2004～2013年国内胃食管反流病误诊相关文献分析

[目的]本文旨在探讨国内胃食管反流病的误诊现状、原因及相应对策。[方法]对国内2004～2013年10年期间公开发表的相关文献进行回顾性分析,总结GERD被误诊的疾病种类、原因及减少误诊的对策。[结果]共检索到符合要求的相关文献82篇,涉及2 038个病例,30个病种,12种210条误诊原因,其中呼吸系统疾病（35.28%）、心血管系统疾病（34.79%）和耳鼻喉科疾病（28.61%）三者所占比例高,共占98.68%。[结论]统计结果显示,误诊原因与各科室医师对该病认识不足,病史、体检等信息采集不详细及GERD不典型的症状等关系密切,提示我们要提高自身对GERD认识,对待患者应认真负责,养成严谨的思维模式。     

胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病对高血压的影响

[目的]观察胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病对高血压的影响。[方法]回顾性分析2011-06—2012-08期间20例行腹腔镜胃底折叠术的胃食管反流病合并高血压患者的临床资料,依照反流病诊断问卷在手术前和手术后进行反流症状评分。[结果]20例均成功实施腹腔镜手术并于术后第12个月随访。反流总积分(Sc)由术前20.0±9.5降至术后0.5±0.9(P0.05),术后收缩压下降了(11.0±12.0)mm Hg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),舒张压下降了(9.0±11.5)mm Hg(均P0.05)。术后随访12个月11例血压恢复正常,停药时间均在9个月以上;2例减少2种降压药,1例减少1种降压药;6例无效,仍用术前降压药物。[结论]胃食管反流病与部分高血压密切相关,腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病合并高血压安全、有效。     

炎症反应介导胃食管反流病诱发心房颤动的机制研究

目的：探讨炎症因子在胃食管反流病（GERD）和房颤（AF）患者食管粘膜中的表达及其在AF发生中的意义。方法：按照纳入、排除标准选取2017年1月至2018年6月间在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院收治的65例患者设为研究组。同期完成体检的15例健康受试者设为健康对照组。研究组均行GERDQ评分、24h动态心电图、24h pH监测、高分辨率食管测压监测并内镜下取食管齿状线上3cm处的局部黏膜作为标本,后续采用HE染色、免疫组化、RT-PCR、ELISA等方法分析组织炎症程度、炎症因子（IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、TNF-α及Hs CRP）的表达及血液中的释放浓度。结果：根据患者的临床表现,GERDQ评分、内镜等检查,分为GERD合并AF组（AF组）、GERD不合并AF组（非AF组）和对照组。AF组和非AF组患者中合并高血压,合并高血脂,合并2型糖尿病的情况,在两组之间无明显统计差异（P>0.05）。GERDQ评分在AF组3~7分、8~10分、11~14分及15~18分等评分范围均明显高于非AF组,具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。食管24h pH监测发现,AF组弱酸反流（4相似文献   

内镜下套扎术联合药物治疗食管静脉曲张出血的近期疗效观察

目的探讨内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术联合药物治疗肝硬化上消化道出血的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年3月至2009年12月143例肝硬化患者行食管静脉曲张套扎术治疗的资料。结果食管静脉曲张套扎术术后联合普奈洛尔、抑酸剂、生长抑素等药物治疗,明显降低早期再出血、食管溃疡、门脉高压性胃病等发生率;肝功能C级患者再出血率明显高于A级及B级患者;肝硬化有脾切除加断流术史者与无脾切除加断流术患者比较,食管静脉曲张复发率低。结论食管静脉曲张套扎术术后联合药物治疗可降低食管静脉曲张复发、食管静脉曲张出血早期再发率,减少食管溃疡、门脉高压性胃病发生率。食管静脉曲张套扎术是治疗食管静脉曲张出血安全有效的方法,疗效确切,提高了患者生存率。     

能谱CT评估肝硬化食管静脉曲张程度的价值研究

目的 通过能谱CT碘基值与胃镜下食管静脉曲张(EV)程度进行比较,探讨能谱CT碘基值能否评估EV程度及出血风险,为临床治疗提供重要参考价值.方法 42例肝硬化患者分别进行能谱CT扫描及胃镜检查,分别记录动脉期、静脉期肝左叶、肝右叶、尾状叶、腹主动脉、门静脉、胃左静脉碘基值及胃镜下EV程度.胃镜下无、轻度EV为曲张非严重组,中、重度EV为曲张严重组.比较肝硬化组不同肝功能分级之间及胃镜下EV不同组别之间动/静脉期标准化碘浓度(A/VNIC)、胃左静脉指数(LGI)差异.绘制ROC曲线.结果 肝硬化Child-C级的ANIC较Child-A、B级高,分别为(0.09±0.04)、(0.05土0.02).胃镜下EV严重组较非严重组VNIC低,分别为(0.36±0.04)、(0.42±0.07);LGI高,分别为(1.04±0.16)、(0.76±0.31).胃镜下严重胃底静脉曲张(GV)组较非严重曲张组LGI高,分别为(1.04±0.10)、(0.89±0.29).出血组较未出血组VNIC低,分别为(0.36±0.04)、(0.42±0.08);LGI高,分别为(1.02±0.17)、(0.76 ±0.32).LGI临界值为0.86时,ROC曲线下面积为0.84,诊断严重EV敏感性为92％,特异性为80％.LGI临界值为0.95时,ROC曲线下面积为0.73,诊断严重GV敏感性为92％,特异性为62％.结论 能谱CT胃左静脉指数可以用来评估EV程度及出血风险,进而减少频繁地胃镜随访,为临床治疗提供重要的参考价值.     

Hyperdynamic circulation in the left gastric venous area in patients with portal hypertension: Angiological assessment

The time of appearance of the left gastric vein on serial celiac arteriograms in patients with portal hypertension and esophageal varices was compared with that of the portal vein to assess regional hemodynamics in the left venous portion of the stomach, an area located in close proximity to the varices. In two thirds of all the patients with cirrhosis or non-cirrhotic idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), the left gastric vein was visualized earlier or simultaneously than or with the portal vein, while in all but one patient with prehepatic portal obstruction, there was a delayed opacification of the left gastric vein. These results suggest the presence of a hyperdynamic circulatory state which promotes venous hypertension in the left gastric venous area of the stomach of a considerable number of patients with cirrhosis or IPH. In such a hemodynamic state, selective decompression of varices can be achieved by a left gastric venous caval shunt.     

贲门周围血管断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症

目的 评估贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症合并食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血的效果.方法 回顾性分析1996年1月至2007年10月间收治的85例肝硬化门静脉高压患者接受贲门周围血管离断术的资料.结果 本组随访率为78％.全组患者术后1、3和5年生存率分别为95％、88％和82％,肝功能Child A级与Child B级患者术后生存时间之间相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),1、3和5年出血率分别为6％、16％和28％,肝性脑病发生率为7％.贲门周围血管离断术后7d时患者丙氨酸转氨酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶和血清白蛋白已恢复至术前状态.结论 贲门周围血管离断术是治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血的可靠手段,肝功能储备是影响患者术后长期生存的关键因素.     

Endoscopic ligation of esophageal varices for prophylaxis of first bleeding in children and adolescents with portal hypertension: preliminary results of a prospective study

Background/purpose

Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is effective in controlling rebleeding from esophageal varices in children, but there is no data on the use of EVL to prevent initial bleeding. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of EVL in preventing the first hemorrhage from esophageal varices in children.

Methods

Thirty-seven children with portal hypertension (22 liver cirrhosis, 15 portal vein thrombosis), aged 4 to 17 years (M = 9.5 ± 4.4 years) were included in the study. The criteria for inclusion were (1) no previous variceal bleeding; (2) the presence of esophageal varices classified grade II or more, and (3) their enlargement by at least I grade after 6 months of observation without endoscopic treatment or appearance of endoscopic signs of high bleeding risk. A Multi-Band Ligator was used, and 2 to 6 bands were fixed under general anesthesia during one procedure depending on the number and size of varices. Follow-up examinations were performed every 3 months, repeating the procedure if necessary. In total, 75 procedures of EVL were performed, from one to 5 in each patient

Results

Four patients underwent liver transplantation before eradication of varices. Two others were excluded from the observation because of lack of compliance to the protocol. Of the remaining 31 patients, eradication of varices was achieved in 28 children (90.3%) after 2.0 EVL sessions performed at 3-month intervals. The average time of follow-up after cessation of treatment is 16 months. No bleeding from varices occurred in any child during or after treatment. There were no differences in results between children with liver cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis. Development of hypertensive gastropathy was observed in 2 children with one episode of bleeding. Recurrence of varices without bleeding occurred in 3 children after 12, 13, and 28 months from eradication.

Conclusions

The study results confirmed that endoscopic variceal ligation is a safe and highly effective procedure in children with portal hypertension, regardless of its etiology. Eradication of esophageal varices was followed by 16 months free of bleeding. Prolonged observation is mandatory to conclude if preventive EVL influences the natural history of disease and diminishes the risk of first bleeding onset.     

完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的体会

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬变门静脉高压症的手术技巧和临床应用价值.方法 对我科2009年3月至2010年8月期间,12例肝硬变门静脉高压症致食管下段胃底静脉曲张患者应用超声刀和血管闭合切割系统(Ligasure),行完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析与总结.结果 12例均在处理脾蒂前夹闭脾动脉,其中10例完成腹腔镜手术(其中7例应用二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂),2例中转开腹.10例腹腔镜手术患者的手术时间为180～300 min,平均210min;术中失血200～1000ml,平均480ml;术后住院时间8～15 d,平均9d;术后发生少量(＜300 ml)胸腔积液2例,少量(＜300 ml)腹水2例,轻度(＜10 ml/d)胰瘘1例,均未作特殊处理,带管出院后1个月好转拔管,无死亡病例.12例患者术后平均随访7个月(4～20个月),均未发生再出血.结论 用超声刀预夹闭脾动脉,联合应用超声刀和Ligasure进行二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂是完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术成功的关键技术要领,该技术安全、有效、微创,具有一定的临床应用价值.