师范类大学毕业生就业焦虑及其原因

目的:了解师范类毕业生就业焦虑现状,探究其就业焦虑原因。方法:随机抽取河北师范大学毕业生为研究对象,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、高校毕业生择业焦虑问卷修订版施测。结果:单样本t检验表明,师范类毕业生就业焦虑水平高于国内常模且达到显著水平(P0.001);相关分析表明,其就业焦虑水平与就业竞争压力、就业自我效能感不足呈显著正相关(r=0.617,0.567;P0.001),与对就业前景担忧呈边缘正相关(r=0.136,P=0.057);独立样本t检验表明,师范类毕业生就业焦虑的性别差异表现在就业焦虑水平、就业竞争压力和对就业前景担忧上(t=4.670,2.288,3.022;P0.05),家庭所在地差异表现在就业自我效能感不足上(t=3.173,P0.05),独生子女与否差异表现在就业焦虑水平上(t=2.314,P0.05),专业差异表现在就业焦虑水平和就业竞争压力上(t=4.508,3.800;P0.001),学生干部与否差异表现在就业焦虑水平上(t=2.108,P0.05)。结论:师范类毕业生就业焦虑平均水平较高,这与就业竞争压力、就业自我效能感不足、对就业前景担忧都有关系,且师范类大学生在就业焦虑中存在性别、家庭所在地、独生子女与否、专业、学生干部与否的差异。     

高三毕业生人格测验分析

目的调查了解高三毕业生的人格特征及心理状态。方法对315名高三毕业生接受明尼苏达多相人格测验(MMPI)测查,将测验分数与常模比较,并分析差异产生的原因。结果 1男生与女生在Hs、D、Hy、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc这7个因子上的平均分都高于60分。与常模相比,男生F、Hs、Pa、Sc、Ma低于常模水平(t=-24.565,-4.068,-12.274,-10.918,-9.539;P均0.01),K、D、Hy高于常模水平(t=7.231、9.606、9.187,P均0.01);女生F、Mf、Pa、Sc、Ma低于常模水平(t=-20.170、-8.777、-12.156、-9.362、-10.661;P均0.01),K、D、Hy、Pd、Si高于常模水平(t=9.935、8.466、11.820、3.394、3.947;P均0.01),差异均具有统计学意义;2高三毕业生Pd(精神病态)和Pt(精神衰弱)这两个因子的异常检出率最高,分别占66.7%和72.1%。结论高三毕业生存在一定的心理问题。     

Empowerment, engagement and perceived effectiveness in nursing work environments: does experience matter?

Aims  We examined the impact of empowering work conditions on nurses' work engagement and effectiveness, and compared differences among these relationships in new graduates and experienced nurses.
Background  As many nurses near retirement, every effort is needed to retain nurses and to ensure that work environments are attractive to new nurses. Experience in the profession and generational differences may affect how important work factors interact to affect work behaviours.
Methods  We conducted a secondary analysis of survey data from two studies and compared the pattern of relationships among study variables in two groups: 185 nurses 2 years post-graduation and 294 nurses with more than 2 years of experience.
Results  A multi-group SEM analysis indicated a good fit of the hypothesized model. Work engagement significantly mediated the empowerment/effectiveness relationship in both groups, although the impact of engagement on work effectiveness was significantly stronger for experienced nurses.
Conclusions  Engagement is an important mechanism by which empowerment affects nurses feelings of effectiveness but less important to new graduates' feelings of work effectiveness than empowerment.
Implications for nursing management  Managers must be aware of the role of empowerment in promoting work engagement and effectiveness and differential effects on new graduates and more seasoned nurses.     

Graduate nurses: critical thinkers or better decision makers?

This study evaluates the difference in development of critical thinking across four groups of nurses at different stages of the academic process and their perception of their decision-making ability in practice. With the move of nurse education into institutes of higher education nationally, there are no empirical data in the UK to suggest that graduates practice any differently from their non-graduate colleagues. An opportunistic sample of 82 nurses, was chosen from recent admission on a pre-registration degree programme, to mature graduates, as well as a group of experienced, non-graduate practitioners. A quasi-experimental, between-subjects design was used. A series of one-way ANOVAs was used to analyse the difference in critical thinking across all four groups, employing the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Additionally, the Jenkins Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale was used to determine the differences in decision-making ability in practice across three of the groups with clinical experience. Furthermore, a correlation was undertaken to determine what relationship, if any, existed between critical thinking and decision-making in practice. It was found that there was no significant difference in the critical thinking skills across all groups studied, supporting the findings of other studies in the USA, which examined the cognitive skills of students undertaking graduate programmes. However, in their practice, it was found that those exposed to the academic process were significantly better at decision-making than their non-academic colleagues. Finally, no relationship could be found between the development of critical thinking and decision-making in practice, suggesting that more work needs to be done to look carefully at both critical thinking skills and decision-making in practice and the tools used to measure these.     

关于提高临床硕士研究生医患沟通能力的探讨

从医患关系和医患沟通的现状出发,阐述提高临床硕士研究生医患沟通能力的重要性,并提出提高临床硕士研究生医患沟通能力的途径。     

中国疾控中心近五年研究生就业情况分析

目的 基于近5年(2016-2020届)中国疾控中心培养的研究生毕业、就业情况进行分析和研究,为我国公共卫生人才培养提供数据支持.方法 利用北京高校毕业生就业平台及资源管理系统毕业生数据,分析研究生毕业、就业情况和特点.结果 2016-2020年累计毕业生共计687人,其中定向生119人,占17.3％,非定向生568人...     

The mobility of optometrists practising in Australia in 2005: Do optometry graduates move to states without schools of optometry?

Background: Three schools of optometry in the eastern states of Australia provide optometrists for the entire country. Concerns have been expressed about attracting optometrists to practise in the other states. This paper analyses the source of optometric qualification of optometrists practising in each state, to assess the proportion who have chosen to practise in a state different from that in which they qualified and to determine whether there are gender differences in preparedness to move to a different state. Method: Data on year and school of qualification, primary professional activity and current state or territory of practice were extracted from the Optometrists Association Australia database to determine a profile of place of qualification of optometrists in each state or territory of Australia in 2005. Results: More than 77 per cent of practising optometrists from Australian schools practised in the state where they graduated. The majority of optometrists for the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), South Australia (SA) and Western Australia (WA) were New South Wales graduates; the majority of Tasmanian optometrists were Victorian graduates. Optometrists from overseas accounted for 17.3, 24.6 and 19.9 per cent of optometrists in practice in SA, Tasmania and WA, respectively, but less than 7.5 per cent elsewhere. The highest number of optometrists who had qualified outside Australia practised in NSW. Female graduates from 2000 and later were more likely to move interstate than their male counterparts. Discussion: Approximately 14 per cent of practising optometry graduates practised in states without schools, where 21 per cent of the population resided. This indicates some degree of mobility but the market needs to work further to match supply of optometric services to demand at state level. Further analysis is necessary to determine patterns of graduate movement in the years following graduation, to determine whether movement to different states is short‐ or long‐term.     

汉字数字的用法

1.数字作为词素构成定型词、同组、惯用语、缩略语或具有修辞色彩的词句,应使用汉字。例如：二倍体、一氧化碳、十一五规划、十二指肠等。2.邻近的两个数字并列连用表示概数时,应使用汉字,连用的两个数字之间不加标点,如七八公里、五十二三岁、两三家医院等。3.我国清朝以前（含清朝）以及非公历的历史纪年要用汉字。例如：清咸丰十年九月二十日、八月十五中秋节等。4.部队医院编号有＂第＂字者,其编号用汉字。例如：解放军第三○四医院。5.不定数词一律用汉字。例如：任何一个病人,这是一种免疫反应,无一例死亡。     

The fantastic future of food – celebrating 50 years of food science and technology

The Institute of Food Science and Technology is this year celebrating 50 years since its formation. But we are not planning a year of retrospection – far from it. The main focus for the Institute's celebrations is very much on the future, hence the main theme for our 50th Jubilee year; ‘The Fantastic Future of Food’. Food science and technology can provide solutions to many of the current big challenges such as food safety, sustainability, waste reduction and, of course, some aspects of nutritional health. The Institute is therefore using its 50th Jubilee to raise the profile of its activities and also launch a number of key projects which it believes will have a significant impact on some of the key issues facing the food sector. The first of these will be its Register of Food Safety Professionals which will provide independent professional accreditation at all levels for those engaged in food safety roles.