鲜石龙芮贴膝眼穴治疗膝关节积液30例

膝关节积液属于中医学痹证范畴,多由风、寒、湿邪侵袭,痰瘀痹阻所致。采用鲜石龙芮敷贴膝眼穴治疗,取其苦辛主风寒湿痹,利关节之作用,从而达到祛湿通络,通利关节之效。临床治疗效果满意,经济简便易行,无不良反应。     

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy: A systematic review of its use in fracture management

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy is increasingly used as an adjuvant therapy in the management of nonunions, delayed unions and more recently fresh fractures. This is in an effort to increase union rates or obtain unions when fractures have proven recalcitrant to healing. In this report we have systematically reviewed the English language literature to attempt to determine the potential clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in fracture management. Of 32 potentially eligible studies identified, 10 were included that assessed the extracorporeal shockwave therapy use for healing nonunions or delayed unions, and one trial was included that assessed its use for acute high-energy fractures. From the included, studies'' overall union rates were in favor of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (72% union rate overall for nonunions or delayed unions, and a 46% relative risk reduction in nonunions when it is used for acute high-energy fractures). However, the methodologic quality of included studies was weak and any clinical inferences made from these data should be interpreted with caution. Further research in this area in the form of a large-scale randomized trial is necessary to better answer the question of the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on union rates for both nonunions and acute fractures.     

Acute Conjunctivitis with Episcleritis and Anterior Uveitis Linked to Adiaspiromycosis and Freshwater Sponges, Amazon Region, Brazil, 2005

We conducted an epidemiologic investigation of an outbreak of ocular disease among children to determine whether the disease was linked to Emmonsia sp., a rarely-reported fungus and an agent of adiaspiromycosis. Using an unmatched case–control study design, we compared case-patients with asymptomatic controls randomly selected from the population. Scleral biopsies were analyzed microscopically. Of 5,084 children examined, 99 case-patients were identified; mean age (+1 SD) was 11.0 ± 4.4 years. Symptoms included photophobia (57%), ocular pain (42%), and blurred vision (40%). In the multivariate analysis, risk factors included diving in the Araguaia River (odds ratio 5.2; 95% confidence interval 2.4–12.0). Microscopy identified foreign bodies consistent with adiaconidia. This outbreak probably resulted from foreign-body–type reactions to adiaspiromycosis conidia after initial irritation caused by conjunctival contact with spicules of sponges in the river. Symptomatic children responded to corticosteroid treatment. Adiaspiromycosis is a preventable cause of ocular disease in the Amazon region.     

Fresh gas flow in coaxial Mapleson A and D circuits during spontaneous breathing

In a lung model simulating spontaneously breathing halothane anaesthesia, the rebreathing characteristics of the coaxial Mapleson A (Lack circuit) and D (Bain circuit) systems were tested. Using decreasing fresh gas flows (VF), the end-tidal carbon dioxide fraction (FACO2) was monitored and the point of rebreathing (R.P.) detected. The effects of changes in minute volume (VE), dead-space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) and carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2) were studied. The effect of increased tidal volumes (VT) on FACO2 was investigated for some different fresh gas flows (VF). The VF/VE ratio for R.P. in the Bain circuit was approximately 2 and in the Lack circuit 0.88. In both circuits an increase in VE and a decrease in the VD/VT ratio resulted in higher demands on VF if rebreathing was to be avoided. The latter effect was much more pronounced in the Lack circuit. In neither system did any changes in VCO2 affect the rebreathing characteristics. The conclusion was drawn that the Lack system is a much better choice concerning the fresh gas flows for anaesthesia with spontaneous breathing than the Bain system. It was also concluded that the fresh gas flows recommended by Humphrey for the Lack system (i.e. 51 ml X min-1 X kg b.w.-1) and by the manufacturers for the Bain system (i.e. 100 ml X min-1 X kg b.w.-1) are inadequate and should be increased if a considerable degree of rebreathing is to be avoided.     

元胡产地醋制法的化学评价

对产地醋制法和传统醋制法的元胡炮制品进行了定性定量分析,其结果证明,两种方法的元胡炮制品主要化学成分相同,而元胡总生物碱及延胡索乙素含量则产地醋制法高于传统醋制法。     

Complement activation during plasma production depends on the apheresis technique

Elevated anaphylatoxin concentrations have been found in fresh frozen plasma packs produced by apheresis. The aim of this study was to investigate anaphylatoxin generation during apheresis production in relation to two frequently used techniques: employing either centrifugation alone or centrifugation with simultaneous filtration. The concentrations of C3a, C5a and sC5b-9 were measured in 50 plasmas after apheresis and before freezing generated by combined centrifugation and filtration and in 50 plasmas generated solely by centrifugation and in the corresponding 100 donors before apheresis. The median C3a concentration increased during apheresis by centrifugation alone from 62 (donor) to 380 μg L⁻¹ (FFP pack) and during apheresis by combined centrifugation and filtration from 70 to 992 μg L⁻¹. The median C5a concentration increased during apheresis by centrifugation alone from 0.38 to 0.83 μg L⁻¹ and during apheresis by combined centrifugation and filtration from 0.29 to 4.9 μg L⁻¹. The soluble terminal complement complex increased only by combined centrifugation and filtration apheresis from 162 to 426 μg L⁻¹. Complement activation during apheresis by combined centrifugation and filtration is more pronounced than that obtained by the centrifugation method alone. Changes in the construction or the materials used in the membrane-type separation units may reveal possibilities of prevention.     

Guidelines for the use of fresh frozen plasma

Fresh frozen plasma should only be used to treat bleeding episodes or prepare patients for surgery in certain defined situations. Definite indications for the use of FFP: 1. Replacement of single coagulation factor deficiencies, where a specific or combined factor concentrate is unavailable. 2. Immediate reversal or warfarin effect. 3. Acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). 4. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Conditional uses: FFP only indicated in the presence of bleeding and disturbed coagulation: 1. Massive transfusion. 2. Liver disease. 3. cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. 4. Special paediatric indications. No justification for the use of FFP: 1. Hypovolaemia. 2. Plasma exchange procedures. 3. 'Formula' replacement. 4. Nutritional support. 5. Treatment of immunodeficiency states.     

不同消毒方法对生物制品的杀菌效果和破坏作用观察

为观察不同消毒方法对奶制品中细菌的杀灭效果和对抗体的破坏作用 ,采用细菌培养检验和紫外分光光度法进行了实验室研究。结果 ,用 135℃远红外干热处理 2～ 3s ,可将袋装鲜奶中幽门螺杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓假单胞菌全部杀灭 ,但抗体球蛋白亦完全被破坏 ;用 6 5℃水浴加热处理 2 .5h ,可完全杀灭上述 4种细菌 ,而且不破坏抗体球蛋白 ;用 5 0 0Gy剂量的60 钴辐照处理 ,与 6 5℃水浴处理效果相同 ;10 0℃煮沸 1min ,结果与135℃远红外干热处理结果一致。结论 ,用 6 5℃水浴加热处理 2 .5h和用 5 0 0Gy剂量的60 钴辐照处理鲜奶 ,既可杀灭细菌 ,又不破坏其中抗体成分。     

Topical treatment of ocular surface defects: comparison of the epitheliotrophic capacity of fresh frozen plasma and serum on corneal epithelial cells in an in vitro cell culture model

Accelerated healing of ocular surface disorders was reported using serum for topical application. It is supposed that growth factors, fibronectin and vitamins in serum support the proliferation of corneal epithelial cells. The use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) instead of serum is theoretically attractive, as it is more easily available from blood banks. In this study, serum and FFP were investigated for composition of epitheliotrophic factors and effect on corneal epithelial cells. Whole blood was taken from five donors. Serum and FFP were prepared, and the concentrations of epithelial growth factor (EGF), Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta1, fibronectin and vitamin A were determined. Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells were used to investigate growth, migration and differentiation in response to both blood products. Significant differences were found regarding the mediator composition of serum and FFP. Serum rather than FFP was significantly superior in stimulating cell growth, migration and differentiation. The epitheliotrophic capacity of blood products depends upon the composition of growth factors and vitamins. Blood clotting strongly influences the growth factor pattern. The superior epitheliotrophic capacity of serum might be due to the higher concentration of proliferation mediators such as EGF and PDGF and its higher content of vitamin A.