Identification of Dish-Based Dietary Patterns for Breakfast,Lunch, and Dinner and Their Diet Quality in Japanese Adults

We identified dish-based dietary patterns for breakfast, lunch, and dinner and assessed the diet quality of each pattern. Dietary data were obtained from 392 Japanese adults aged 20–69 years in 2013, using a 4 d dietary record. K-means cluster analysis was conducted based on the amount of each dish group, separately for breakfasts (n = 1462), lunches (n = 1504), and dinners (n = 1500). The diet quality of each dietary pattern was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3). The extracted dietary patterns were as follows: ‘bread-based’ and ‘rice-based’ for breakfast; ‘bread’, ‘rice-based’, ‘ramen’, ‘udon/soba’, and ‘sushi/rice bowl dishes’ for lunch; and ‘miscellaneous’, ‘meat dish and beer’, and ‘hot pot dishes’ for dinner. For breakfast, the HEI-2015 and NRF9.3 total scores were higher in the ‘rice-based’ pattern than the ‘bread-based’ pattern. For lunch, the HEI-2015 and NRF9.3 total scores were relatively high in the ‘rice-based’ pattern and low in the ‘ramen’ pattern. For dinner, the HEI-2015 total score was the highest in the ‘meat dish and beer’ pattern, and the NRF9.3 total score was higher in the ‘hot pot dishes’ than the ‘miscellaneous’ pattern. These results suggested that breakfast, lunch, and dinner have distinctive dietary patterns with different diet qualities.     

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Selected Lifestyle Elements among Young Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus from Northeast Poland: A Case-Control COVID-19 Survey

An appropriate balanced diet and dietary patterns are important at every stage of life, but in the case of young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), it is especially crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to assess health and nutritional behaviors, mainly adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland among women with T1DM, and to compare them with a healthy population. This survey (based on a questionnaire) was conducted in December 2020 and included 219 young women, healthy (n = 106) and with T1DM (n = 113), from northeast Poland. Over 30% of the study group admitted that they did not engage in any physical activity. A large proportion declared that their screen time was 5–7 h a day (48% in control and 40% in T1DM group). High intakes of sweet-beverages, sweets and red meat, but also low intakes of olive oil, fish and nuts were observed. The vast majority of participants (60% vs. 71%) were moderately adherent to the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). The study demonstrated that despite the similarity between the behaviors of healthy people and those with T1DM, negative health and nutritional practices, such as low physical activity, long screen time, medium and high levels of stress and inappropriate eating habits were observed.     

Data-Driven Dietary Patterns,Nutrient Intake and Body Weight Status in a Cross-Section of Singaporean Children Aged 6–12 Years

Pattern analysis of children’s diet may provide insights into chronic disease risk in adolescence and adulthood. This study aimed to assess dietary patterns of young Singaporean children using cluster analysis. An existing dataset included 15,820 items consumed by 561 participants (aged 6–12 years) over 2 days of dietary recall. Thirty-seven food groups were defined and expressed as a percentage contribution of total energy. Dietary patterns were identified using k-means cluster analysis. Three clusters were identified, “Western”, “Convenience” and “Local/hawker”, none of which were defined by more prudent dietary choices. The “Convenience” cluster group had the lowest total energy intake (mean 85.8 ± SD 25.3% of Average Requirement for Energy) compared to the other groups (95.4 ± 25.9% for “Western” and 93.4 ± 25.3% for “Local/hawker”, p < 0.001) but also had the lowest calcium intake (66.3 ± 34.7% of Recommended Dietary Allowance), similar to intake in the “Local/hawker” group (69.5 ± 38.9%) but less than the “Western” group (82.8 ± 36.1%, p < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for longitudinal analysis of dietary habit in younger Singaporeans in order to better define public health messaging targeted at reducing risk of major noncommunicable disease.     

Impact of the Level of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a lower prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The present study aimed to investigate the impact of MD adherence on parameters of MetS. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Observational studies that recorded adherence to MD and components/measures of the MetS, such as waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG), were included in this study. A total of 58 studies were included in our study. WC and TG were significantly lower in the high adherence MD group (SMD: −0.20, (95%CI: −0.40, −0.01), SMD: −0.27 (95%CI: −0.27, −0.11), respectively), while HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the same group (SMD: −0.28 (95%CI: 0.07, 0.50). There was no difference in FBG and SBP among the two groups (SMD: −0.21 (95%CI: −0.54, 0.12) & SMD: −0.15 (95%CI: −0.38, 0.07), respectively). MD may have a positive impact on all parameters of MetS. However, further research is needed in this field.     

新发结直肠癌患者膳食模式分析

目的 探讨新发结直肠癌患者的膳食模式与发病的关系,为结直肠癌的发生提供科学的干预方向。方法 以2018—2019年辽宁省某肿瘤医院就诊并经病理学确诊的新发结直肠癌患者和同期在该医院体检中心参加健康体检者为研究对象,新发结直肠癌患者为病例组,按同性别、同年龄1∶1选取健康体检者作为对照组,采用主成分分析法对调查对象的膳食模式进行分析,利用Logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式对结直肠癌发病风险的影响。结果 本研究共对新发结直肠癌患者232例、健康体检者232人进行调查,2组人群在性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入和体力劳动强度分布差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示坚果薯类膳食模式（OR=0.482）、水产奶类膳食模式（OR=0.666）和果蔬素食膳食模式（OR=0.800）是结直肠癌发生的保护性因素,西式膳食模式（OR=1.441）、辛辣熏制膳食模式（OR=1.195）、肉类膳食模式（OR=1.397）和高脂肪膳食模式（OR=1.349）为结直肠癌发病的危险因素。结论 坚果薯类、水产奶类和果蔬素食是结直肠癌发生的保护性因素。西式、辛辣熏制、肉类和高脂肪膳食为结直肠癌发病的危险因素,在结直肠癌的防病宣传健康教育中应该加强饮食健康宣传,提高防病意识,有效降低发病率。     

Diet Quality as Measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 and Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Risk

BackgroundAlcohol and tobacco are the major risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer, but diet is likely to have a role, too.ObjectiveThe objective was to analyze the relationship between adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), and oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. Moreover, this work aimed to quantify the number of avoidable cases under different scenarios of increased adherence to the DGA, with the use of the potential impact fraction. This estimates the proportion of cases that would occur if the distribution of the risk factor in the population followed an alternative distribution.DesignA multicenter, case–control study was conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2009. Participants’ usual diet for the 2 years preceding study enrolment was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.Participants and settingCases were 946 patients admitted to major hospitals with incident, histologically confirmed oral and pharyngeal cancer. Controls were 2,492 patients admitted to the same hospitals for acute non neoplastic conditions.Main outcome measuresThe adherence to the DGA was assessed using the HEI-2015 score (range = 0 to 100), based on 13 components. The outcome was oral and pharyngeal cancer.Statistical analyses performedOdds ratios and the corresponding 95% CIs were estimated using multiple logistic regression models adjusted for tobacco, alcohol, and other relevant covariates. The potential impact fraction was estimated under different scenarios of adherence to the DGA.ResultsIn this Italian population the HEI-2015 score ranged from 33.4 to 97.5. A higher HEI-2015 score was associated with a lower risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer, with an odds ratio of 0.70 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.79) for a 10-point increment of the score. The estimated potential impact fraction was 64.8% under the maximum achievable reduction scenario, and it ranged from 9% to 27% following other more feasible scenarios.ConclusionsThe HEI-2015 score was inversely related to oral and pharyngeal cancer risk in this Italian population. This analysis allowed for the estimation of the fraction of preventable cases, under different feasible scenarios. A share of 9% to 27% of avoidable cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer might be obtained across real-world scenarios of adherence to the DGA as measured by the HEI-2015 score.     

Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: Classification Based Treatment Algorithms

Supracondylar humerus fractures are the most common fractures around the elbow in children between 4 and 10 years of age. The treatment of supracondylar humerus fractures can vary from conservative treatment to operative treatment depending on the fracture type. All around the world, the most commonly used classification system is the Wilkins-modified Gartland classification of supracondylar humerus fractures. Currently, the decision to operate or conserve the fracture is taken on basis of this classification system. Non-operative treatment for type I fractures and operative treatment for type III fractures have been well-established in literature. The management of type II supracondylar humerus fracture creates confusion in the minds of numerous orthopaedic surgeons around the world. We have tried addressing this using a classification-based treatment algorithm. Other classification systems like the AO classification, Lagrange and Rigault classification and Bahk classification with special reference to special fracture patterns that require attention and pre-op planning have also been mentioned. It is important to understand that operative management of each supracondylar humerus fracture is unique as regards fixation method and it is important to consider the fracture pattern before internal fixation.     

基于指纹图谱及非挥发性成分定量结合化学模式识别法评价不同产地艾叶质量

目的 以非挥发性化学成分为指标,评价不同产地艾叶Artemisia argyi质量,为其进一步开发利用提供科学依据。方法 采用高效液相色谱法（high-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）,以指纹图谱定性,绿原酸和黄酮等多指标成分定量,结合聚类分析（hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA）、主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）对艾叶进行化学模式识别研究。结果 建立了20批艾叶的指纹图谱,相似度为0.739～0.983,标定了28个共有峰,指认了绿原酸、木犀草苷、圣草酚、棕矢车菊素、异泽兰黄素5个成分,含量测定表明不同产地艾叶绿原酸和黄酮成分存在显著差异;HCA分析20批艾叶为3类;PCA得到7个主成分的累积方差贡献率为86.676%;OPLS-DA分析表明绿原酸、木犀草苷、圣草酚、棕矢车菊素、异泽兰黄素可能是影响艾叶药材质量的差异标志物。结论 指纹图谱定性及多非挥发性成分定量结合化学模式识别可用于艾叶药材鉴别和质量控制。