Endocrinology of bone mineralization: An update

Throughout the world, millions of people suffer from fragilizing osteopathies such as osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Osteomalacia is a rare disorder, corresponding to mineralization abnormalities in adult bone, as opposed to rickets in children. Renal phosphate loss and hypophosphatasia are the main causes of vitamin-resistant osteomalacia. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, phosphocalcic metabolism assessment and, if necessary, molecular characterization, and must be rapid in order to initiate the most appropriate treatment and consider new treatments such as burosumab if necessary. Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and strength, which increases the risk of fragility fracture. Fracture-related burden is expected to increase over the coming decades linked to the aging of population and a treatment gap. In order to reduce this treatment gap, it is important to develop two strategies: improvement of screening and of treatment. Systematic screening using the FRAX® fracture risk assessment tool could be useful to increase anti-osteoporosis medical treatment and reduce fracture rates. The question of treatment sequencing in osteoporosis is another challenge, notably after denosumab cessation, complicated by a decrease in bone mineral density and increased risk of fracture. New treatments are also available, including romosozumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, which promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting sclerostin. Romosozumab is approved in several countries, including France, for treating severe osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture and free of cardiovascular comorbidity. Endocrinologists need to be aware of these fragilizing osteopathies in order to improve both diagnosis and treatment.     

The clinical observation of the platelet parameters in patients with acute myocardial infarction in plateau北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the clinical value of platelet parameters in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in plateau. Methods A total of 72 patients diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction in our department from January 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled into this study. Clinical data and outcomes were analyzed. Platelet parameters were measured within 24 h after AMI occurrence.The relationship between platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and the severity of disease, infarct size as well as short-term prognosis were further investigated. Results Compared with control group, PDW and MPV were positively correlated with the severity of disease (PPDW=0.039, PMPV=0.038) and infarct size (rPDW=0.305, P=0.009; rMPV=0.263, P=0.025). The AUC of PDW was 0.827, optimal operating point (OOP) was 16.3%, the AUC of MPV was 0.813, OOP was 13.1 fl, the AUC of GRACE was 0.865, OOP was 145. Conclusions PDW and MPV could be regarded as laboratory index to evaluate the severity of disease, infarct size, pathological changes of coronary artery and short-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in plateau. © 2018 Chinese Medical Association. All rights reserved.     

Prevalence and predictors associated with severe pulmonary hypertension in COPD

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the most common complications of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), but its severe form is uncommon. Various factors play an important role in the occurrence and severity of pulmonary hypertension in patients.

超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗闭角型青光眼的临床研究

目的：：研究超声乳化白内障吸除术在临床闭角型青光眼中的应用价值。方法：研究分析本组60例82眼治疗前与治疗后患者的最佳矫正视力、前房深度、眼压、房角宽度以及不良反应等情况。结果：本组60例82眼与治疗前比较,患者治疗后的最佳矫正视力明显得到提高,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者治疗前的前房深度为2.0±0.3mm,治疗后的前房深度为4.4±1.0mm,患者治疗后的前房深度与治疗前比较明显提高,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者的眼压在术后较长时间内得到有效的控制,与治疗前的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者治疗后的房角宽度与治疗前比较明显增加,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经治疗以后出现5眼角膜轻度水肿,3眼瞳孔散大,1眼虹膜萎缩,无1例患者出现视网膜脱落。结论：超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗闭角型青光眼具有较高的应用价值,可以有效矫正患者的视力,改善患者前房深度与房角宽度,不良反应发生率小。     

Deep brain stimulation fine-tuning in Parkinson's disease: Short pulse width effect on speech

Backgroundsubthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) may have a detrimental effect on speech in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and new stimulation technologies may help in addressing this issue.Objectiveto evaluate the STN-DBS acute effect of 30 μs pulse width (30PW) versus conventional 60 μs PW (60PW) on speech and identify the core features of voice modified by 30PW.Methodsseven STN-DBS treated PD patients participated into a pilot cross-sectional study. Motor and speech performances were tested by means of both automatic analysis and blinded clinical evaluations in four stimulation conditions: 30PW and 60PW both at the usual amplitude and at an amplitude just below the threshold for stimulation-related side effects.Resultsat the threshold amplitude, 30PW stimulation improved speech intelligibility for both words (p = 0.02) and sentences (p = 0.04), without worsening motor performance. A lower but not statistically significant voice variability and instability and percentage of stuttering disfluencies was also observed. The beneficial effect of 30PW detected by automatic analysis, was confirmed by patients’ perception.ConclusionsSTN-DBS treated patients experiencing low speech intelligibility may benefit from a 30PW stimulation trial at a higher amplitude. Deep characterization of PD speech profiles may help in a better application of recent DBS hardware advances.     

С���������ļ���������˥�ߺ�ϸ���ֲ�������Ĺ��ܹ�ϵ�о�

??Objective To observe the changes of red cell distribution width ??RDW?? in children with heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy??DCM????and to explore the correlations between RDW and the common parameters of cardiac function. Methods Totally 68 children with heart failure secondary to DCM were enrolled. According to the modified Ross scoring system??the children were divided into 3 subgroups?? mild??moderate and severe heart failure subgroups. Fifty healthy children were selected as control group. RDW levels were compared among the groups. The correlation analysis was performed between RDW and plasma N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide ??NT-proBNP??as well as left ventricular ejection fraction??LVEF??. Results RDW levels in children with heart failure secondary to DCM were significantly higher than the control group ??P??0.01??.With increasing heart failure grade??NT-proBNP levels were elevated gradually and LVEF were decreased gradually ??both P??0.01????RDW levels had no significant difference among the heart failure groups??P??0.05??. RDM was not correlated with NT-proBNP or LVEF??r??0.144??r??-0.158??P??0.05??. Conclusion In children with DCM??RDW can be used as a new diagnostic marker of heart failure??but it can not reflect the severity of heart failure.     

RDW与不同类型急性阑尾炎的相关性分析

目的：探讨红细胞分布宽度（RDW）与不同病理类型急性阑尾炎（AA）的相关性。方法按照病理类型将 AA 患者分为单纯性、化脓性以及坏疽性三种病理类型的 AA 患者,将这三组患者的 RDW 均值进行两两比较,并分别与对照组进行比较。分析三类 AA 患者的 RDW 值与白细胞（WBC）计数的相关性,应用 ROC 曲线分析 RDW 对于不同类型 AA 的诊断价值。结果单纯性和化脓性 AA 患者的 RDW 值与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,而与 WBC 计数无相关性（P ＞0．05）;坏疽性AA 的 RDW 值与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）,而与 WBC 计数呈正相关（r＝0．646,P ＜0．05）。结论RDW 与单纯性和化脓性 AA 存在相关性,RDW 的降低可以对单纯性 AA 和化脓性 AA 的诊断提供参考,但尚不能作为单纯性 AA 和化脓性AA 诊断的指标。