The Expression of Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide on the Neurons Associated Zusanli (ST 36) in Rats

Objective:To investigate the biochemical characteristic of the neurons associated Zusanli(ST 36)in the rat by using Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated cholera toxin subunit B(AF594-CTB)neural tracing and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)fluorescent immunohistochemical techniques.Methods:Four male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with AF594-CTB into the corresponding area of the Zusanli in the human body.After 3 surviving days,the rat's spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia(DRGs)at lumbar segments were dissected following perfusion with 4%paraformaldehyde,cut into sections,and then stained with CGRPfluorescent immunohistochemical method.Results:AF594-CTB labeled sensory neurons were detected in the L3-L6 DRGs with high concentration in L4 DRG,and the labeled motor neurons located in the dorsolateral and intermediate regions of laminaⅨfrom L3-L5 segments with high concentration at L4.Meanwhile,CGRPpositive neural labeling distributed symmetrically on both sides of DRGs,anterior and dorsal homs of spinal cord.In the AF594-CTB labeled neurons,37%sensory neurons and 100%motor neurons expressed CGRPpositive.Conclusion:These findings present the morphological evidence to demonstrate that the sensory and motor neurons associated Zusanli in the rat distributed with segmental and regional patterns,and contained CGRP-expression.     

早期应用重组人脑利钠肽治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的探究早期应用重组人脑利钠肽(rh BNP)对于急性前壁心肌梗死患者急性心力衰竭(AHF)的预防效果。方法回顾我院2012年1月至2016年1月期间入院治疗的急性前壁心肌梗死患者的治疗情况,选择其中90例作为研究对象,将患者按照早期不同的治疗方式分为观察组以及对照组各45例,对照组患者采取常规治疗方案治疗,观察组患者采取常规治疗方案联合rh BNP进行治疗,分析不同治疗方式对于患者的治疗效果以及对于AHF的预防情况。结果观察组患者治疗前的N末端前体脑利钠肽、血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ以及肾上腺素浓度与对照组比较差别无统计学意义,而两组患者在经过治疗72 h后各项指标下调(P0.05)观察组比对照组更显著(P0.05)。观察组患者在治疗后的随访中显示,患者因心力衰竭再住院的为0例,心源性死亡的为0例,明显少于对照组患者(P0.05)。结论早期应用rhBNP对急性前壁心肌梗死患者进行治疗可有效的改善患者心功能,减少心力衰竭的发生情况,提高治疗效果。     

短肽型肠内营养指导在胎儿生长受限孕妇中的应用效果

目的 探究短肽型肠内营养指导应用于胎儿生长受限孕妇中的效果。方法 选取2017年9月至2019年5月如皋市人民医院收治的胎儿生长受限孕妇的116例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各58例。对照组给予常规营养指导,观察组给予短肽型肠内营养指导。对比干预1周后两组孕妇宫高、腹围与体质量情况,胎儿双顶径、头尾、腹围、股骨长、体质量及孕妇护理满意度。结果 干预前,两组孕妇宫高、腹围与体质量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预后,观察组宫高、腹围与体质量的差值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;干预前,两组胎儿双顶径、头尾、腹围、股骨长及体质量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。干预后,观察组胎儿双顶径、头尾、腹围、股骨长及体质量的差值均高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预1周后孕妇满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 短肽型肠内营养指导应用于胎儿生长受限孕妇中,可提高孕妇宫高与腹围、胎儿双顶径与头尾,并提高孕妇护理满意度,值得推广。     

Early nerve regeneration after Achilles tendon rupture — a prerequisite for healing? A study in the rat

Nerve regeneration during healing of Achilles tendon rupture in the rat was studied by immunohistochemistry including semi-quantitative assessment. Neuronal markers for regenerating and mature fibers, ie., growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), respectively, were analyzed at different time points (1-16 weeks) post-rupture. In the paratenon, both the ruptured and intact contralateral tendon (control) consistently exhibited immunoreactivity to the two neuronal markers. However, in the proper tendinous tissue only the ruptured tendon showed immunoreactivity to GAP-43 and PGP 9.5. This expression was seen already at week 1 post-rupture to reach a peak at week 6 followed by a successive drop till week 16. Also the occurrence of sensory and autonomic fibers according to immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), respectively, was analyzed. CGRP-positivity was abundantly seen from weeks 2-6 in both perivascular and sprouting free nerve endings in the proper tendon tissue undergoing healing. NPY appeared later, at weeks 6-8 post-rupture around blood vessels mainly located in the surrounding loose connective tissue. Apart from a role in vasoaction (CGRP, vasodilatory; NPY, vasoconstrictory). both neuropeptides have been implicated in fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation required for angiogenesis. The present study shows that early healing of ruptured tendons is characterized by an orchestrated, temporal appearance of nerve fibers expressing peptides with different actions. The observed pattern of neuronal regeneration and neuropeptide expression may prove to be important for normal connective tissue healing.     

烫伤大鼠垂体前叶P物质和降钙素基因相关肽神经的变化

目的　观察烫伤早期大鼠垂体前叶P物质 (SP)与降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)神经的形态分布变化。　方法　采用大鼠 30 %TBSAⅢ度烫伤模型 ,于伤后 1、2、6、10、12、2 4、72h 7个时相点 ,对垂体前叶SP和CGRP两种肽能神经行免疫组织化学染色观察 ;经图像分析测定 ,比较两种神经覆盖面积的变化。　结果　两种肽能神经的形态变化明显 ;伤后 1hSP、CGRP神经数目与对照相比分别增加 85 .7%和 6 0 .5 % ,神经纤维的膨体、分枝等明显增多 ;2h后减少 ,2 4h后趋于恢复。图像分析显示 :两种肽能神经的覆盖面积呈正相关变化 ,其基本变化趋势为伤后 1h升高 ,随后降低 ,伤后 12h降至最低点 ,然后回升。　结论　烫伤后早期大鼠垂体前叶的SP与CGRP神经形态分布发生明显变化 ,可能参与了全身应激反应的功能调节     

背根神经节内P物质、降钙素基因相关肽免疫阳性神经元与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息的传递

目的：探讨背根神经节（DRG）内P物质（SP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）免疫阳性神经元与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息传递之问的关系。方法：通过荧光金（FG）逆行标记对大鼠阴茎包皮系带内神经末梢的来源作追踪定位，并结合SP、CGRP免疫荧光标记法，研究大鼠DRG内FG标记阳性神经元中SP、CGRP免疫阳性神经元的形态和分布。结果：FG逆行标记结果发现，大鼠阴茎包皮系带内的神经末梢起源于第6腰髓对应的背根神经节（L6-DRG）和第1骶髓对应的背根神经节（S1-DRG）的神经元。对这些神经元分别作SP、CGRP免疫荧光标记后发现，标记细胞大小不等，分别呈深红色和深绿色，沿神经束成行排列或散在分布。FG／SP、FG／CGRP双标记阳性细胞均为中小型，其数量分别占FG逆行标记阳性细胞总数的1／3和1／2，FG／SP／CGRP三标记阳性细胞占FG逆行标记阳性细胞总数的1／5。结论：大鼠L6-DRG和S1-DRG内的SP、CGRP免疫阳性神经元可能参与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息的传递。     

血管活性肠肽对脓毒性休克大鼠的保护作用

目的探讨血管活性肠肽（VIP）对脓毒性休克大鼠的保护作用及其可能机制。方法采用盲肠结扎加穿孔（CLP）法制备脓毒性休克大鼠模型。将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分成3组：假手术组（SO,n=10）、CLP组（n=10）和VIP组（n=10）。VIP组大鼠在行CLP术后即刻给予5nmol VIP,持续监测各组大鼠的平均动脉压（MAP）,统计20h存活率;应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-10（IL-10）水平;取大鼠肺、肾和肠等组织行病理检查。结果在8h以后的各时间点,VIP组的MAP显著高于CLP组（P〈0．05）;与CLP组比较,VIP组的TNF-α水平明显降低、IL-10水平明显升高。20h存活率显著提高（P〈0．05）。各脏器病理损伤明显改善。结论VIP通过抑制促炎因子的生成并促进抗炎因子的产生在大鼠脓毒性休克中发挥保护作用。     

三种实验性IgA肾病模型的比较

目的探讨建立一种理想的IgA肾病（IgAN）动物模型方法。方法分别采用葡聚糖G200、大肠杆菌外膜蛋白和金葡菌的细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇诱导小鼠IgA肾病模型。用分子生物学和病理学方法对3组IgAN模型小鼠进行鉴定和比较。结果（1）葡聚糖组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示部分肾小球大量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞增多，肝和脾可见弥漫性的粉染物质沉积；电镜下肾小球系膜区少量低电子密度的致密沉积物，肝和脾可见淀粉丝样物质沉积。（2）大肠杆菌外膜蛋白组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示肾小球有少量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞轻度增多，间质炎细胞浸润明显；电镜下肾小球系膜区无电子致密沉积物。（3）金葡菌细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示多数肾小球均可见大量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞增多，伴系膜基质轻度增生；电镜下肾小球系膜区和基底膜的内皮细胞下可见高电子密度的致密沉积物。结论金葡菌细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇组诱导的IgAN模型从临床表现和病理学变化与人IgAN极其相似，是3种IgAN模型中最理想的IgAN模型。     

慢性肾脏病非透析患者脑钠素与动脉粥样硬化及心功能的关系

目的 研究脑钠素（BNP）与慢性肾脏病（CKD）非透析患者动脉粥样硬化及心功能不全的关系。 方法 采用双抗夹心免疫荧光法检测203例CKD非透析患者与16例高血压患者对照组全血BNP水平，分析其与颈动脉超声结果、心脏彩超结果及既往心血管疾病史的关系。 结果 CKD非透析患者BNP水平与对照组相比显著升高[M（范围）：54.40(15.10～ 173.00) ng/L比9.35(7.35～15.00) ng/L，P < 0.01]。Spearman相关分析显示CKD患者BNP与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、左室心肌重量指数（LVMI）等呈正相关。存在颈动脉斑块、左室肥厚或既往发生过心血管事件的患者血BNP水平显著增高。多元回归分析显示LVMI、既往心血管事件均是影响BNP水平的独立因素。 结论 CKD非透析患者BNP水平和动脉粥样硬化性疾病、左室肥厚及心功能不全相关，提示BNP水平可作为一项评价CKD非透析患者心功能及动脉粥样硬化的敏感生物学指标。     

A case of acute heart failure associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome

Abstract Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a disease of the peripheral nervous system, which is caused by aberrant immune responses directed against some components of peripheral nerves. GBS is rarely accompanied by cardiovascular involvement. We describe a case of acute neuropathy complicated by sudden heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction which had a presumably neurogenic origin. Pathogenesis of acute heart failure is probably due to transitorial stunned myocardium and neurogenic cardiac injury. We show a rare case of transitorial and acute cardiac dysfunction by echocardiography and laboratory markers of heart failure.