State-of-the-Art Management of Acute Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Disease

The management of patients with non variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding has evolved, as have its causes and prognosis, over the past 20 years. The addition of high-quality data coupled to the publication of authoritative national and international guidelines have helped define current-day standards of care. This review highlights the relevant clinical evidence and consensus recommendations that will hopefully result in promoting the effective dissemination and knowledge translation of important information in the management of patients afflicted with this common entity.     

腹部手术后促进胃肠功能恢复方法及护理进展

阐述胃肠功能紊乱的定义以及腹部手术后胃肠功能紊乱的相关因素,综述腹部手术后促进胃肠功能恢复的方法和护理进展。     

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (STIS71) as an anticancer agent for solid tumours

Imatinib mesylate, also known as ST1571 or CGP57148, is a competitive inhibitor of a few tyrosine kinases, including BCR-ABL, ABL, KIT, and the platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-R). It binds to the ATP-binding site of the target kinase and prevents the transfer of phosphate from ATP to the tyrosine residues of various substrates. At oral doses of 300 mg or greater, the vast majority of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia achieve a haematological response and this is usually associated with limited toxicity. Imatinib also has substantial activity in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia expressing the BCR-ABL fusion protein. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTS) have also been evaluated for clinical activity of imatinib. About 90% of malignant GISTs harbour a mutation in c-kit leading to KIT receptor autophosphorylation and ligand-independent activation. According to initial clinical studies, more than 50% of GISTs respond to therapy within a few months, and only about 10-15% progress. The potential for cure and the optimal length of treatment are currently not known. Several other human cancers may over-express KIT or PDGF-R, and clinical trials to evaluate the role of imatinib in the treatment of such cancers are currently ongoing. Imatinib is an example of a specifically designed, highly targeted cancer therapy, which poses novel requirements for both pathology laboratories and clinicians in terms of identifying the major molecular mechanisms involved in tumour growth.     

Integration in Interorganizational Hospice Care Systems

Hospice programs currently have a need to improve the integration of their services across organizational and professional boundaries. Coordination of decision making and client flow patterns are defined in this paper as integrative mechanism which must be employed by all hospice programs which are interorganizational in nature: that is, the program is delivered by a cluster of agencies providing care to the same population of patients. Also discussed are four system characteristics which determine the choice of these integrative mechanisms: scope of service, intensity of service, centrality of the system, and division of labor. The results of an empirical study of two different hospice service delivery systems indicate that as scope and intensity increase, the amount of integration must increase also. If it does not, the findings suggest that a “poor fit” results. It is shown that service integration fit can be measured by a discrepancy score: a high discrepancy is predictive of dissatisfaction with service effectiveness among hospice workers.     

Management of Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia

ABSTRACT

Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia as currently provided in the United Kingdom is discussed. The role of interventional procedures when pharmacotherapy alone is inadequate is described. Perspectives from specialist in Romania and Belgium also are provided.     

桥小脑角区三叉神经与周围动脉关系的显微外科解剖研究

目的模拟桥脑小脑角入路显微解剖的方法,观察三叉神经与周围动脉的解剖关系.方法采用20个经福尔马林固定,灌注蛛红明胶的成人尸头,在手术显微镜下解剖观察并测量有关数据.结果两侧三叉神经受血管压迫或血管接触的机率相同(P＞0.05),但以小脑上动脉为主.三叉神经与矢状面成角12°±3°,与冠状面成角75°±5°,与水平面成角9°±3°.结论本研究为临床开展微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛或其它桥脑小脑角手术提供了一定的解剖依据.     

老年人和非老年非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的病因和合并症特征比较

 目的 提高老年人非静脉曲张破裂上消化道出血(non-varicealupper upper gastrointestinal bleeding, NVUGB)的早期识别水平。方法 利用电子病历管理系统检索某医学中心2015-01至2017-01所有以“上胃肠道出血”为出院诊断的病历资料,对符合条件的病例采用回顾性队列研究分析患者的诊断线索、病因及共存病特征。年龄≥60岁为老年组,18～59 岁患者为非老年组,比较分析两组临床资料。结果 呕血、黑便、呕血+黑便及低血容量状态为诊断上胃肠道出血的主要线索,其中老年组呕血比率15.2％(23例)显著低于非老年组23.4％(26例)(P<0.01),而低血容量状态比率10.6％(16例)显著高于非老年组6.0％(7例)(P<0.05)。老年组前三位病因依次是十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡和上消化道肿瘤,非老年组依次为上消化道肿瘤、十二指肠溃疡和胃溃疡。老年组(134/151)共存病显著多于非老年组(78/112)(P<0.01)。结论 老年人NVUGB的主要危险因素是共存病多和抗血小板治疗,主要病因是十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡和上消化道肿瘤,早期胃镜检查是明确诊断的关键。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗消化道早期癌及癌前病变长期疗效的单中心回顾性队列分析

目的研究内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道早癌或癌前病变的长期疗效以及术后复发的影响因素。方法收集73例患者的临床及随访资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-rank和Breslow检验,以及Cox风险比例模型进行统计学分析。结果胃和结直肠ESD术后中位无复发生存时间(DFS)大于该研究最长随访时间(65个月),食管中位生存时间为44.5个月;与胃和结直肠相比,食管ESD术后DFS明显减少(χ~2=12.61,P=0.000;χ~2=7.09,P=0.008);病灶异型程度(浸润深度)和病灶面积影响ESD术后DFS(P=0.027,OR=2.38,95%CI:1.10~5.12;P=0.074,OR=0.90,95%CI:0.80~1.01)。结论 ESD术是切除消化道早期癌和癌前病变并维持长期不复发的有效内镜下手术方法 ;异型程度(浸润深度)是影响ESD术后DFS的独立危险因素;病灶面积在影响ESD术后的DFS方面具有临床意义。     

Sclerosed liver hemangioma mimicking malignant tumor at MR imaging: Pathologic correlation

This case report illustrates atypical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in a liver hemangioma mimicking a malignant lesion—lower signal intensity than cerebrospinal fluid on T2-weighted spin-echo images and lack of early enhancement on dynamic contrast material—enhanced gradient-echo images. Pathologic analysis demonstrated nearly total replacement of the vascular cavities by dense fibrous tissue. In this rare, sclerosed form, this lesion could not be defined as a hemangioma with MR imaging.     

Evaluation of esophageal bile reflux after total gastrectomy by gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary dual scintigraphy

Conducting the qualitative evaluation of reconstruction methods is difficult because of their complexity. The aim of the present study was to compare esophageal bile and food reflux by performing gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary dual scintigraphy (GHDS) after various methods of reconstruction following total gastrectomy. Of 17 patients studied, 4 had undergone Roux-en-Y anastomoses (R-Y); 6, jejunal pouch-Y anastomoses (P-Y); and 7, jejunal pouch interposition (P-I). GHDS was performed 1 year after surgery using¹¹¹In-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid administered orally, and^99mTc-pyridoxyl-5-methyl tryptophan administered intravenously. Imaging data from a gamma camera were stored in and processed by a data analyzer. Three patients who had undergone R-Y and one who had undergone P-I complained of heartburn, while one who had undergone R-Y, two who had undergone P-Y, and three who had undergone P-I complained of a feeling of fullness. Esophageal bile reflux was confirmed by GHDS in four of the patients who had undergone R-Y, one who had undergone P-Y, and four who had undergone P-I. Moreover, GHDS demonstrated food retention in two patients who had undergone R-Y, five who had undergone P-Y, and four who had undergone P-I. Weight loss was closely related to the esophageal reflux of bile or food which can be accurately detected by GHDS. Despite the absence of heartburn, patients diagnosed as having bile reflux by GHDS showed poor recovery of body weight.