佝偻病简易诊断与骨X线及实验性诊断的相关性

目的 探讨婴幼儿佝偻病的简易诊断与骨X线、实验性诊断的相关性。方法 对简易诊断为佝偻病的166例小儿全部作骨X线、骨碱性磷酸酶（BALP）,血生化检查。结果 经骨X线确诊为佝偻病78例（47．0％）。BALP检测结果与X线检查结果符合率最高。夜惊、多汗、乒乓头、枕秃在佝偻病患儿中发生率较高。结论 简易诊断具有一定的实用价值,可应用于我国基层卫生机构,若有条件应用骨X线、BALP、血生化测定则可提高佝偻病诊断的准确性。     

前列腺增生症的中医诊断和疗效标准设想

前列腺增生症的中医诊断和疗效标准，不宜采用中医病名。前列腺增生症的诊断，应以国际协调委员会推荐的前列腺疾病诊断标准为主，主要依靠症状评分、生活质量评估、尿流率、剩余尿量、前列腺大小等。中医辨证分型则根据目前常见的５～８个类型，总结为虚实两类，分为７个证型。疗效评定标准，宜分为日常诊务疗效评价和临床研究疗效评价。     

舌诊与血液流变学的研究

对２６６例慢性病患者以血液的红细胞压积、全血粘度等７项检测为指标，按舌诊中舌体、舌质、舌苔分类，比较舌象与血液流变学的关系。结果，胖大舌红细胞压积明显升高而全血粘度无明显改变，瘦小舌红细胞压积明显降低而全血还原粘度、全血粘度明显升高。发现暗淡舌、暗红舌、暗紫舌红细胞压积值及全血粘度均有不同程度的升高；随舌质由淡、红、紫色的加深，全血粘度质呈递增趋势。血液流变学的指标测定对阐明舌体、舌质的形成原理具有一定价值；舌象可以反映人体血液流变学的一些变化，为中医舌诊辨证的科学性提供了有力证据     

Rapid enlargement of a choledochal cyst: antenatal diagnosis and delayed primary excision

A case of choledochal cyst (CC) antenatally diagnosed at 29 weeks' gestation is reported. Rapid enlargement of the cyst soon after delivery resulted in complete gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). The lesion was treated by external drainage as a temporary maneuver, with delayed cyst excision and hepaticoduodenostomy at the hepatic hilum performed at 81 days of age. Surgical treatment of CC in early infancy has been reported to be safe and effective. However, delayed primary excision would be an alternative procedure, especially in rare cases showing rapid enlargement resulting in GOO, since this choice has the potential advantage of allowing weight gain and improved nutritional status without risking interim complications due to the drainage procedure. Accepted: 24 March 1997     

垂体功能异常的蝶窦影像学诊断意义

为探讨蝶窦变的像学诊断与垂体功能异常的关系，分析７例垂体功能异常的蝶窦病变的影像学表现；结果示７例垂体功能异常者重体影像均异常，     

Diagnostic Rules for Children with PDD-NOS and Multiple Complex Developmental Disorder

This study was designed to examine the classification performance of diagnostic rules for pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and multiple complex developmental disorder (McDD), with clinical diagnosis as the gold standard. McDD is an heuristic concept of a developmental disorder characterised by social impairments, affective dysregulation, and thought disturbance. Detailed information on the symptoms, reliably extracted from the charts of 103 children with PDD-NOS and McDD, 32 with autistic disorder, and 96 with non-PDD disorders, was used to determine the presence of the DSMIV criteria of autistic disorder and the criteria of McDD. A scoring rule for PDD-NOS based on a short set of seven DSM-IV criteria with a cut-off point of three items and one social interaction item set as mandatory had the best balance between high sensitivity and high specificity. The most effective and simple rule based on McDD criteria had a cut-off of three items, out of six items of anxieties and thought disturbance.     

Ewing肉瘤诊断与治疗的体会（附9例报告）

Ewing肉瘤(尤文肉瘤)是骨科少见的一种高度恶性低分化的小圆细胞原发骨肿瘤。对青少年的危害极大,目前在诊断与治疗上存在不少问题,在治疗方法上有颇多争议。本文通过9例Ewing肉瘤的诊治提出了长管状骨及扁平骨Ewing肉瘤的特征及诊断方法。减少了误诊率;同时对其治疗提出术前全身化疗、术中局部化疗、术后化疗加放疗的综合治疗方案,以减少肿瘤复发及转移机率,为保存患肢功能,提高病人5年存活率,我们认为这是一种治疗Ew-ing氏肉瘤的有效方案。     

Molekulare Aspekte und diagnostische Wertigkeiten von Pilzallergenen

Zusammenfassung. Die Klonierung, Sequenzierung und Produktion von hochreinen Allergenen bietet die Möglichkeit, perfekt standardisierte Allergenpräparate herzustellen. Die Entwicklung eines neuen Klonierungssystems, das auf filamentösen Phagen basiert, führte zu einer schnellen Isolierung und Charakterisierung von Aspergillus fumigatus-Allergenen. Die auf diesem Weg rekombinant hergestellten Proteine wurden serologisch und klinisch geprüft und ihr routinemä-ßiger Einsatz im ImmunoCAP-System evaluiert. Es gelang eine quantitative Übereinstimmung zwischen Hauttestergebnissen und Serologie nachzuweisen, welche das Potential rekombinanter Allergene in der Diagnostik allergischer Krankheiten aufzeigt. Darüber hinaus trägt die Charakterisierung der Pilzallergene wesentlich zum Verständnis der moiekularen Natur der allergieauslösenden Komponenten bei Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt können, abgesehen von Proteinen mit unbekannten biologischen Funktionen, die Pilzallergene in zwei Klassen eingeteilt werden: 1. Spezies-spezifische sezcrnierte Allergene und 2. cytoplasmatische, hoch konservierte Proteine. Diese letztgenannten Pilzallergene zeigen auch zu Proteinen aus phylogenetisch weit entfernten Organismen weitreichende Sequenzhomologien. Neben der daraus zu erwartenden IgE-Kreuzreaktivität findet man in einigen Fällen auch eine Kreuzreaktivität mit den homologen humanen Proteinen, was auf Autoimmunreaktionen, bei Pilzalleigien hindeutet. Summary. Cloning, sequencing and production of highly pure recombinant allergens allows to produce perfectly standardised allergen preparations. The development of a new cloning system based on filamentous phage allowed the fast isolation and characterisation of allergens from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The produced recombinant allergens were tested in serological and clinical studies as well as for their performance for routine assessments in the ImmunoCAP-system. Thereby, a perfect correlation between skin test results and serology was found showing the potential of recombinant allergens for the diagnosis of allergic diseases. Moreover, the characterisation of fungal allergens substantially contributes to our understanding of the molecular nature of proteins involved in the elication of allergic reactions. Apart from allergenic proteins with unknown biological function, fungal allergens can be subdivided into two classes: 1. Species-specific, secreted proteins and 2. cytoplasmic, even in phylogenetically distant organisms, well conserved proteins. These fungal allergens show extended sequence similarity, a high level of IgE cross-reactivity and in some cases also cross-reactivity with homologous human proteins indicating autoimmune reactions involved in fungal allergy.     

原发性胆囊癌41例诊治体会

作者报告１９８６年至１９９６年间手术治疗并经病理诊断的４１例原发性胆囊癌，着重分析了影响早期发现胆囊癌的各种有关因素。作者认为，对本病应有足够的认识，联合应用多种检查方法是提高早期诊断率的有效手段，术中应重视对胆囊标本的检查。     

FISH Preimplantation Diagnosis of Chromosome Aneuploidy in Recurrent Pregnancy Wastage

Purpose: Our purpose was to detect aneuploidy for chromosomes 13, 16,18, 21, 22, X, and Y in preimplantation embryos from patients with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage. Methods: Three patients with a history of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion were included in this study. Embryos were biopsied at the eight-cell stage, individually fixed on slides, and processed for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). A multiple FISH protocol for seven chromosomes pairs (13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X, and Y) has been developed. Results: A total of 39 embryos was studied with the multiple FISH protocol developed. Successful analysis of the biopsied embryos was achieved within the time limits usually allowed in a preimplantation diagnosis program. Analysis of the blastomeres showed that 17 embryos were chromosomally normal for the probes used, 16 embryos were aneuploid, and in 6 embryos no informative results were obtained. Conclusions: In the patients studied, a large proportion of embryos (41%) exhibited chromosomal abnormalities for the probes used. Preimplantation diagnosis to screen for chromosome abnormalities could be a feasible approach to improve the possibility of successful pregnancy in these couples.