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41.
This article identifies common characteristics of educationally related programs that form a common basis for understanding and working with gifted programs. Special approaches and programs for educational enrichment as well as specific activities that have been successful are discussed. 相似文献
42.
O. A. MIRGHANI† E. O. EL AMIN† M. E. S. ALI† H. S. OSMAN‡ B. HAMAD§ 《Medical education》1988,22(4):314-316
The community-based course presented is a longitudinal course running through four semesters in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan. Students combine their regular work in primary health care centres with attachments to a number of families in Wad Medani town. They continue to visit these families regularly throughout their entire medical course with the aim of studying them and helping them with some of their medical and psychosocial problems. 相似文献
43.
Drug related hospital admissions 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
J. Hallas B. Harvald J. Worm J. Beck-Nielsen L. F. Gram E. Grodum N. Damsbo J. Schou H. Kromann-Andersen F. Frølund 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1993,45(3):199-203
Summary As part of a high-intensity monitoring study of drug events as the cause of admission to departments of internal medicine, the effect of an educational intervention programme was studied. Two departments were included, one specialising in geriatrics and one that received patients by non-selected referral. The series consisted of 607 consecutive admissions studied before and 703 after the intervention. The drug events considered were adverse drug reactions and dose-related therapeutic failures, mainly due to non-compliance.A modest, statistically non-significant decrease in drug related hospital admissions (DRH) was seen, from 14% before to 13% after the intervention period. However, DRHs classified as definitely avoidable showed the significant decrease of 83%.There was no apparent relationship between the topics selected for the intervention programme and changes in the pattern of DRHs. No relationship between alterations in sales data and hospital admissions caused by a given drug could be demonstrated. A blinded external evaluation of case abstracts did not disclose any significant shift in the investigators' assessments.The intervention may have had an non-specific effect on avoidable DRHs. 相似文献
44.
R. F. WEST 《Medical education》1988,22(2):104-112
The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of consistency in student ratings of teacher effectiveness during the first year of medical school. Student ratings of teaching effectiveness represent a commonly used source of information that enters into the academic decision-making process. In medical school, student evaluations often represent a major source of information that is used in promotion and tenure decisions. It is essential that the precision of such ratings be ascertained so that decision-makers will know how much confidence to place in this source of information on teaching effectiveness. In this study, each member of a first-year medical school class was randomly assigned a two-digit identification number at the beginning of the spring semester, 1986. As the semester progressed students were asked to evaluate each full-time teacher in three major courses. Multiple instructors were utilized in each course (n = 10). Each teacher was evaluated immediately after lectures during the first (T1) and second (T2) halves of the course. Students evaluated the teacher a third time (T3) as part of the end-of-semester overall course evaluation. The teachers were evaluated on a short eight-item Likert-type scale that identified several key indicators of effective teaching. Students attached their anonymous identification numbers to individual ratings so that their responses could be matched in the analysis. The results indicate that medical students are only moderately consistent in the extent to which they evaluate teachers. This inconsistency varied by course and by instructors within courses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
45.
Dennis J. Murphy 《Drug development research》1994,32(4):237-246
The known effects of drugs from a variety of pharmacologic/therapeutic classes on the respiratory system and worldwide regulatory requirements support the need for conducting respiratory evaluations in safety pharmacology. The objective of these studies is to evaluate the potential for drugs to cause secondary pharmacologic or toxicologic effects that influence respiratory function. Changes in respiratory function can result either from alterations in the pumping apparatus that controls the pattern of pulmonary ventilation or from changes in the mechanical properties of the lung that determine the transpulmonary pressures (work) required for lung inflation and deflation. Defects in the pumping apparatus are classified as hypo- or hyperventilation syndromes and are evaluated by examining ventilatory parameters in a conscious animal model. The ventilatory parameters include respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute volume, peak (or mean) inspiratory flow, peak (or mean) expiratory flow, and fractional inspiratory time. Defects in mechanical properties of the lung are classified as obstructive or restrictive disorders and can be evaluated in animal models by performing flow-volume and pressure-volume maneuvers, respectively. The parameters used to detect airway obstruction include peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow at 25 and 75% of forced vital capacity, and a timed forced expiratory volume, while the parameters used to detect lung restriction include total lung capacity, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity, and compliance. Measurement of dynamic lung resistance and compliance, obtained continuously during tidal breathing, is an alternative method for evaluating obstructive and restrictive disorders, respectively, and is used when the response to drug treatment is expected to be immediate (within minutes post-dose). The species used in the safety pharmacology studies conducted in our laboratory are the same as those used in toxicology studies since pharmacokinetic and toxicologic/pathologic data are available in these species. These data can be used to help select test measurement intervals and doses and to aid in the interpretation of functional change. The techniques and procedures for measuring respiratory function parameters are well established in guinea pigs, rats, and dogs. 相似文献
46.
Indira R. Kenkre 《Occupational therapy international》1994,1(1):29-35
India is called the land of villages. In 1951, 82.7% of the Indian population lived in rural areas. Sanskritisation and urbanisation have changed the pattern. It is expected that by the year 2020 this percentage would come down to 55%. These villagers are relocating in urban slums. Thus from the rehabilitation point of view both problems pose challenges. An Indian village community is a political, economic and cultural unit. At the urban slum area at Malwani and in small villages near Juchandra, community rehabilitation programmes were found to be most pragmatic. Community education and preventive occupational therapy are found to be essential steps in rural rehabilitation. Therapists have to work on ‘disability, attitude and beliefs’ and change the behaviour to deal with the grass root (basic) causes. It is felt that for longer sustainment, community-based rehabilitation should originate within the community. Heath professionals must recognise the capabilities of individuals within the support structure of the family and community, while helping individuals to improve the quality of their lives. 相似文献
47.
Teaching of medical ethics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Teaching medical ethics in Manchester within the introductory course of obstetrics and gynaecology is a joint activity with the Centre for Social Ethics and Policy. This interdisciplinary teaching has evolved through lecture sessions with small-group discussions dealing with topics of interest in human reproduction. The small-group discussion have been replaced by an open debate conducted by the students. Their own involvement and participation and an exposure to the disciplines of the humanities has broadened their approach to different ways of problem-solving of these real issues. 相似文献
48.
Abstract Pericardial tamponade remains a diagnostic challenge
to the clinician especially when the patient is well compensated
hemodynamically. We report an unusual case
who sought medical help 1 month after having been
stabbed in his chest. An investigation revealed a perforation
of the myocardium and a pericardial tamponade.
The patient survived thanks to a large organized clot
that plugged the perforation. The patient was exposed
to increased risk due to delayed onset, recognition, and
therapy of the tamponade. Most reports on this subject
deal with acute pericardial tamponade. Only few cases
of delayed pericardial tamponade have been reported.
A review of the relevant literature and the therapeutic
approaches are discussed. 相似文献
49.
50.
Couples in remarriages with stepchildren are a significant portion of the marriage population and have unique educational needs regarding aspects of couple functioning within the context of stepfamily development. From a review of the literature, we examine current curricula focused on these couples. Information is offered on implementation issues regarding recruitment, delivery context, facilitator and participant characteristics, and evaluation. 相似文献