Protective effects of quercetin against phenylhydrazine-induced vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats.

Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the development of vascular dysfunction found in various pathological conditions. Quercetin, one of the potent antioxidant bioflavonoid compounds, has been shown to alleviate oxidative injury by modulation of gene expression leading to suppression of production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and conferring an antiapoptotic activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of quercetin in a model of phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced oxidant stress, vascular dysfunction and hemodynamic disturbance in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered quercetin orally (25 or 50mg/kg/day) for 6 days. On day four, all animals except those in the normal control group, were administered PHZ intraperitoneally. The results showed that PHZ induced severe hemolysis. The mean arterial pressure and hindlimb vascular resistance of PHZ-control rats were markedly decreased compared to normal controls. Treatment with quercetin significantly improved arterial blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance. Vascular responsiveness to bradykinin, acetylcholine, and phenylephrine in PHZ-control rats was dramatically suppressed and quercetin restored these responses in a dose-dependent manner. Quercetin partially protected blood glutathione, suppressed plasma malondialdehyde levels, and largely suppressed nitric oxide metabolites and superoxide anion production. These results provide the first evidence for the role of the flavonoid, quercetin, in the alleviation of vascular dysfunction in an animal model of PHZ-induced oxidant stress.     

中国居民对仿制药的认知及其相关因素的调查和分析

目的:了解居民对于仿制药的认知,并探索可能影响其认知的相关因素,为设计干预措施以促进仿制药的合理替代使用提供理论支持。方法:依托全国医药信息网建立的36个分网单位,获取居民对仿制药的认知与行为意向的线上问卷调查数据。结果:15 046份问卷显示,有16.9%的居民对仿制药的概念完全不了解;13.22%的人不知道自己所使用的药物是原研药还是仿制药;64.04%的人表示接受使用任何仿制药,75.47%的人表示对于过评仿制药将接受使用。居民"使用过评仿制药的意愿"在不同地区、患慢性病种数、医保类型、性别、年龄、学历、居住地和月收入的组别中存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:当前中国居民对仿制药的了解和关注程度较低,认知存在偏差;相较于未过评仿制药,居民对过评仿制药更为认可。建议中国完善仿制药的科普宣传体系,在持续推进仿制药一致性评价的同时,做好过评药品临床疗效的监测工作。     

带量采购对新泰市中医医院降压药使用情况的影响

目的 对比新泰市中医医院药品集中带量采购前后1年的降压药相关用药数据,分析和探讨药品集采政策对基层医疗机构降压药使用的影响,为相关政策的制定提供一定参考。方法 检索医院HIS系统,并比对药品集采中选目录,筛选出目标药物,查询并确定其限定日剂量（DDD）值,采用Microsoft Excel 2019导出集采前后2个时间段内降压药相关用药信息,进行分类统计整理,计算对比用药频度（DDDs）、限定日费用（DDC）、药品价格指数（DPI）、仿制药替代率和药费节省率等评价指标。结果 纳入目标药物12个品种,涉及30个品规,中选品规的调整幅达66.67%;追踪到16个品规的价格降幅为3.6%～82.79%,最大调整差价达3.091元/片;11个品种的平均仿制药替代率高达91.19%,国产仿制药的DDDs或DDDs占比明显提高,8个品种进口原研药的DDDs降幅为13.07%～100%;所有品种共节省药费1 726 946.66元,药费总体节省率为69.37%,11个品种的DDC平均降幅为75.49%;药理类别不同的6类降压药较基期调整后的DPI范围为7.99%～56.57%;ARB、ACEI和BB类降压药的DDDs、DDDs占比都出现增长,DIU类和复合制剂的DDDs、DDDs占比都出现下降,CCB类的DDDs出现增加,而DDDs占比却出现下降。结论 药品集中采购后,基层医疗机构优先充实了中选药品,对国产仿制药的认可度和使用量大大提高,药物治疗更加贴近基层患者的高血压病特点;选择药物时更加兼顾价格因素和药理特点,确实显著地减轻了就诊患者的药费负担,也为基层医疗机构费用结构的优化提供了有力支撑。     

Key issues in the pharmaceutical industry: consequences on R&D

Drug discovery is hard, and is becoming progressively harder, with the passage of time! No other field has to handle such an interplay of scientific, fiscal and political factors. The rewards are, nonetheless, worth it: people now live healthier and longer lives than at any point of time in the past. Times are, however, hard for pharmaceutical companies: research and development (R&D) costs are spiralling out of control. New drug approvals, on the other hand, have hit a record low; and the situation is expected to worsen, now that the FDA seems to be exhibiting stricter drug approval standards. Other issues also exacerbate circumstances: huge numbers of blockbuster medicines, which drugmakers rely on to generate their incomes, are coming off patent, and generic competition is intensifying. Both public and investor confidence in the industry have fallen drastically owing to rising drug prices, product safety concerns and late-stage clinical trial failures. This article discusses the key issues that pharmaceutical companies face and in particular the implications they have for the R&D process. I finish by suggesting how drugmakers should change their R&D strategies to succeed.     

新时代背景下中成药名英译问题及对策探究

就目前中成药名英译中存在的问题进行了归纳总结并尝试提出相应对策,以期推动中成药译名尽快实现规范化、标准化。     

加强"点名手术"的管理

随着市场经济在我国的全面发展，特殊医疗服务在医疗服务中的地位日趋重要。“点名手术“在提出后的十年中有了一定发展，但其真正作用并未得到充分发挥。因此，在现今繁荣的市场中建立一个良好的适合我国国情的管理体制势在必行。“点名手术“作为一项特殊服务有其利也有其弊，但是只要有正确而有效的管理体制的约束就能扬长避短，消除其负面影响，使“点名手术“真正的为社会主义医疗市场服务，满足广大000000人民群众的医疗保健需要。     

Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake from the ratings of perceived exertion and heart rate during a perceptually-regulated sub-maximal exercise test in active and sedentary participants

This study assessed whether the accuracy of predicting maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) from sub-maximal heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) values was moderated by gender and habitual activity. In total, 27 men and 18 women completed two GXTs to determine VO2max and three perceptually-regulated GXTs, incremented by RPE 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17. The RPE and HR were individually regressed against VO2max (approximately 0.96) to enable predictions of VO2max. The VO2max was predicted from three RPE ranges (9-17, 9-15, 9-13). The RPE ranges were extrapolated to RPE(19), RPE(20) and age-predicted maximal HR (HRmax(pred)). ANOVA revealed no differences between measured and predicted VO2max (P > 0.05) when the RPE range 9-17 was extrapolated to RPE(19) and HRmax(pred). Extrapolation of RPE 9-17 to RPE(20) overestimated VO2max (P < 0.05), but no differences were observed when predicted from the RPE ranges 9-15 and 9-13. The prediction of VO2max was not moderated by gender or activity status. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that HR explained additional variance in VO2max when added to the RPE (2%). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis also indicated that VO2max was significantly correlated with power output at sub-maximal RPE values of 13 and 15 (P < 0.01) in men and women. The addition of HRmax(pred) improved the accuracy of the prediction equation for men (P = 0.05) but not for women. The study confirmed the validity of estimating VO2max from perceptually-regulated, sub-maximal GXT and indicated the potential utility of regression analysis to gauge appropriate sub-maximal exercise intensities.