果酸对金免疫层析法检测粪便潜血试验的影响

目的探讨不同浓度的果酸对胶体金免疫层析法检测粪便潜血试验的影响.方法以蒸馏水为对照,用试带检测不同浓度的果酸.结果体外试验显示维生素C片剂、酒石酸、柠檬酸及柠檬酸钠浓度分别为：1.50、1.30、0.01及7.50g/L时与对照组相比,结果有显著性差异（P均＜0.01）,柠檬酸组的pH值越低,越容易出现假阳性.结论在体外,一定浓度的果酸会引起胶体金免疫层析检测粪便潜血试验的假阳性反应.     

Effects of a potent antioxidant, platinum nanoparticle, on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans

We have shown that platinum nanoparticles (nano-Pt) are a superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase mimetic. Various data have shown extension of the Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by antioxidant treatment. The present study was designed to elucidate the survival benefit conferred by nano-Pt, as compared to the well-known SOD/catalase mimetic EUK-8. At 0.5mM, nano-Pt significantly extended the lifespan of wild-type N2 nematodes and at 0.25 and 0.5mM, nano-Pt recovered the shortened lifespan of the mev-1(kn1) mutant, which is due to excessive oxidative stress. In both instances, EUK-8 at 0.05, 0.5, and 5mM did not extend nematode lifespan. Even when 0.4M paraquat was loaded exogenously, nano-Pt (0.1 and 0.5mM) and EUK-8 (0.5 and 5mM) were effective in rescuing worms. Moreover, 0.5mM nano-Pt significantly reduced the accumulation of lipofuscin and ROS induced by paraquat. We measured the in vitro dose-dependent quenching of O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2), indicating that nano-Pt is a more potent SOD/catalase mimetic than EUK-8. Nano-Pt prolonged the worm lifespan, regardless of thermotolerance or dietary restriction. Taken together, nano-Pt has interesting anti-ageing properties.     

In vivo MRI using positive-contrast techniques in detection of cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

Positive-contrast techniques are being developed to increase the detection of magnetically labeled cells in tissues. We evaluated a post-processing positive-contrast technique, susceptibility-gradient mapping (SGM), and compared this approach with two pulse sequences, a gradient-compensation-based "White Marker" technique and an off-resonance-based approach, inversion recovery on-resonance water suppression (IRON), for the detection of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle-labeled C6 glioma cells implanted in the flanks of nude rats. The SGM, White Marker and IRON positive-contrast images were acquired when the labeled C6 glioma tumors were approximately 5 mm (small), approximately 10 mm (medium) and approximately 20 mm (large) in diameter along the largest dimension to evaluate their sensitivity to the dilution of the SPIO nanoparticles as the tumor cells proliferated. In vivo MRI demonstrated that all three positive-contrast techniques can produce hyperintensities in areas around the labeled flank tumors against a dark background. The number of positive voxels detected around small and medium tumors was significantly greater with the SGM technique than with the White Marker and IRON techniques. For large tumors, the SGM resulted in a similar number of positive voxels to the White Marker technique, and the IRON approach failed to generate positive-contrast images with a 200 Hz suppression band. This study also reveals that hemorrhage appears as hyperintensities on positive-contrast images and may interfere with the detection of SPIO-labeled cells.     

Glycidyl‐Methacrylate‐Based Electrospun Mats and Catalytic Silver Nanoparticles

P(AN‐GMA) and PGMA fibers coated with monodisperse silver nanoparticles have been prepared by a combination of electrospinning and electroless plating. The morphology of the electrospun fibers remains unchanged after surface hydrazination. Oxidation of hydrazine in an ammoniacal solution of AgNO₃ reduces and deposits silver atoms along the fiber surface, which then coalesce to Ag particles. The size of the silver nanoparticles is varied between 20–60 nm. Since the density of the active sites for silver reduction is lower in P(AN‐GMA), a smaller particle size could be obtained. The catalytic activity of the silver nanoparticles has been confirmed.

     

Phagocytosis and endocytosis of silver nanoparticles induce interleukin-8 production in human macrophages

Phagocytosis or endocytosis by macrophages is critical to the uptake of fine particles, including nanoparticles, in order to initiate toxic effects in cells. Here, our data enhance the understanding of the process of internalization of silver nanoparticles by macrophages. When macrophages were pre-treated with inhibitors to phagocytosis, caveolin-mediated endocytosis, or clathrin-mediated endocytosis, prior to exposure to silver nanoparticles, Interleukin-8 (IL-8) production was inhibited. Although cell death was not reduced, the inflammatory response by macrophages was compromised by phagocytosis and endocytosis inhibitors.     

光致还原制备透明质酸-纳米银复合物

以透明质酸(HA)为分散载体,通过紫外光还原硝酸银制备出了Ag纳米颗粒分散体系。用紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态激光光散射(DLS)及抑菌实验对所得样品的形貌、结构及性质进行表征。结果表明：所制备的Ag纳米颗粒呈球形,平均粒径约为18 nm,在水相中能稳定分散,且对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)具有明显的抑菌作用。     

乳糖化-去甲斑蝥素及其纳米粒在Caco-2细胞模型中的跨膜转运机制

目的 研究乳糖化-去甲斑蝥素（Lac-NCTD）及其壳聚糖纳米粒（Lac-NCTD-NPs）的细胞摄取、转运机制。方法 采用Caco-2细胞单层模型研究Lac-NCTD和Lac-NCTD-NPs的摄取和跨膜转运;考察了时间、温度、pH值、药物质量浓度、吸收抑制剂和促进剂对药物跨膜吸收的影响,并比较两种剂型吸收过程的差异。结果 Lac-NCTD以主动转运为主要方式被细胞摄取和转运,少部分通过旁路转运。药物的摄取和时间呈正相关,与温度呈负相关。P-糖蛋白（P-gp）和多药耐药相关蛋白2（MRP2）抑制剂能增加Lac-NCTD的细胞摄取（P＜0.05）。药物从基底侧（basolateral,BL）到肠腔侧（apical,AP）的渗透系数（P_app(BL→AP)）大于P_app(AP→BL)。内吞抑制剂氧化苯砷对药物的转运无影响,旁路转运促进剂去氧胆酸钠能增加药物转运。结论 Lac-NCTD主要以主动转运方式被吸收,少部分通过旁路转运被Caco-2细胞摄取和转运,此过程受P-gp和MRP2外排蛋白作用,且药物纳米粒的摄取和转运较其溶液均有增加。     

Gene expression of zebrafish embryos exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles and hydroxylated fullerenes

Increased release of engineered nanoparticles to the environment suggests a rising need for the monitoring and evaluation of potential toxicity. Zebrafish frequently have been used as a model species in human and aquatic toxicology studies. In this study, zebrafish embryos were microinjected in the otic vesicle with a sublethal dose of engineered nanoparticles (titanium dioxide/TiO₂ and hydroxylated fullerenes/C₆₀(OH)₂₄). A gene microarray analysis was performed on injected and control embryos to determine the potential for nanoparticles to change the expression of genes involved in cross talk of the nervous and immune systems. The exposure to TiO₂ and hydroxylated fullerenes caused shifts in gene regulation response patterns that were similar for downregulated genes but different for upregulated genes. Significant effects on gene regulation were observed on genes involved in circadian rhythm, kinase activity, vesicular transport and immune response. This is the first report of circadian rhythm gene deregulation by nanoparticles in aquatic animals, indicating the potential for broad physiological and behavioral effects controlled by the circadian system.     

Single-molecule protein arrays enabled by scanning probe block copolymer lithography

The ability to control the placement of individual protein molecules on surfaces could enable advances in a wide range of areas, from the development of nanoscale biomolecular devices to fundamental studies in cell biology. Such control, however, remains a challenge in nanobiotechnology due to the limitations of current lithographic techniques. Herein we report an approach that combines scanning probe block copolymer lithography with site-selective immobilization strategies to create arrays of proteins down to the single-molecule level with arbitrary pattern control. Scanning probe block copolymer lithography was used to synthesize individual sub-10-nm single crystal gold nanoparticles that can act as scaffolds for the adsorption of functionalized alkylthiol monolayers, which facilitate the immobilization of specific proteins. The number of protein molecules that adsorb onto the nanoparticles is dependent upon particle size; when the particle size approaches the dimensions of a protein molecule, each particle can support a single protein. This was demonstrated with both gold nanoparticle and quantum dot labeling coupled with transmission electron microscopy imaging experiments. The immobilized proteins remain bioactive, as evidenced by enzymatic assays and antigen-antibody binding experiments. Importantly, this approach to generate single-biomolecule arrays is, in principle, applicable to many parallelized cantilever and cantilever-free scanning probe molecular printing methods.