞增殖受到抑制,早期凋亡率显著增高(均P<0.01),细胞内Caspase-9活性明显增加(P<0.05),均呈浓度依赖性.结论在一定浓度范围内,当归提取液可抑制诱导HaCaT细胞凋亡,Caspase-9活性增加可能是其诱导凋亡的机制之一.     

龟板提取物靶向BMP4通路抑制PC12细胞凋亡

目的 探讨龟板提取物（Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum extracts,TCPE）对血清饥饿诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。方法 采用血清饥饿3 d的方法建立PC12细胞凋亡模型,并将细胞分为对照组,模型组,TCPE低、高剂量（3、30 μg/mL）组。在施加处理因素3 d后,用MTT比色分析测定细胞吸光度值,Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率,Western blotting检测Caspase-3、BMPs信号通路的表达水平,并检测BMPs信号通路阻断后TCPE的抗凋亡作用。用Bio-Rad Quantity One凝胶分析系统对条带进行半定量分析。结果 MTT与流式细胞术结果显示,TCPE能提高PC12细胞活性,降低PC12细胞凋亡率,并呈剂量依赖性,TCPE组与模型组相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05、0.01）。Western blotting结果显示,TCPE能降低Caspase-3表达,增加BMP4、BMPR-IA、p-Smad1/5/8的表达,TCPE组与模型组相比,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05、0.01）。TCPE对BMP2、BMP7、BMPR-II的表达没有影响,BMPR-IB没有被检测出。BMP4中和抗体减弱了TCPE的抗凋亡活性。结论 TCPE具有抑制血清饥饿诱导PC12细胞凋亡的作用,且这种作用呈剂量依赖性,其作用机制可能与激活BMP4信号通路表达有关。     

圆弧青霉提取物诱发人羊膜细胞程序外DNA合成及合成抑制的研究

从食管癌高发区河南省林县的粮食中,分离出5株圆弧青霉(Penicillium cyclopiumWestling)用大米做培养基,25℃培养两周,经氯仿:甲醇等连续提取后,得到棕褐色膏状提取物。用其中的4株,诱发出了人羊膜FL细胞株的程序外DNA合成(Unscheduled DNA Synthesis,UDS)与DNA合成抑制(DNA Synthesis Inhibition,DSI),与溶剂对照比较,具有显著性差异(P<0.05),并在一定程度上存在剂量效应关系;加S_9后,其生物学活性明显降低,推测此提取物中含有能引起人羊膜细胞DNA损伤的直接诱变剂。     

高效液相色谱法测定灵芝提取物中尿苷和腺苷含量

目的 建立测定不同产地的灵芝提取物(包括赤芝提取物和紫芝提取物)中尿苷和腺苷含量的反相高效液相色谱法.方法 采用Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水为流动柱(梯度洗脱),流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为260 nm.结果 尿苷和腺苷质量浓度分别在2.44 ～ 195.6 μg/mL(r=1.000 0)和2.64 ～ 105.6μg/mL(r=1.000 0)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为102.0％和101.2％,RSD分别为0.2％和1.0％(n=6).不同产地的灵芝提取物中尿苷及腺苷的含量及二者总量差异较大,且同一产地不同批次尿苷及腺苷的含量及二者总量也存在一定差异.结论 该法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于灵芝提取物中尿苷和腺苷的测定,试验结果为灵芝提取物的质量评价提供了参考依据.     

牛视网膜提取物对人-鼠杂合细胞抗体产生的影响

目的：探讨牛视网膜提取物对人－鼠杂合细胞抗体产生的影响。方法：在ＰＲＭＩ１６４０完全培养基（ＣＭ）中加入２０ｍｇ／Ｌ牛视网膜提取蛋白,配成牛视网膜培养基（ＢＲＥＭ）。用ＭＴＴ测定、细胞克隆技术、夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法和染色体分析,比较人－鼠杂合细胞Ｇ１２在两种培养条件下的细胞活力、克隆效率、人ＩｇＭ分泌和人染色体阳性细胞比率之间的差异。结果：用ＢＲＥＭ培养的Ｇ１２细胞活力高于用ＣＭ培养（Ｐ＜００５）。用ＢＲＥＭ培养的Ｇ１２细胞克隆中分泌人ＩｇＭ者占１２／２４,用ＣＭ培养的克隆只占２／４７。Ｇ１２细胞传代培养３个月后,用ＢＲＥＭ培养的上清人ＩｇＭ水平Ａ４９０为０３３５±００５０,用ＣＭ培养的上清为００７０±００２７（Ｐ＜００５）。前者含人染色体阳性的细胞为２０％,后者２５％,两者间没有差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论：添加牛视网膜提取物的培养基可以提高人－鼠杂合细胞的活力和人ＩｇＭ抗体的分泌能力。维持人源性ＩｇＭ持续分泌的条件不仅取决于杂合细胞中人染色体的存在和稳定,还有其它未知因素在起作用,牛视网提取蛋白可以提供这方面的需要。     

青龙藤提取物对糖尿病模型大鼠的降血糖作用

目的：探讨青龙藤提取物(BH)降低糖尿病模型大鼠的血糖作用。方法：将32只雄性Wistar大鼠随机均分成4组,正常对照组,其他3组以链脲佐菌素（STZ）制成接近于人1型糖尿病的大鼠糖尿病模型。3 d后经血糖测试仪检测,血糖含量>16.65 mmol•L^-1为制模成功。1组作为糖尿病模型对照组,另外2组7d后每天分别灌胃给予BH(465 mg•kg^-1)和消渴丸（XKW,625 mg•kg^-1）,连续5周给药。每周1次测定给药过程中各组大鼠血糖变化。注射STZ 3 d和实验结束后,采用放射免疫分析方法分别测定各组大鼠血清中胰岛素含量。实验结束后观察各组大鼠胰岛β细胞的形态变化。结果：给予BH和消渴丸5周后,糖尿病BH给药组大鼠血糖由(18.3±1.8)mmol•L^-1下降到(5.3±1.2) mmol• L^-1,消渴丸对照组血糖由（18.4±1.9）mmol•L^-1下降到(5.2±0.8) mmol•L^-１,两组与糖尿病模型对照组［(19.9±1.9) mmol•L^-1］比较差异均有显著性(P<0.001)。糖尿病BH给药组大鼠血清胰岛素含量由(18.8±2.3)mU• L^-1升高到（42.2±3.5）mU•L^-1, 消渴丸组大鼠血清胰岛素含量由(18.1±3.3)mU•L^-1升高到（40.9±3.7）mU•L^-1,两组与糖尿病模型对照组［(18.7±3.1) mU •L^-1］ 比较差异均有显著性（Ｐ<0.01）,且基本接近正常对照组。糖尿病模型组大鼠的胰岛变小,细胞萎缩,胞核固缩、消失,分泌颗粒减少。应用BH和消渴丸5周后,上述异常变化消失且胰岛细胞形态趋向正常。结论：BH对糖尿病大鼠有降低血糖、升高血清胰岛素、恢复和保护胰岛β细胞的作用。     

Liver Function Test Abnormalities in Users of Aqueous Kava Extracts

Abstract

Introduction.?Hepatic toxicity from manufactured herbal remedies that contain kava lactones has been reported in Europe, North America, and Australia. There is no evidence for serious liver damage in kava‐using populations in Pacific Island societies or in Indigenous Australians who have used aqueous kava extracts. This article presents evidence that liver function changes in users of aqueous kava extracts appear to be reversible. Data from one Arnhem Land community [Northern Territory (NT), Australia] with 340 indigenous people older than 15 years of age in 2000 are used. Methods.?This study was a cross‐sectional study with 98 participants, 36 of whom had never used kava. Among 62 kava users, 23 had discontinued kava at least 1 year before the study. Continuing users had not used kava for 1 to 2 months (n = 10) or 1 to 2 weeks previously (n = 15). Some (n = 14) had used kava within the previous 24 hr. Liver function tests were compared across these groups, taking into account differences due to age, sex, alcohol, and other substance use. Results.?The average quantity of kava powder consumed was 118 g/week, and median duration of use was 12 years (range, 1–18 years). Kava usage levels were less than one‐half of those found in previous studies. More recent kava use was independently associated with higher levels of liver enzymes gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) (p < 0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.001), but not with alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin, which were not elevated. In those who were not heavy alcohol users, only those who used kava within the previous 24 hr showed GGT levels higher than nonusers (p < 0.001), whereas higher ALP levels occurred only in those who last used kava 1 to 2 weeks (p = 0.015) and 24 hr previously (p = 0.005). Discussion.?Liver function changes in users of aqueous kava extracts at these moderate levels of consumption appear to be reversible and begin to return to baseline after 1 to 2 weeks abstinence from kava. No evidence for irreversible liver damage has been found.     

茵陈提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾组织中PTEN蛋白表达的影响及其肾脏保护作用

目的：探讨茵陈提取物（HACE）对糖尿病大鼠肾组织中第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因（PTEN）表达的影响,阐明HACE对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用的药理学机制。方法：采用链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备糖尿病大鼠模型。30只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组（6只）、模型组（12只）和HACE组（12只）,HACE组大鼠每天1次灌胃给予HACE（5 g·kg^-1）,对照组和模型组大鼠每天1次灌胃给予等量生理盐水。给药4个月后检测各组大鼠尿白蛋白排泄率和尿总蛋白排泄率,HE染色观察大鼠肾组织病理形态表现,PAS和Masson染色检测肾小球细胞外基质（ECM）分布情况,免疫组织化学染色法检测大鼠肾组织中PTEN蛋白表达分布情况,Western blotting法检测各组大鼠肾脏组织中PTEN蛋白表达水平。结果：与模型组比较,HACE组大鼠肾小球系膜区扩大、PAS及Masson阳性染色物质聚集和基底膜增厚等现象明显减轻,24h尿白蛋白排泄率明显降低（P<0.05）,尿总蛋白排泄率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。免疫组织化学染色检测,对照组大鼠肾组织PTEN蛋白表达量较高,模型组大鼠肾组织中PTEN蛋白表达量降低,HACE组大鼠肾组织中PTEN蛋白表达量趋向正常。Western blotting法检测,与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肾皮质中PTEN蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,HACE组大鼠肾皮质组织中PTEN蛋白表达水平明显升高（F=5.06,P<0.05）。结论：HACE提高大鼠肾脏组织中PTEN蛋白的表达可能是其对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用机制之一。