Variability in clinically measured photopic oscillatory potentials

Oscillatory potentials found on the ascending phase of the electroretinogram b-wave probably originate in some element(s) of the inner plexiform layer. As oscillatory potentials are particularly sensitive to changes in retinal, and possibly choroidal, blood flow, they have been used extensively to provide clinical measures of the degree of retinal ischemia during the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Recent studies in our laboratories have disclosed previously unreported significant variability in the photopic oscillatory potentials on repeated measures even in tightly controlled conditions. The amplitude of five recordable light-adapted wavelets exhibited considerable intra- and inter-subject variability. Until further investigation can determine factors affecting standardization of testing, it appears that changes in oscillatory potential implicit times rather than in amplitudes are a better measurement in clinical neurophysiology.     

Visual evoked cortical and subcortical potentials in human albinos

Albinism is a congenital condition in which hypopigmentation occurs. In addition to this abnormality there is a misrouting of the optic nerve fibers, with some fibers from the temporal retina following a crossed route at the chiasma and terminating in the contralateral cortical hemisphere. This contralateral preponderance of fibers from each eye should be recognizable from recording the visual evoked cortical potential over each hemisphere on monocular stimulation. Such a technique should produce evidence of responses of either increased amplitude or shorter latency over the contralateral hemisphere. Twenty-five human albinos (twenty-three oculocutaneous, two ocular) have been examined. Pattern appearance-disappearance visual evoked cortical potentials were used, but only on bioccipital derivations did these show clear lateralization. With the flash response the P2 component has a consistently shorter latency over the contralateral hemisphere to the eye stimulated.The visual evoked subcortical potential shows contrasting lateralization. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

大量玻璃体积血对兔视网膜电图检查的影响

目的研究大量玻璃体积血对兔眼视网膜电图检查的影响。方法(1)用物理学方法测量血液对白色闪光的透过率;(2)在经玻璃体气体压缩术形成的兔眼玻璃体腔中注入0.5ml自体血，利用强闪光视网膜电图(electrical resistance gauge,ERG)技术和光强度振幅曲线的计算分析ＥＲＧ的变化；测定玻璃体切除术消除积血前后ERG。结果随着浓度和厚度的增加，血液对光线的透过率呈指数下降趋势。玻璃体积血使常规ERG检查波形消失，用增强3.5log单位的强闪光刺激可以引出ERG波形。玻璃体切除术后ERGb波可逐渐恢复。结论血液对白色闪光有较强的吸收能力，光线被玻璃体内积血吸收可以导致常规ERG波形消失，此时应用强闪光ERG可以测得接近于正常的ERGb波最大反应，提示视网膜功能并未因玻璃体大量积血而发生不可逆病变。玻璃体切除术清除积血后，ERG波形缓慢恢复。(中华眼底病杂志,1998,14:104-107)     

ON and OFF components of the receptive fields have different latencies to diffuse flashes of light in the superior colliculus of golden hamsters

Single unit activities were recorded from the superior colliculus in anesthetized hamsters. ON center and OFF center cells without surround showed short (within 150 ms) and long latency (longer than 150 ms) responses to diffuse flashes of light, respectively; ON and OFF center cells with an antagonistic surround and ON-OFF center cells showed both short and long latency responses. We suggest that the short latency discharges represent the activity on the ON component of the receptive field, while the long latency responses correspond to the OFF component. Thus, latencies of unit response to diffuse flashes of light may provide a useful indication of the existence of ON or OFF components in the receptive field.     

气管插管患者非计划拔管的因素分析及对策

目的：探讨气管插管患者非计划拔管的因素及对策。方法：对10例气管插管患者非计划拔管的原因进行分析。结果：非计划拔管主要有患者、导管、医护人员3个方面的因素。结论：护理人员应针对非计划拔管的危险因素采取有效的预防措施和健康教育，降低非计划拔管的发生。     

Responsiveness of the visual system in childhood migraine studied by means of VEPs

We have tried to ascertain whether the increased visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitude found in adult migraineurs is present also in children with migraine. We investigated 43 children, 26 male and 17 female, with a mean age of 11.4 years, 24 with common and 19 with classic migraine, and compared them with a control group of 20 children, 11 male and 9 female, with a mean age of 9.7 years. Flash and pattern reversal VEPs were recorded in both groups, and the study was carried out in the pain-free interval between attacks. The children with migraine showed a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in VEP amplitude on flash stimulation but not on pattern reversal. There were no differences between classic and common migraine. The abnormal responsiveness of the visual system seems to be related to variations in light intensity rather than to spatial contrasts.     

拔罐法临床护理应用的文献计量学分析

目的对拔罐法临床护理应用状况进行文献计量学分析。方法计算机检索2000年1月至2014年12月正式发表于中国学术期刊全文数据库的拔罐法临床护理应用的文献,利用Excel 2007软件建立数据库,对其每年发文量、地区、机构、被引、合著率、基金资助情况、高被引期刊分布、相关疾病系统分布进行统计分析。结果共纳入文献180篇,其中期刊论文179篇,硕士论文1篇。2000~2008年相关文献的数量变化相对较稳定,2009年以后呈相对较快速的增长趋势;其第一作者分布于21个省、4个直辖市以及4个自治区,发文量排名前五的省份共发文90篇,占50%;研究机构类型中中医院所占比例最大,为53.33%;文献的合著率为60.6%,合作度为2.2;被引频次10的文献167篇,占总文献的92.78%;由基金资助的文献2篇,占总文献1.11%;高被引文献分布于24种杂志,总被引频次为326次,均被引频次为9.31次;相关的疾病系统分布以皮肤及皮下组织、运动系统、神经系统和呼吸系统为主,分别占30.6%、23.9%、16.1%、15.0%。结论拔罐法临床护理应用的文献发文量总体呈上升趋势,地域分布广泛,文献合著率、合作度及被引频次较低,基金资助少,护理人员在该研究的创新性以及深度和广度上有待进一步加强。     

中药拔罐联合穴位贴敷在治疗脾胃气虚型胃脘痛中的应用效果分析

目的观察中医特色护理中药拔罐联合穴位贴敷对脾胃气虚型胃脘痛患者的治疗效果。方法将符合纳入标准的60例患者随机分为对照组和中医组。对照组采用常规抑酸护胃等西医护理治疗,中医组在西医治疗的基础上加用中药拔罐联合穴位贴敷中医特色护理治疗,观察两组胃脘痛的治疗效果。结果所有患者治疗结束后,对照组胃脘痛积分为(1.29±1.64)分,中医组胃脘痛积分为(0.84±1.05)分,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组治疗有效率为70%,中医组治疗有效率为93.3%,中医组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论中医特色护理中药拔罐联合穴位贴敷治疗脾胃气虚型胃脘痛效果较好,值得临床推广。     

针刺配合走罐治疗抑郁症临床观察

目的观察针刺配合走罐治疗抑郁症的临床疗效。方法将64例抑郁症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组32例。治疗组采用针剌配合走罐治疗,对照组采用单纯针刺治疗,比较两组治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分及临床疗效。结果经6个疗程治疗后,治疗组临床疗效和HAMD评分与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论针刺配合走罐是一种治疗抑郁症的有效方法。