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151.
In this work a variety of beverage samples had been kept in a contaminated area to investigate their lead adsorption. To determine the adsorbed Pb(II), a novel magnetic lead ion-imprinted polymer, grafted onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles, was synthesized and used as a selective sorbent for the preconcentration of Pb(II) ions. The sorbent was characterized by different techniques. The synthesized sorbent was applied for highly accurate and selective determination of Pb(II) ions absorbed from polluted air in several beverages and results were compared. To validate the method, three certified reference materials were analyzed by the proposed method and the results showed that pre-concentrating by this sorbent and subsequent determination by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy is an accurate method for lead determination in beverage samples (recoveries higher than 95%). The limits of detection and the relative standard deviations were less than 1.7 μg kg−1 and 4.1%, respectively. The sorption capacity of this new sorbent was 51.8 mg g−1. Finally, this method was used for the determination of Pb(II) ions in polluted beverage samples, and the results revealed that under equal conditions, coffee exhibits more tendency to adsorb Pb(II) ions. 相似文献
152.
合成了前驱体三-(2-氨乙基)-N,N',N"-三硫辛酸氨,该前驱体经三丁基膦(TBUP)还原后得到末端带有6个巯基的小分子单体(C-6SH)并共价偶联腙键修饰的阿霉素-(6-马来酰亚胺基己酰)腙(MAL-DOX)。通过巯基与丙烯酸酯的点击化学反应,以二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,连续投料制备了具有内核交联、表面聚乙二醇(PEG)化与pH敏感药物释放特性的聚合物纳米颗粒。采用动态光散射粒径分析(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)对纳米颗粒的尺寸和形貌进行表征,结果表明该纳米颗粒呈球形,平均尺寸为42 nm。体外药物释放表明:通过腙键连接阿霉素(DOX)的聚合物纳米颗粒具有良好的pH响应性释放能力,即在酸性条件下(pH=5.5)的释放速率比生理pH环境下要明显加快。 相似文献
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154.
Intranasal and intravenous administration of octa‐arginine modified poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles facilitates central nervous system delivery of loperamide 下载免费PDF全文
155.
Particles possess unique properties in the nanoscale, e.g., enhanced catalytic activity, high surface area, and light emission/absorption properties, that might result in interference with colorimetric in vitro cytotoxicity assays such as MTT, XTT or MTS. Alternatively, assays that do not use spectrophotometric detection, such as trypan blue exclusion or flow cytometry (FC) based assays, are less likely to be influenced by nanoparticle interference. The aim of this study was to evaluate FC assays to assess the cytotoxicity of three different sizes (10, 100, or 200 nm) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different mass concentrations (1, 25, or 50 ug/ml) in L-929 fibroblast cells. After 4 h and 24 h exposure, cell necrosis and apoptosis were assessed using 7-AAD and Annexin V dyes, respectively, with FC. The data indicate that cell necrosis and apoptosis in AgNP-exposed fibroblasts depends on dose, exposure time, and AgNP size. The data indicate that AgNPs produced a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability; however, 10 nm AgNPs were significantly more toxic than larger-sized particles. Thus, standard FC assays can be utilized to assess apoptosis and necrosis in response to nanomaterial exposure. 相似文献
156.
Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have potential applications in stem cell research. In this study, ex vivo cytotoxicity of CSNPs on mouse bone marrow-derived (MBMCs) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) was determined. MBMCs were exposed to CSNPs of different particle sizes at various concentrations for up to 72 h. Cytotoxicity effect of CSNPs on MBMCs was determined using MTT, Live/Dead Viability/Cytotoxicity assays and flow cytometry analysis of surface antigens on HSCs (Sca-1+), myeloid-committed progenitors (CD11b+, Gr-1+), and lymphoid-committed progenitors (CD45+, CD3e+). At 24 h incubation, MBMCs' viability was not affected by CSNPs. At 48 and 72 h, significant reduction was detected at higher CSNPs concentrations. Small CSNPs (200 nm) significantly reduced MBMCs' viability while medium-sized particle (∼400 nm) selectively promoted MBMCs growth. Surface antigen assessment demonstrated lineage-dependent effect. Significant decrease in Sca-1+ cells percentage was observed for medium-sized particle at the lowest CSNPs concentration. Meanwhile, reduction of CD11b+ and Gr-1+ cells percentage was detected at high and intermediate concentrations of medium-sized and large CSNPs. Percentage of CD45+ and CD3e+ cells along with ROS levels were not significantly affected by CSNPs. In conclusion, medium-sized and large CSNPs were relatively non-toxic at lower concentrations. However, further investigations are necessary for therapeutic applications. 相似文献
157.
Anna Murphy Kate Sheehy Alan Casey Gordon Chambers 《Journal of applied toxicology : JAT》2015,35(6):665-680
Establishing realistic exposure scenarios is critical for cytotoxic investigation of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in the gastrointestinal tract. This study investigated the potential interaction with and effect of biofluid components, namely cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid, on AgNP toxicity. Two cell lines corresponding to organs related to the biofluid components were employed. These were HepG‐2 a hepatocellular carcinoma derived from liver tissue and Hep2 an epithelial cell line. Physiochemical and cytotoxic screening was performed and the ability of biofluid components to modify AgNP cytotoxicity was explored. No alteration to the physiochemical characteristics of AgNP by biofluid components was demonstrated. However, biofluid component addition resulted in alteration of AgNP toxicity. Greater reactive oxygen species induction was noted in the presence of cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. Ursodeoxycholic acid demonstrated no modification of toxicity in HepG‐2 cells; however, significant modification was noted in Hep2 cells. It is concluded that biofluid components can modify AgNP toxicity but this is dependent on the biofluid component itself and the location where it acts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
158.
The effect of Fe2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles on cytotoxicity and glucose metabolism in lung epithelial cells 下载免费PDF全文
Xiaofeng Lai Yifang Wei Hu Zhao Suning Chen Xin Bu Fan Lu Dingding Qu Libo Yao Jianyong Zheng Jian Zhang 《Journal of applied toxicology : JAT》2015,35(6):651-664
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have potential applications in industry and medicine, but they also have the potential to cause many chronic pulmonary diseases. Mechanisms for their cytotoxicity, glucose and energy metabolism responses need to be fully explained in lung epithelial cells after treatment with metallic nanoparticles. In our study, two different metallic nanoparticles (Fe2O3 and ZnO) and two cell‐based assays (BEAS‐2B and A549 cell lines) were used. Our findings demonstrate that ZnO nanoparticles, but not Fe2O3 nanoparticles, induce cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction and glucose metabolism perturbation, which are responsible for cytotoxicity. These results also suggest that the glucose metabolism and bioenergetics had a great potential in evaluating the cytotoxicity and thus were very helpful in understanding their underlying molecular mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
159.
160.
Biological effect of food additive titanium dioxide nanoparticles on intestine: an in vitro study 下载免费PDF全文
Zheng‐Mei Song Ni Chen Jia‐Hui Liu Huan Tang Xiaoyong Deng Wen‐Song Xi Kai Han Aoneng Cao Yuanfang Liu Haifang Wang 《Journal of applied toxicology : JAT》2015,35(10):1169-1178
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely found in food‐related consumer products. Understanding the effect of TiO2 NPs on the intestinal barrier and absorption is essential and vital for the safety assessment of orally administrated TiO2 NPs. In this study, the cytotoxicity and translocation of two native TiO2 NPs, and these two TiO2 NPs pretreated with the digestion simulation fluid or bovine serum albumin were investigated in undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells, differentiated Caco‐2 cells and Caco‐2 monolayer. TiO2 NPs with a concentration less than 200 µg ml–1 did not induce any toxicity in differentiated cells and Caco‐2 monolayer after 24 h exposure. However, TiO2 NPs pretreated with digestion simulation fluids at 200 µg ml–1 inhibited the growth of undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells. Undifferentiated Caco‐2 cells swallowed native TiO2 NPs easily, but not pretreated NPs, implying the protein coating on NPs impeded the cellular uptake. Compared with undifferentiated cells, differentiated ones possessed much lower uptake ability of these TiO2 NPs. Similarly, the traverse of TiO2 NPs through the Caco‐2 monolayer was also negligible. Therefore, we infer the possibility of TiO2 NPs traversing through the intestine of animal or human after oral intake is quite low. This study provides valuable information for the risk assessment of TiO2 NPs in food. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献