Effects of ginsenosides on vascular reactivity in rat cerebral and renal arteries

Objective To investigate possible mechanisms underlying the antioxidant property(1)and the in vitro vasodilator effects(2)of the two ginsenosides,Rb1 and Rg1,in isolated rat renal and cerebral arteries.Methods Arterial rings were mounted in a multi-channel myograph for recording of isometric tension.To examine the antioxidant activity,some rings were exposed to a free radical-generating reaction(hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase)with and without pre-treatment with ginsenosides.The calcium antagonistic effects were tested on rings contracted by membrane depolarization in elevated extracellular potassium ions,a condition that promoted Ca2+ influx in vascular smooth muscle cells.Results Ginsenosides protected endothelial function(endothelial nitric oxide-dependent relaxation)against oxidative stress;(2)ginsenoside Rb1 reduced the high K+-induced contractions of both renal and cerebral arteries while ginsenoside Rg1 relaxed the rat cerebral artery but not the renal artery.Conclusions Ginsenosides are vaso-protective via(1)the antioxidant activity which protects endothelial cell function and(2)the inhibition of Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle.The vasodilator effects may suggest the potential preventive or therapeutic values of ginsenosides against stroke and renal hypertension.     

人参皂甙通过海马增强大鼠脾脏免疫功能的研究

本文探讨人参皂甙通过神经内分泌系统间接介导的免疫增强作用。研究结果;将微量人参皂甙经导管直接导入双侧海马(5×10~(-8)kg/侧,连续给药4d后,能明显增强脾脏T淋巴细胞ConA增殖反应,增强IL—2的产生,促进IL—2R的表达;提高SAC菌诱导的脾脏B淋巴细胞增殖反应;增强脾脏NK细胞活性.这提示人参皂甙可能通过海马介导脾脏免疫功能增强效应。     

绞股蓝总皂甙和人参总皂甙对大鼠急性心肌缺血心脏舒张功能保护作用的比较

 目的：评价绞股蓝总皂甙(Gyp)对大鼠急性心肌缺血心脏舒张功能保护作用，并同人参总皂甙(Gin)做比较。方法：用SMUP-160心功能测定软件，分别测定正常对照，提前给予Gyp(iv,40 mg/kg)和Gin(iv，40 mg/kg)组大 鼠心脏的舒张功能。结果:Gyp(iv,40mg/kg)对麻醉大鼠基础心功能无影响。Gin(iV,40 mg/kg)可显著降低心室收 缩崃压（LVSP）和心率（HR）（P<0.05或P<0.01),一过性降低心室压最大上升和下降速率（士dP/dt_max)和心肌纤维零负荷下最大缩短速率(V_max)，对等容舒张期压力下降时间常数T无影响。结扎大鼠冠脉左前降支即刻引起左室舒张功能损伤并于10min达到峰值，表现为等容收缩相T值显著延长，-dP/dt_max和-dP/dt_max·LVSP^-1明显降低，心室舒张末压（LVEDP)则明显升高。冠脉结扎前给予Gyp或Gin可显著（P<0.05或P<0.01)拮抗T值的延长，LVEDP的抬高和-dP/dt_max,-dP/dt_max·LVSP^-1的降低。结论:Gyp和Gin对大鼠实验性心肌缺血心脏舒张功能均有明显的保护作用。同Gyp相比,Gin似能更有效地改善急性心肌缺血所致LVEDP的抬高。     

洋参王浆咀嚼片的质量标准研究

目的制定洋参王浆咀嚼片质量标准。方法 采用TLC法对处方中的西洋参、蜂王浆两种组分进行定性鉴别；采用HPLC法对处方中西洋参的人参皂苷Re、Rg1和Rb1进行了含量测定。结果本方法线性关系良好，平均回收率为101．52％，RSD为0.51％。结论本法定性、定量检测准确、可靠，能有效控制洋参王浆咀嚼片的质量。     

绞股蓝积累人参皂苷的组织结构的研究

目的：系统研究绞股蓝叶、茎、根内人参皂苷积累的部位，为合理采收和保护资源提供依据。方法：组织化学和解剖学方法。结果：确定了绞 股蓝叶、茎、根内积累人参皂苷的组织结构以及组织结构中人参皂苷含量的差异。结论：纹股蓝茎叶内人参皂苷含量较根和根茎高，采收地上部分可达到药材质量高又保护资源的目的。     

人参皂甙拮抗脐血细胞凋亡作用的初步探索

目的：探讨人参皂甙对脐血细胞凋亡作用的影响。方法：实验分人参皂甙组、对照组和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组，采用流式细胞技术测定各组细胞的凋亡率。结果：人参皂甙组细胞凋亡率显著低于对照组，人参皂甙浓度与凋亡率之间呈负相关，人参皂甙组与ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组之间的凋亡率无明显差别。结论：人参皂甙具有抑制脐血细胞凋亡的作用。     

Effects of ginsenoside on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase B mRNA expression in the hippocampal formation of aged rats

BACKGROUND:There are a limited number of studies involving the effects of ginsenosides,the active component of ginseng,on expression of hippocampal TrkB mRNA in aged rats.OBJECTIVE:To observe expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB)mRNA in the hippocampal formation of aged rats,as well as changes after ginsenoside administrated.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy,College of Basic Medical Sciences,China Medical University in March 2005.MATERIALS:A total of 39 female,Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=13 each):young (3-5 months old),aged(27 months old),and ginsenoside group(received 25mg/kg/d ginsenoside in the drinking water between 17 and 27 months of age).METHODS:Following anesthesia,the rats were exsanguinated and perfused transcardially with chilled,heparinized,0.9% saline.The brains were removed and post-fixed in 40 g/L paraformaldehyde/phosphate buffer for 20 minutes,and further incubated in 30% sucrose/phosphate buffer overnight.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:In situ hybridization,immunohistochemistry,and image analysis were used to investigate expression of BDNF and Trk(B mRNA in the hippocampal formation.RESULTS:The expression levels of BDNF in the hippocampal CA3 and CA1 of aged rats was significantly less than the young group(t=2.879,1.814,1.984,P<0.05).BDNF expression was significantly greater in the dentate gyrus of the ginsenoside group,compared with the aging group(t=1.943,P<0.01).The expression of TrkB mRNA in the hippocampal CA3,CA1,and dentate gyrus of aged rats was less than the young group(t=3.540,3.629,17.905,P<0.01).TrkB mRNA expression in the CA3 region and dentate gyrus of the ginsenoside group was significantly greater compared with the aging group(t=1.293,3.386,P<0.05.0.01).CONCLUSION:BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in the hippocampal formation were reduced in the aged group.However,ginsenosides can increase BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in the hippocampal formation.     

Effects of ginsenoside on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase B mRNA expression in the hippocampal formation of aged rats*☆

BACKGROUND： There are a limited number of studies involving the effects of ginsenosides, the active component of ginseng, on expression of hippocampal TrkB mRNA in aged rats.
OBJECTIVE： To observe expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and tyrosine kinase B （TrkB） mRNA in the hippocampal formation of aged rats, as well as changes after ginsenoside administrated.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University in March 2005.
MATERIALS： A total of 39 female, Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups （n = 13 each）： young （3-5 months old）, aged （27 months old）, and ginsenoside group （received 25mg/kg/d ginsenoside in the drinking water between 17 and 27 months of age）.
METHODS： Following anesthesia, the rats were exsanguinated and perfused transcardially with chilled, heparinized, 0.9% saline. The brains were removed and post-fixed in 40 g/L paraformaldehyde/phosphate buffer for 20 minutes, and further incubated in 30% sucrose/phosphate buffer overnight.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and image analysis were used to investigate expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA in the hippocampal formation. RESULTS： The expression levels of BDNF in the hippocampal CA3 and CA1 of aged rats was significantly less than the young group （t = 2.879, 1.814, 1.984, P 〈 0.05）. BDNF expression was significantly greater in the dentate gyrus of the ginsenoside group, compared with the aging group （t = 1.943, P 〈 0.01）. The expression of TrkB mRNA in the hippocampal CA3, CA1, and dentate gyrus of aged rats was less than the young group （t = 3.540, 3.629, 17.905, P 〈 0.01）. TrkB mRNA expression in the CA3 region and dentate gyrus of the ginsenoside group was significantly greater compared with the aging group （t = 1.293, 3.386, P 〈 0.05, 0.01 ）.
CONCLUSION： BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in the hipp     

丹参酮ⅡA、人参皂苷Rg_1和人参皂苷Rb_1配伍对平滑肌细胞的抑制作用

目的:探讨丹参酮ⅡA与复方丹参方中另两种有效成分人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Rb1不同剂量配伍时对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖、迁移的作用.方法:血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)0.1 μmol/L诱导大鼠VSMC增殖,随后采用MTT法检测增殖细胞的活性、细胞划痕损伤实验检测细胞迁移数目、流式细胞术检测细胞周期的分布.结果:两味药配伍组中 Rg1 10 μmol/L Rb1 7 μmol/L、三味药配伍组中ⅡA 4 μmol/L Rg1 1 μmol/L Rb1 7 μmol/L抑制VSMC增殖的作用显著高于其他各组,且可以抑制细胞迁移,使细胞阻滞在G1期(P<0.01).结论:上述两种配伍可以明显抑制VSMC的增殖、迁移.