Changes in sensorimotor regions of the cerebral cortex in congenital amusia:a case-control study

Perceiving pitch is a central function of the human auditory system;congenital amusia is a disorder of pitch perception.The underlying neural mechanisms of congenital amusia have been actively discussed.However,little attention has been paid to the changes in the motor rain within congenital amusia.In this case-control study,17 participants with congenital amusia and 14 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while resting with their eyes closed.A voxel-based degree centrality method was used to identify abnormal functional network centrality by comparing degree centrality values between the congenital amusia group and the healthy control group.We found decreased degree centrality values in the right primary sensorimotor areas in participants with congenital amusia relative to controls,indicating potentially decreased centrality of the corresponding brain regions in the auditory-sensory motor feedback network.We found a significant positive correlation between the degree centrality values and the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia scores.In conclusion,our study identified novel,hitherto undiscussed candidate brain regions that may partly contribute to or be modulated by congenital amusia.Our evidence supports the view that sensorimotor coupling plays an important role in memory and musical discrimination.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,China(No.WDX20180101GZ01) on February 9,2019.     

助产士与准父亲导乐陪产共建模式在初产妇分娩中的应用研究

目的:观察助产士与准父亲导乐陪产共建模式在初产妇分娩中的应用效果。方法:选择2019年1月—2019年6月收入医院产科待产初产妇90例为研究对象,按照入院时间先后顺序分为对照组(2019年1月—2019年3月入院)与试验组(2019年4月—2019年6月入院)各45例,对照组接受常规助产护理,试验组接受助产士与准父亲导乐陪产共建模式干预,比较两组初产妇干预后焦虑抑郁评分、产时疼痛评分、总产程耗时、产后24 h出血量、自然分娩率、产后舒适度评分、分娩护理满意度评分与新生儿Apgar评分小于7分率。结果:试验组初产妇干预后焦虑抑郁评分、产时疼痛评分、总产程耗时、产后24 h出血量、新生儿Apgar评分小于7分率明显低于对照组,自然分娩率、产后舒适度评分与分娩护理满意度评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用助产士与准父亲导乐陪产共建模式对初产妇施加干预,可明显改善初产妇焦虑抑郁情绪、减轻产时疼痛、推进产程进展、提高自然分娩率、改善母婴结局、提升产后舒适感,深受初产妇认可。     

Music and Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Literature Review

Many residents of long-term care facilities have dementia, depression, and anxiety. Approximately two-thirds of these individuals exhibit clinically significant behavioral issues manifesting in the form of falls, accidents, elopement (wandering), and behavioral disturbance. Evidence suggests music enables persons with dementia to reconnect with past memories, thereby reducing agitation-associated negative behaviors. For older nursing home residents with dementia, music may provide a valid alternative to pharmacologic treatment. This literature review investigates the current research to determine the effect of music intervention vs music therapy as a nonpharmacologic means of reducing agitation associated behaviors in older nursing home residents with dementia.     

The Effect of Different Audio Distraction Methods on Children's Postoperative Pain and Anxiety

PurposeThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of different auditory methods of attention distraction on postoperative pain and anxiety in children.DesignThe study was conducted as a pretest–posttest experimental study to determine the effect of classical music, Turkish music, and audiobook on the reduction of postoperative pain and anxiety in children.MethodsThe patient population of the study comprised children who had undergone a surgical operation in the pediatric surgery clinics. A total of 90 children were included in the sample of the study. The data were collected using the Visual Analog Scale, the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children, in addition to the sociodemographic data form of the child and the parent.FindingsClassical music, Turkish music, and audiobook methods played an effective role in decreasing postoperative pain and the anxiety state in children. Classical music listening was the most effective method in reducing the pain in children in the postoperative period in the three groups in the study.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that different auditory attention distraction methods had a decreasing effect on postoperative pain and anxiety in children.     

The Impact of Music on Patient Satisfaction,Anxiety, and Depression in Patients Undergoing Gynecologic Surgery

PurposeThe project piloted a perioperative music listening program to explore the feasibility and acceptability of the use of music in a perioperative setting for female surgical patients in an academic hospital in Singapore. The aim was also to examine the most commonly chosen music genres, timing, and length of time listening to music for perioperative patients to assess the impact of music on patients' satisfaction, anxiety, and depression.DesignThis was a quality improvement project.MethodsMusic playlists developed by a music therapist were installed on three iPod Touch^TM devices (Apple, Cupertino, CA). After obtaining consent, female patients undergoing elective gynecologic day surgery selected their preferred music from the playlists on the iPods to listen to during the preoperative and postoperative periods. Patients' anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the three-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire. Patients' satisfaction with listening to music, duration, and chosen music genres were recorded.FindingsIn the project, 135 patients listened to music during the preoperative period, and 70 patients chose to listen to music in the postoperative period. Patients were satisfied with the music listening program in both the preoperative (95.5%) and the postoperative (91.5%) periods. In the preoperative period, the most popular music genres were Disney songs (17.7%), classical music (11.6%), and the Piano Guys (7.5%). In the postoperative period, the most favorable music genres were classical music (26.3%), Disney songs (7.9%), and the Beatles (7.9%). This project suggests that music listening may be associated with patients' decreased anxiety and depression as measured by the three-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire questionnaire (P = .008).ConclusionsImplementation of a music listening program in perioperative settings is feasible and accepted well by patients as evidenced by the high satisfaction scores. The project addressed patients' satisfaction, anxiety, and depression before and after elective surgery. The findings suggest that music listening is a safe, inexpensive, and effective intervention in perioperative settings.     

Clinical evaluation of music perception,appraisal and experience in cochlear implant users

Objectives: The objectives were to evaluate the relationships among music perception, appraisal, and experience in cochlear implant users in multiple clinical settings and to examine the viability of two assessments designed for clinical use. Design: Background questionnaires (IMBQ) were administered by audiologists in 14 clinics in the United States and Canada. The CAMP included tests of pitch-direction discrimination, and melody and timbre recognition. The IMBQ queried users on prior musical involvement, music listening habits pre and post implant, and music appraisals. Study sample: One-hundred forty-five users of Advanced Bionics and Cochlear Ltd cochlear implants. Results: Performance on pitch direction discrimination, melody recognition, and timbre recognition tests were consistent with previous studies with smaller cohorts, as well as with more extensive protocols conducted in other centers. Relationships between perceptual accuracy and music enjoyment were weak, suggesting that perception and appraisal are relatively independent for CI users. Conclusions: Perceptual abilities as measured by the CAMP had little to no relationship with music appraisals and little relationship with musical experience. The CAMP and IMBQ are feasible for routine clinical use, providing results consistent with previous thorough laboratory-based investigations.     

接受式音乐治疗对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响

目的：探讨接受式音乐治疗对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法将58例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,均接受阿立哌唑治疗,研究组联合接受式音乐治疗,观察8周。选取29名健康者设为健康组。研究组及对照组于治疗前后采用简明精神病量表评定临床疗效,并进行P300检测;健康组于入组时进行P300检测。结果治疗8周末研究组和对照组简明精神病量表评分均较治疗前显著降低（P＜0．01）,研究组显著低于对照组（P＜0．01）;研究组显效率及总有效率高于对照组,但差异无显著性（ P＞0．05）。治疗前研究组和对照组P300潜伏期较健康组显著延长（ P＜0．01）,波幅较健康组显著降低（ P＜0．01）;治疗8周末,研究组和对照组 P300潜伏期较治疗前显著缩短（P＜0．05或0．01）,研究组波幅较治疗前显著升高（P＜0．05）,对照组则无显著变化（P＞0．05）,与健康组比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论接受式音乐治疗对改善精神分裂症患者认知功能具有增效作用。     

背景音乐下使用超声引导法在PICC置管中的应用效果

目的:探讨背景音乐法对提高PICC置管成功率的作用。方法:选取我院2013年6月~2014年2月收治的100例需要PICC置管的患者为研究对象,随机等分为试验组与对照组。对照组采用常规的方法进行置管,试验组在背景音乐下使用超声引导法进行置管。结果:两组比较试验组患者较对照组紧张度明显降低,置管时间明显缩短,P0.05,具有统计学意义。结论:背景音乐下使用超声引导下法进行置管,提高了PICC置管成功率,降低了患者的紧张度,减少了置管时间,值得临床推广。