数字化双道听诊分析系统的研制

本文提出了一种在通用视窗软件和多媒体PC机的基础上，只需加入双道听诊信号处理接口和编写一个叫听诊报告应用软件，就能构成一台数字化双道听诊分析系统的新思路，由于本系统以声卡为听诊信号的数据采集卡，并用优秀的乐音处理软件对听诊信号进行分析处理。故该系统具有精度高，成本低，构思新颖。     

Can antistress music tapes reduce mental stress?

The effects of so-called antistress music tapes on reduction of mental stress were examined using Cox and Mackay's SACL, Japanese edition (J-SACL). Fifty-two subjects were exposed to experimentally induced stressful situations and the J-SACL was administered before and after this stress exposure. The results indicated that: (1) music tapes in general could reduce both the stress and arousal factors of the J-SACL; (2) however, differential effects in stress reduction of antistress music tapes were not demonstrated; (3) stress-reducing effects were more prominent in stress than in arousal factors.     

Music Does Not Reduce Alfentanil Requirement During Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Use in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Renal Stones

To evaluate the impact of music on opioid requirements and pain levels during renal lithotripsy using alfentanil patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), we conducted a prospective, blinded, randomized controlled trial. Patients undergoing lithotripsy were instructed in PCA use and asked to rate their anxiety and select their preferred type of music. They were then premedicated with morphine and ketorolac and randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 (n = 97) had music started 10 min before the procedure and maintained until 10 min after its conclusion. Group 2 (n = 96) had music begun at the conclusion of lithotripsy and continued for 10 min. Pain intensity, alfentanil requirement, side effects, quality of analgesia, patient satisfaction, and acceptance of the technique were evaluated. Demographics, alfentanil requirement, pain levels, side effects, quality of analgesia, and patient satisfaction were similar in both groups. The addition of music did not provide any benefit. This result raises the possibility that some nonpharmacologic therapies have minimal impact in settings where the painful stimulus is moderate to severe and adequate pharmacotherapy is available.     

导乐陪伴式分娩的临床观察

[目的]探讨导乐陪伴式分娩在产程中的疗效。[方法]选取2005年1月—2005年6月住院分娩的正常足月初产妇200例,随机分为导乐组和对照组各100例,导乐组采用专职助产师陪伴下的导乐式分娩,对照组采用传统的待产、接产方法,比较两组分娩方式、产后出血量、产程时间等情况。[结果]两组产妇的剖宫产率、产程时间、产后出血量相比有统计学意义。[结论]导乐陪伴式分娩是提高产科服务质量的一项技术。     

五行音乐联合穴位辐照对恶性肿瘤患者抑郁状态的影响

目的探讨中医五行音乐联合穴位辐照对恶性肿瘤患者抑郁状态及生活质量的影响。方法将120例处于抑郁状态的患者随机分成对照组、穴位辐照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组给予常规护理;穴位辐照组在常规护理的基础上给予穴位辐照,每日2次,每次30min,共7d;观察组在穴位辐照的同时全程聆听中医五行音乐,每日2次,每次30min,共7d。在治疗前后用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织编制的癌症患者生活质量量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)分别对三组患者进行测评。结果三组患者治疗后抑郁状态和生活质量较治疗前均有好转(P0.05),观察组与对照组及穴位辐照组比较,在抑郁量表得分和整体生活质量维度方面差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论在临床常规护理的基础上,配合中医五行音乐,能更有效地改善恶性肿瘤患者的抑郁状态;联合穴位辐照,可提高其生存质量。     

气功对学习横笛儿童焦虑和心理应激功能的影响

目的：基于病例治疗,对气功疗效是否可以用生理测量指标和心理评分量化这一命题进行研究。方法：研究设计为前瞻性干预对照研究。气功组纳入8名儿童,接受为期7周的“白球”气功训练,每周2次,每次30min。对照组纳入8名儿童不接受气功训练。使用针对儿童的“抑郁、焦虑和压力量表”衡量焦虑的主观感受。此外,在研究开始和结束时分别测量两组儿童的唾液中皮质醇水平、心率变化、血压、斜方肌肌电图、反应时间等指标。结果：与对照组比较,气功组在心率指标方面显著降低。虽然在其他指标方面两组之间无显著差异,但是气功组在唾液中皮质醇水平、斜方肌肌电图及血压等指标方面的效应量更大。在焦虑主观感受、唾液中皮质醇水平和心率指标方面,气功组相对较低。结论：“白球”气功可以显著降低学习乐器表演的儿童的心率。基于本研究8／8的样本量,气功也有减轻焦虑和降低血压的作用。对于今后将要开展的量化气功疗效的研究,可以增大样本量,研究其他焦虑感增加的环境下年轻人的情况,设置合理的对照干预措施,解决设盲的问题,测量其他可能会受到气功治疗影响的指标,以及比较气功与其他可以降低焦虑的方法的疗效。     

Decrease in early right alpha band phase synchronization and late gamma band oscillations in processing syntax in music

The present study investigated the neural correlates associated with the processing of music-syntactical irregularities as compared with regular syntactic structures in music. Previous studies reported an early ( approximately 200 ms) right anterior negative component (ERAN) by traditional event-related-potential analysis during music-syntactical irregularities, yet little is known about the underlying oscillatory and synchronization properties of brain responses which are supposed to play a crucial role in general cognition including music perception. First we showed that the ERAN was primarily represented by low frequency (<8 Hz) brain oscillations. Further, we found that music-syntactical irregularities as compared with music-syntactical regularities, were associated with (i) an early decrease in the alpha band (9-10 Hz) phase synchronization between right fronto-central and left temporal brain regions, and (ii) a late ( approximately 500 ms) decrease in gamma band (38-50 Hz) oscillations over fronto-central brain regions. These results indicate a weaker degree of long-range integration when the musical expectancy is violated. In summary, our results reveal neural mechanisms of music-syntactic processing that operate at different levels of cortical integration, ranging from early decrease in long-range alpha phase synchronization to late local gamma oscillations.     

音乐批评中的文化转向与当代意义

音乐批评依据着某些基本的客观标准来对音乐现象进行实事求是、客观公正的评说,基于不同的文化基础,形成了众多的音乐批评流派,在20世纪西方结构主义等批评思潮的影响下,音乐研究开始走向"音乐文化研究","语境"成了音乐批评的重要因素.当代音乐批评应站在审美与和谐的角度去欣赏、感悟音乐,体现音乐评论的客观性.     

Positive effects of music therapist’s selected auditory stimulation on the autonomic nervous system of patients with disorder of consciousness: a randomized controlled trial

The current randomized controlled trial was performed at the China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China to test the hypothesis that musical auditory stimulation has positive effects on the autonomic nervous system of patients with disorder of consciousness. Although past studies have recommended that patients with disorder of consciousness listen to patient-preferred music, this practice is not universally accepted by researchers. Twenty patients with severe disorder of consciousness listened to either therapist-selected (n = 10, 6 males and 4 females; 43.33 ± 18.76 years old) or patient-preferred (n = 10, 5 males and 5 females, 48.83 ± 18.79 years old) musical therapy, 30 minutes/day, 5 times/week for 6 weeks. The results showed no obvious differences in heart rate variability-related parameters including heart rate, standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals, and the root-mean-square of successive heartbeat interval differences of successive heartbeat intervals between the two groups of patients. However, percentage of differences exceeding 50 ms between adjacent normal number of intervals, low-frequency power/high-frequency power, high-frequency power norm, low-frequency power norm, and total power were higher in patients receiving therapist-selected music than in patients receiving their own preferred music. In contrast, this relationship was reversed for the high-frequency power and very-low-frequency band. These results suggest that compared with preferred musical stimulation, therapist-selected musical stimulation resulted in higher interactive activity of the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, therapist-selected musical stimulation should be used to arouse the autonomic nervous system of patients with disorder of consciousness. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of China Rehabilitation Research Center, China (approval No. 2018-022-1) on March 12, 2018 and registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number ChiCTR1800017809) on August 15, 2018.

Chinese Library Classification No. R454.3; R741; B84