管状胃和膈肌缝合预防食管癌切除术后胃排空障碍的效果分析

目的总结管状胃和膈肌缝合固定在预防经颈、胸、腹三切15食管癌切除术后胃排空障碍中的应用经验。方法回顾性分析我科2009年6月至2013年7月980例经颈、胸、腹三切口手术治疗食管癌患者,均行管状胃代食管手术。将患者分为两组：A组530例,未作特殊处理,其中食管上段癌63例,食管中段癌382例,食管下段癌85例;B组450例,将胃缝合固定于膈肌,其中食管上段癌43例,食管中段癌343例,食管下段癌64例。比较两组患者术后胃排空障碍的发生情况。结果A组患者均顺利完成手术,无患者死亡。B组与A组相比较,其术后胃排空障碍的发生率显著减少（P〈0．05）。结论在经颈、胸、腹三切口治疗食管癌手术中,通过将管状胃与膈肌缝合固定可以降低经颈、胸、腹三切口食管癌切除术后胃排空障碍的发生率。     

腹腔镜辅助下胃癌根治切除术治疗进展期胃癌的临床效果分析

目的：分析腹腔镜辅助下胃癌根治切除术治疗进展期胃癌的疗效。方法中国医学科学院肿瘤医院2009年1月至6月按纳入标准收治的进展期胃癌患者164例,根据手术方式分为实验组（腹腔镜组）和对照组（开腹组）,其中实验组79例,对照组85例。实验组除使用腹腔镜辅助下胃癌根治切除术外,其他治疗同对照组。比较术中各项指标、术后病理学结果及恢复状况、并发症、5年生存率。结果实验组临床一般情况恢复明显好于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。两组严重并发症发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。两组5年生存率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论腹腔镜下辅助胃癌根治切除术治疗进展期胃癌是安全可行的,能获得与开腹手术相当的治疗效果,且术后恢复有明显优势。     

Consumption of cranberry beverage improved endogenous antioxidant status and protected against bacteria adhesion in healthy humans: a randomized controlled trial

Consumption of polyphenol-rich foods is associated with lower risk from many chronic diseases. We hypothesized that a single dose of cranberry beverage would improve indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, and urinary antibacterial adhesion activity in healthy humans. Six males and 6 females (18-35 years; body mass index, 19-25 kg/m²) consumed placebo, cranberry leaf extract beverage, or low-calorie cranberry juice cocktail (LCJC) once in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over experimental design trial. The washout period between beverages was 1 week. Blood was collected 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after beverage consumption for measuring oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers. Urine was collected at 0, 0 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9, 9 to 12, and 24 hours postintervention to assess antibacterial adhesion activity. Consumption of cranberry leaf extract beverage elevated (P < .05) blood glutathione peroxidase activity, whereas LCJC consumption increased (P < .05) glutathione concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity compared with placebo. Cranberry leaf extract beverage and LCJC consumption had no effect on the inflammatory biomarkers measured as compared with placebo. At 0 to 3 hours postconsumption, urine from participants who consumed cranberry beverages had higher (P < .05) ex vivo antiadhesion activity against P-fimbriated Escherichia coli compared with placebo. An acute dose of cranberry beverages improved biomarkers of antioxidant status and inhibition of bacterial adhesion in urine.     

三叶因子-1及生存素对良恶性胃溃疡判断的临床意义

目的：分析外周血三叶因子-1及生存素对良恶性胃溃疡判断的临床意义。方法选择胃癌患者93例,其中无癌前病变胃溃疡组（A组）、癌前病变胃溃疡组（B组）及溃疡型胃癌组（C 组）,分别为41、32、20例。分别检测指标生存素、TIFF1、CEA、PGⅠ。结果 B组患者期较A组生存素及TIFF1有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,C组生存素及TIFF1较 A、B组存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。B组较 A组 PGⅠ、CEA 有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,C 组 PGⅠ、CEA 较 A、B组存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,PGⅡ未见显著性差异（P〈0.05）。生存素与 PGⅠ、CEA显著相关（P〈0.05）,TIFF1与PGⅠ、CEA显著相关（P〈0.05）,与PGⅡ未见显著相关性（P〈0.05）。结论生存素水平与三叶因子-1为胃溃疡进展的重要因子,是反映胃溃疡恶性变进展的重要指标。     

胃溃疡患者焦虑状态与TIFF1及EGF水平关系分析

目的：探讨胃溃疡患者不同焦虑状态与TIFF1及 EGF水平的关系并进行相关性分析。方法对入选的胃溃疡患者95例采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）进行评估,分为明显焦虑组、焦虑组及无焦虑组,每组分别有41、32、22例。入选后分别行TIFF1及 EGF、PGⅠ、PGⅡ测定。结果焦虑组 HAMA评分、TIFF1及 EGF较无焦虑组差异显著（P〈0.05）,明显焦虑组 HAMA评分、TIFF1及 EGF较无焦虑组差异显著（P〈0.05）。焦虑组 PGⅠ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ较无焦虑组显著下降（P〈0.05）,明显焦虑组 PGⅠ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ较无焦虑组及焦虑组均存在有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。HAMA与TIFF呈显著负相关,与PGⅠ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。结论焦虑状态是的影响胃溃疡患者TIFF1及 EGF水平的重要因素,焦虑状态加重将直接影响到对胃黏膜损伤的修复能力。     

Study on combined effects of blanching and sonication on different quality parameters of carrot juice

This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of blanching and sonication on carrot juice quality. Carrots were blanched at 100?°C for 4?min in normal and acidified water. Juice was extracted and sonicated at 15?°C for 2?min keeping pulse duration 5?s on and 5?s off (70% amplitude level and 20?kHz frequency). No significant effect of blanching and sonication was observed on Brix, pH and titratable acidity except acidified blanching that decreased pH and increased acidity significantly. Peroxidase was inactivated after blanching that also significantly decreased total phenol, flavonoids, tannins, free radical scavenging activity, antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid and increased cloud and color values. Sonication could improve all these parameters significantly. The present results suggest that combination of blanching and sonication may be employed in food industry to produce high-quality carrot juice with reduced enzyme activity and improved nutrition.     

腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术的疗效与安全性分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术的疗效与安全性。方法选取本院2010年6月～2013年12月期间收治的140例胃癌患者,将其随机平均分为实验组70例和对照组70例,实验组患者进行腹腔镜D2根治术,对照组患者进行传统开腹D2根治术,对比分析两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、切口长度、住院时间等手术情况情况,淋巴结清扫个数、肿瘤切缘长度以及术后并发症发生率等情况。结果实验组患者的手术切口长度、出血量、住院时间、并发症发生率均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,两组患者手术时间、淋巴结清扫个数、近切缘长度和远切缘长度比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术创伤小,出血少,术后恢复快,并发症少,与传统开腹手术相比具有更好的治疗效果且具有较高的安全性,值得临床推广。     

Pharmacokinetic aspects and in vitro–in vivo correlation potential for lipid-based formulations

Lipid-based formulations have been an attractive choice among novel drug delivery systems for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs due to their ability to keep the drug in solubilized state in the gastrointestinal tract. These formulations offer multiple advantages such as reduction in food effect and inter-individual variability, ease of preparation, and the possibility of manufacturing using common excipients available in the market. Despite these advantages, very few products are available in the present market, perhaps due to limited knowledge in the in vitro tests (for prediction of in vivo fate) and lack of understanding of the mechanisms behind pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical aspects of lipid formulations after oral administration. The current review aims to provide a detailed understanding of the in vivo processing steps involved after oral administration of lipid formulations, their pharmacokinetic aspects and in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC) perspectives. Various pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical aspects such as formulation dispersion and lipid digestion, bioavailability enhancement mechanisms, impact of excipients on efflux transporters, and lymphatic transport are discussed with examples. In addition, various IVIVC approaches towards predicting in vivo data from in vitro dispersion/precipitation, in vitro lipolysis and ex vivo permeation studies are also discussed in detail with help of case studies.KEY WORDS: Pharmacokinetics, Lipolysis, IVIVC, Efflux transporters, Lymphatic delivery, Food effectAbbreviations: ADME, absorption/distribution/metabolism/elimination; AUC, area under the curve; BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system; BDDCS, biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system; CACO, human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells; C_max, maximum plasma concentration; CMC, critical micellar concentration; CYP, cytochrome; DDS, drug delivery systems; FaSSGF, fasted-state simulated gastric fluid; FaSSIF, fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid; FeSSIF, fed-state simulated intestinal fluid; GIT, gastrointestinal tract; IVIVC, in vitro in vivo correlation; LCT, long chain triglyceride; LFCS, lipid formulation classification system; log P, n-octanol/water partition coefficient; MCT, medium chain triglyceride; MDCK, Madin–Darby canine kidney cells; NCE, new chemical entity; P-app, apparent permeability; P-gp, permeability glycoprotein; SCT, short chain triglyceride; SEDDS, self-emulsifying drug delivery system; SIF, simulated intestinal fluid; SMEDDS, self-microemulsifying drug delivery system; SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system; Vit E, vitamin E     

Dissecting expression profiles of gastric precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer to explore crucial molecules in intestinal-type gastric cancer tumorigenesis

Intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) has a clear and multistep histological evolution. No studies have comprehensively explored gastric tumorigenesis from inflammation through low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) to early gastric cancer (EGC). We sought to investigate the characteristics participating in IGC tumorigenesis and identify related prognostic information within the process. RNA expression profiles of 94 gastroscopic biopsies from 47 patients, including gastric precancerous lesions (GPL: LGIN and HGIN), EGC, and paired controls, were detected by Agilent Microarray. During IGC tumorigenesis from LGIN through HGIN to EGC, the number of activity-changed tumor hallmarks increased. LGIN and HGIN had similar expression profiles when compared to EGC. We observed an increase in the stemness of gastric epithelial cells in LGIN, HGIN, and EGC, and we found 27 consistent genes that might contribute to dedifferentiation, including five driver genes. Remarkably, we perceived that the immune microenvironment was more active in EGC than in GPL, especially in the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. We identified a five-gene signature from the gastric tumorigenesis process that could independently predict the overall survival and disease-free survival of GC patients (log-rank test: p < 0.0001), and the robustness was verified in an independent cohort (n > 300) and by comparing with two established prognostic signatures in GC. In conclusion, during IGC tumorigenesis, cancer-like changes occur in LGIN and accumulate in HGIN and EGC. The immune microenvironment is more active in EGC than in LGIN and HGIN. The identified signature from the tumorigenesis process has robust prognostic significance for GC patients. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.