甘薯化学除草地膜覆盖少耕栽培法效应

秋植甘薯,采用檀前喷施除草剂土壤处理后,覆盖塑料薄膜的配套少耕栽培法,能提高土壤温度,保持土壤稳定水分与结构,并有效地防治杂草,甘薯植株生长旺盛。结果薯块重与植株总重均显著增产,节省劳力,经济效益较好。 仅采用各种化学除草剂处理的效应,有抑制杂草生长作用,能省工,提高工效,但与人工除草处理比较,甘薯产量差异不显著。     

滇重楼地上部分总皂苷HPLC指纹图谱

目的:建立滇重楼地上部分总皂苷高效液相色谱法(HPLC)指纹图谱,为滇重楼地上部分总皂苷的质量控制提供参考。方法:采用Ecosil HPLC C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)进行分离,流动相为乙腈-水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长为203 nm,柱温为31℃。建立6批滇重楼地上部分总皂苷HPLC特征图谱,并进行相似度评价;采用硅胶、反向硅胶RP-C₁₈柱色谱等方法对特征图谱中的3个未知共有峰化合物进行分离,应用质谱法(MS)、核磁共振(NMR)等方法进行结构鉴定;参照各对照品的色谱行为及其二极管阵列检测器(DAD)紫外光谱图,对共有峰进行归属和指认。结果:指纹图谱中的3个未知共有峰化合物为偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(cld01)、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(cld02)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(cld03)。cld02为首次从该植物中分离得到,cld03为首次从该植物地上部分分离得到;6批样品特征图谱与对照图谱的相似度均大于0.99,共归属指认了7个共有峰。结论:所建立的HPLC指纹图谱方法稳定、可靠、重复性好,可为滇重楼地上部分总皂苷质量控制提供参考。     

Behavioural and anatomical analysis of selective tibial nerve branch transfer to the deep peroneal nerve in the rat

Nerve transfer procedures involving the repair of a distal denervated nerve element with that of a foreign proximal nerve have become increasingly popular for clinical nerve repair as a surgical alternative to autologous nerve grafting. However, the functional outcomes and the central plasticity for these procedures remain poorly defined, particularly for a clinically relevant rodent model of hindlimb nerve transfer. We therefore evaluated the effect of selective tibial branch nerve transfer on behavioural recovery in animals following acute transection of the deep peroneal nerve. The results indicate that not only can hindlimb nerve transfers be successfully accomplished in a rat model but that these animals display a return of skilled locomotor function on a par with animals that underwent direct deep peroneal nerve repair (the current gold standard). At 2 months, ground reaction force analysis demonstrated that partial restoration of braking forces occurred in the nerve transfer group, whereas the direct repair group had fully restored these forces to similar to baseline levels. Ankle kinematic analysis revealed that only animals in the direct repair group significantly recovered flexion during the step cycle, indicating a recovery of surgically induced foot drop. Terminal electrophysiological and myological assessments demonstrated similar levels of reinnervation, whereas retrograde labelling studies confirmed that the peroneal nerve‐innervated muscles were innervated by neurons from the tibial nerve pool in the nerve transfer group. Our results demonstrate a task‐dependent recovery process, where skilled locomotor recovery is similar between nerve transfer and direct repair animals, whereas flat surface locomotion is significantly better in direct repair animals.     

Image-guided bronchoscopy for histopathologic diagnosis of pure ground glass opacity: a case report

Guided bronchoscopy has been found to be useful for the diagnosis of solid peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) but more evidence on ground glass opacities (GGOs), especially those without a solid component, are lacking. A 69-year-old male, asymptomatic, heavy smoker was referred to our department for non-surgical diagnosis of a focal pure GGO in the right upper lobe that was found incidentally on computed tomography (CT). Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) with the aide of endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS), virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN), and fluoroscopy was performed for sampling. There were no complications after the procedure. The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma with lepidic growth pattern was established from the fourth and fifth TBB specimens and was confirmed on subsequent surgical resection. Image-guided bronchoscopy with TBB was successful for the diagnosis of a pure GGO. Use of a larger biopsy device may be helpful for the histopathologic diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma with lepidic growth.     

Imaging in small and medium vessel vasculitis

Vasculitis includes a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the vessel wall and classified based on the diameter of the predominantly involved vessels. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and Henoch‐Schonlein purpura are the important entities in the small vessel vasculitis group, while polyarteritis nodosa and Kawasaki disease represent the medium vessel vasculitis group. The clinical manifestations may be non‐specific and there may be considerable overlap with the other disorders. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis as well as the management of patients with small and medium vessel vasculitis. Imaging allows direct evaluation of the arteries in medium vessel vasculitis. However, the involved vessels in small vessel vasculitis are smaller than the resolution of the current imaging techniques. Hence, only the end organ changes secondary to involvement of small vessels are examined. In this review we discuss the role of current imaging modalities (predominantly computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) as well as individual disease entities in the groups of small and medium vessel vasculitis.     

鞋跟高度对地面反力和鞋底压力中心的影响

目的：通过研究女性行走时地面反力和鞋底压力中心，探讨鞋跟高度对地面反力和鞋底压力中心的影响。方法：测量穿不同类型和不同鞋跟高度的受试者，在不同行走速度下地面反力的大小和鞋底压力中心，分析地面反力变化和鞋底压力中心轨迹。结果：自然步速下，垂直方向上地面反力峰峰值随鞋跟高度增加而增大；穿中高鞋的侧向反力的峰峰值最大，而前进方向上峰峰值最小。随鞋跟高度的增加，鞋底压力中心侧向的移动量明显增大。结论：鞋跟高度导致人体侧向移动量增大，不同鞋跟高度对地面反力产生不同的影响。     

Immediate Efficacy of Laterally Wedged Insoles With Arch Support on Walking in Persons With Bilateral Medial Knee Osteoarthritis

ObjectiveTo investigate the immediate efficacy of laterally wedged insoles with arch support (LWAS) on gait in persons with bilateral medial knee osteoarthritis (OA).DesignA prospective case-control intervention study.SettingA gait laboratory with a 6-camera motion analysis system and 2 forceplates.ParticipantsFifteen women with bilateral medial knee OA and 15 healthy control subjects (N=30).InterventionsLWAS.Main Outcome MeasuresSubjective knee pain and objective biomechanical indices, namely, joint angles and moments in the frontal plane, frontal plane ground reaction force and lever arm, as well as medial/lateral center of mass and center of pressure during gait.ResultsWhen wearing the LWAS, knee pain during gait in persons with medial knee OA decreased (P=.01). Peak internal knee abductor moments were also reduced (P<.001) with increasing foot progression angles, laterally shifted center of pressure, and a shortened frontal plane lever arm (all P<.05). However, ankle invertor moments were increased (P<.05) when wearing the LWAS.ConclusionsAlthough peak internal knee abductor moment and knee pain were immediately reduced during gait when wearing the LWAS, increased ankle invertor moments were found, suggesting that the LWAS should be used with caution. Strengthening and monitoring the condition of the ankle invertor muscles may be necessary if the LWAS is used as an intervention for persons with bilateral medial knee OA.     

基于可穿戴式步行引导仪的可视化步行训练对帕金森病冻结步态患者步行能力的影响

目的：探讨基于可穿戴式步行引导仪的可视化步行训练对帕金森病冻结步态患者步行能力的影响。方法：选取23例帕金森病冻结步态患者为试验组,同时选取20例性别、年龄等匹配的健康者为对照组。试验组给予利用可穿戴式步行引导仪的可视化步行训练,20min/次,2次/日,训练1周。利用Vicon三维步态分析系统收集试验组训练前后和对照组时空参数、非优势侧及优势侧运动学参数、非优势侧及优势侧地面反作用力参数(包括前-后侧峰值、内-外侧峰值及纵向第一峰值)。结果：(1)训练后,试验组患者步速及双侧步长均明显增加,步频、双支撑期明显减小,与训练前相比,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);训练后,试验组患者优势侧步长、步频及双支撑期与对照组比较,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。(2)训练后,试验组患者双侧髋关节着地角度、踝背屈及跖屈最大角度及下肢关节活动范围均明显增加,膝关节着地角度减小,踝关节第一峰值出现的阶段延迟,与训练前相比,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);训练后,试验组患者双侧(膝关节着地角度、踝背屈最大角度、踝关节第一峰值出现阶段、下肢关节活动范围)和优势侧(髋关节着地角度...     

Melatonin and its potential biological functions in the fruits of sweet cherry

Melatonin is a well‐known molecule which possesses many beneficial effects on human health. Many agriculture products provide natural melatonin in the diet. Cherry is one such fruit as they are rich in melatonin. In order to understand the biological roles of melatonin in cherry fruit, melatonin synthesis and its changes over 24 hr period were systematically monitored both during their development and in the ripe cherries in two cultivars, ‘Hongdeng’ (Prunus avium L. cv. Hongdeng) and ‘Rainier’ (Prunus avium L. cv. Rainier). It was found that both darkness and oxidative stress induced melatonin synthesis, which led to dual melatonin synthetic peaks during a 24 hr period. The high levels of malondialdehyde induced by high temperature and high intensity light exposure were directly related to up‐regulated melatonin production. A primary function of melatonin in cherry fruits is speculated to be as an antioxidant to protect the cherry from the oxidative stress. Importantly, plant tryptophan decaboxylase gene (PaTDC) was identified in cherry fruits. Our data shows that PaTDC expression is positively related to the melatonin production in the cherry. This provides additional information to suggest that tryptophan decaboxylase is a rate‐limiting enzyme of melatonin synthesis in plants.