肝移植术后胆道并发症的磁共振评价

目的:探讨磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)联合MR断面图像在诊断肝移植术后胆道并发症中的应用价值.方法:对57例肝移植术后怀疑有胆道并发症的患者行MR检查,分析其表现,并与手术、胆道造影、肝脏活检和,临床随访结果进行对照.比较MRCP和MRCP联合MR断面图像对胆道并发症诊断的确诊率.结果:57例患者胆道并发症发生率64.9%(37/57).其中吻合口狭窄患者14例,非吻合口狭窄8例.孤立性胆道结石或胆泥淤积5例,胆管炎及胆管周围炎3例,胆汁湖/胆汁瘤3例,供体-受体胆总管不匹配3例,肝外胆管吻合后过长1例.对胆道并发症诊断的准确率,MRCP为75.7%(28/37),MRCP联合MRI断面图像为94.6%(35/37),两者差别有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:MRCP联合MR断面图像能提高胆道并发症诊断的准确性.     

Diagnostic value of different urine tests for urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThere are differences in specificity and sensitivity of different routine urine tests for urinary tract infection, so meta-analysis was used to compare the diagnostic value of various urine analysis and detection methods in urinary tract infection, including bacterial culture, urine sediment microscopy, automated urinalysis, and routine urine dry chemical methods.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to December 2021. Two system assessors independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan version 5.3 (the Cochrane Collaboration) and Meta-DiSc were used to calculate the combined sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), negative likelihood ratio (LR–), and diagnostic ratio (DOR) of the diagnostic tests and draw summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves.ResultsA total of 14 documents were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There was a significant statistical difference between the urine sediment microscopy group and the urine normalization group in urine leucocyte detection (OR =2.15, 95% CI: 1.29–3.56, P=0.003, I²=19%, Z=2.95), urine erythrocyte test (OR =1.87, 95% CI: 1.13–3.09, P=0.01, I²=0%, Z=2.45), quantitative determination of urinary protein composition (OR =2.32, 95% CI: 1.27–4.23, P=0.006, I²⁼30%, Z=2.73), and determination of urinary enzymes (OR =1.67, 95% CI: 1.03–2.72, P=0.04, I²⁼0%, Z=2.07).DiscussionWhen examining red and white blood cells in urinary tract infection diagnosis, urine dry chemistry is superior to automated urinalysis in terms of area under the curve (AUC), Sen, Spe, etc. When examining urine bacteria, urine dry chemistry can be recommended for urine bacteria screening, with bacterial culture required for confirmation.     

Association between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome and respiratory tract infections in children: A prospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome and the incidence of pneumonia and recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) in children.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in the pediatric outpatient department of Beijing Dongfang Hospital. Children without respiratory tract infections (RTIs) were consecutively recruited according to the selection criteria. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to record traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms and demographic and physiological characteristics. Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome was considered to be a predisposing factor and was diagnosed according to a scale with reliability and validity. The participants were followed up for 12 months. Participants and their parents or guardians were contacted via clinical interviews and telephone every 6 months. Episodes of pneumonia and RTIs were recorded in detail.ResultsA total of 420 children were included. Of participants, 370 (88.10%) were followed up for 12 months. The mean number of RTI episodes per participant was 5.37 (95% CI: 5.14 to 5.60). In total, 186 participants in the gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome group and 184 participants in the non-gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome group completed the 12-month follow-up period. The baseline of both groups was comparable. The incidence of RRTIs in children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome was 1.27 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.59) times that in children without gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome. Logistic regression analysis revealed that abnormally increased appetite with frequent hunger, foul breath, dry stools, and dark red or purple fingerprints were positively correlated with the incidence of pneumonia. Irascibility and feverish feelings in the palms and soles were positively correlated with the occurrence of RRTI.ConclusionsGastrointestinal heat retention syndrome is a risk factor for RRTIs in children. Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up time are warranted to confirm the degree of causal risk associated with RTIs.     

Efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in Japanese patients with severe eosinophilic asthma

Background

The MENSA trial assessed the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. This report describes the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in Japanese patients from MENSA.

Comparison of Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes After Surgical Redo Mitral Valve Replacement and Transcatheter Mitral Valve-in-Valve Therapy

Objectives

There are minimal data regarding clinical outcomes and echocardiographic findings after transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve replacement (TMVR) compared with redo surgical mitral valve replacement (SMVR).

三腔营养管在上消化道疾病治疗中的应用效果观察

目的 观察三腔营养管在上消化道疾病治疗中的应用效果.方法 回顾性分析广西壮族自治区人民医院2017-03～2019-12收治的21例采用三腔营养管进行治疗的上消化道疾病患者的临床资料.统计患者的鼻饲时间、引流量及引流事件等情况.分析患者治疗前后电解质、营养指标、免疫指标变化情况.结果21例患者经治疗后均顺利出院,无严重...     

内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道病变

目的探讨内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)治疗消化道病变的疗效、安全性及并发症防治。方法回顾性分析ESD方法治疗29例(共31块)消化道病变的内镜下手术情况、并发症及治疗、预后情况。结果术中出血2例,1例创面小动脉出血,内镜下钛夹止血,另1例胃黏膜下持续出血,形成血肿,中转开腹行胃窦切除术;1例直肠管状腺瘤ESD术后7天大出血,经肛门缝扎止血;术中发现肠壁穿孔1例,中转开腹行肠壁修补术。29例患者均痊愈出院,无1例留下后遗症,平均住院时间5 d。随访2～27个月未见复发。结论 ESD治疗消化道病变是安全的,可以一次性完整切除较大病变,提供完整的病理学资料,且术后不易复发。缺点是操作时间长,技术难度较大,并发症较EMR多。     

下呼吸道铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性分析与相关危险因素探讨

目的对下呼吸道的铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性和相关危险因素进行探讨分析。方法在我院治疗的下呼吸道感染160例患者痰液标本分离出的菌株进行分析,分析多重耐药菌分布、耐药性和相关危险因素。结果我院下呼吸道感染以革兰阴性菌为主,绝大多数的菌株均有不同程度的耐药。抗生素滥用、有创检查等为铜绿假单胞菌耐药的危险因素。结论严格监控致病菌和高危因素,防止致病菌在医院内流行。     

老年糖尿病患者泌尿道感染的病原谱及药敏分析

目的了解老年糖尿病患者泌尿道感染的常见病原菌及药敏情况。方法采用细菌培养鉴定、药敏试验方法,对老年糖尿病合并泌尿道感染患者的70株中段尿分离菌株进行统计学分析。结果70株病原菌中,革兰氏阴性菌占65．7％;革兰氏阳性菌占21．4％;真菌占12．9％。革兰氏阴性菌中大肠埃希菌最多;革兰氏阳性菌中溶血葡萄球菌最多,未发现对万古霉素耐药的肠球菌。真菌以白假丝酵母菌为主。革兰氏阴性菌敏感性高的抗生素：美洛培南和亚胺培南、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦;革兰氏阳性菌中,溶血葡萄球菌对夫西地酸、利福平、米诺环素、替考拉宁、万古霉素、呋喃妥因、喹奴普汀／达福普汀高度敏感,粪肠球菌及屎肠球菌仅对替考拉宁、万古霉素敏感性较高。白假丝酵母菌对氟康唑、伊曲康唑等药物敏感性较高。结论老年糖尿病患者合并泌尿道感染,常见的致病菌为革兰氏阴性菌。因细菌耐药率高,应及早进行中段尿培养及药敏试验。     

Autonomic Nervous System Neuroanatomical Alterations Could Provoke and Maintain Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Novel Microbiome–Host Interaction Mechanistic Hypothesis

Dysbiosis secondary to environmental factors, including dietary patterns, antibiotics use, pollution exposure, and other lifestyle factors, has been associated to many non-infective chronic inflammatory diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is related to maternal inflammation, although there is no conclusive evidence that affected individuals suffer from systemic low-grade inflammation as in many psychological and psychiatric diseases. However, neuro-inflammation and neuro–immune abnormalities are observed within ASD-affected individuals. Rebalancing human gut microbiota to treat disease has been widely investigated with inconclusive and contradictory findings. These observations strongly suggest that the forms of dysbiosis encountered in ASD-affected individuals could also originate from autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning abnormalities, a common neuro–anatomical alteration underlying ASD. According to this hypothesis, overactivation of the sympathetic branch of the ANS, due to the fact of an ASD-specific parasympathetic activity deficit, induces deregulation of the gut–brain axis, attenuating intestinal immune and osmotic homeostasis. This sets-up a dysbiotic state, that gives rise to immune and osmotic dysregulation, maintaining dysbiosis in a vicious cycle. Here, we explore the mechanisms whereby ANS imbalances could lead to alterations in intestinal microbiome–host interactions that may contribute to the severity of ASD by maintaining the brain–gut axis pathways in a dysregulated state.