二氧化碳激光治疗处女膜伞(附42例报告)

目的探讨CO2激光治疗处女膜伞的操作要点及临床应用价值.方法回顾性分析总结42例处女膜伞患者应用CO2激光治疗的经验.结果42例处女膜成形均获成功,手术时间15～29min,平均20min,术中出血量＜5 mL.术后随访12～48个月,无1例出现尿道外口狭窄.34例术前有下尿路感染症状者中,25例症状基本消失,8例有不同程度缓解,仅1例症状无改善.42例复查尿常规,38例WBC阴性,4例阳性( ～ /HP).结论CO2激光治疗处女膜伞,操作简单、创伤小、恢复快、效果满意、并发症少、治疗方便且治疗费用低,可以在门诊大力推广.     

Role of endogenous pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in myelination of the rodent brain: Lessons from PACAP-deficient mice

Pituitary adenylate-cyclase activator polypeptide (PACAP), as a consequence of its effect on the elevation of intracellular cAMP level, strongly influences brain development including myelination. While proliferation of oligodendroglial progenitors is stimulated by PACAP applied in vitro, their differentiation is inhibited. However, the in vivo role of PACAP on myelination has never been examined.In the present study the role of endogenous PACAP in myelination was examined in PACAP-deficient mice, in several areas of the brain with a special attention to the cerebral cortex. In young postnatal and adult mice myelination was studied with immunohistochemistry detecting a protein present in the myelin sheath, the myelin basic protein, with Luxol Fast Blue staining and with electron microscopy. Results obtained in PACAP-deficient mice were compared to age-matched wild type controls.We found that the sequence of myelination in the PACAP-deficient animals was similar to that observed in controls. According to this, in both PACAP-deficient and wild type mice, the somatosensory cortex was myelinated before motor areas that preceded the myelination of associational cortical areas. Archicortical associational areas such as the cingulate cortex were myelinated before neocortical areas. Myelination in the corpus callosum followed the known rostro-caudal direction in both PACAP-deficient and wild type animals, and the ventrolateral part of the corpus callosum was myelinated earlier than the dorsomedial part in both groups. In contrast to the similarity in its sequence, striking difference was found in the onset of myelination that started earlier in PACAP-deficient mice than in wild type controls in all of the examined brain regions, including cerebral archi- and neocortex. The first myelinated axons in each of the examined brain regions were observed earlier in the PACAP-deficient mice than in controls. When age-matched animals of the two groups were compared, density of myelinated fibers in the PACAP-deficient mice was higher than in controls in all of the examined areas.We propose that endogenous PACAP exerts an inhibitory role on myelination in vivo. Since myelin sheath of the central nervous system contains several factors blocking neurite outgrowth, inhibition of myelination by PACAP gives time for axonal development and synapse formation, and therefore, strengthens neuronal plasticity.     

输卵管远端梗阻腹腔镜术后妊娠率与输卵管伞端形态关系分析

目的探讨输卵管远端梗阻腹腔镜术后妊娠率与输卵管伞端形态的关系。方法对输卵管远端梗阻腹腔镜术后患者中输卵管伞端形态完整50例和变形50例进行妊娠率和自然妊娠时间比较。结果输卵管伞端形态完整组术后妊娠率为42％（21／50）,高于输卯管伞端形态变形组的6％（3／50）,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）;两组术后1年内自然怀孕者23例,1年后怀孕1例。结论输卵管伞端形态完整性是影响术后妊娠率的关键,术后1年内为腹腔镜术后自然怀孕最佳时机。     

氟西汀对创伤后应激障碍大鼠海马组织5-HT1A受体表达的影响

目的：研究创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）大鼠海马组织中5-羟色胺受体1A（5-HT1A受体）表达变化,探讨氟西汀治疗PTSD的机制。方法：随机将雄性Wistar大鼠分为对照组、模型组和氟西汀组,采用改良的单一连续应激（SPS & S）方法刺激大鼠建立PTSD大鼠模型,氟西汀组大鼠每天腹腔注射氟西汀（10 mg/kg）治疗。采用免疫印迹法检测大鼠海马组织5-HT1A受体表达,RT-PCR方法检测5-HT1A mRNA的表达。结果：对照组、模型组及氟西汀组大鼠海马组织中5-HT1A相对表达分别为1.18±0.12、0.39±0.05和0.71±0.09,模型组和氟西汀组低于对照组（P<0.05）,氟西汀组高于模型组（P<0.05）;对照组、模型组及氟西汀组大鼠海马组织中5-HT1A mRNA表达的积分光密度分别为0.95±0.12、0.19±0.050.74±0.05,模型组和氟西汀组低于对照组（P<0.05）,氟西汀组高于模型组（P<0.05）。结论：PTSD大鼠海马组织5-HT1A受体表达减弱,应用氟西汀后可逆转这种现象,提示氟西汀可能通过逆转5-HT1A受体表达降低发挥治疗作用。     

切割穹窿海马伞后大鼠与正常大鼠海马蛋白质组双向电泳图谱比较

目的:比较切割穹窿海马伞后大鼠海马与正常大鼠海马蛋白质组双向电泳图谱的差异,为研究切割穹窿海马伞后大鼠海马的神经再生内环境提供实验依据。方法:制作切割双侧穹窿海马伞大鼠动物模型,术后7 d分别取切割穹窿海马伞后大鼠和正常大鼠海马组织,提取总蛋白,进行双向电泳,比较切割穹窿海马伞后大鼠与正常大鼠海马组织的蛋白质表达差异。结果:通过双向电泳软件分析,切割穹窿海马伞后大鼠海马和正常大鼠海马组织双向电泳图谱经匹配比对后发现有7个蛋白点仅在切割穹窿海马伞海马蛋白双向电泳图谱中表达,35个蛋白在两组大鼠海马组织中含量发生了2倍以上的变化,其中切割穹窿海马伞大鼠组上调31个,下调4个。结论:初步建立了切割海马伞大鼠海马比较蛋白质组学的技术方法;切割穹窿海马伞后7 d大鼠海马与正常海马蛋白表达存在明显差异,差异点的发现为今后进一步深入研究切割穹窿海马伞后大鼠海马的神经再生机制提供了实验依据。     

非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳在大鼠海马组织蛋白分离中的应用

目的：探索应用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离大鼠海马组织蛋白的最佳条件。方法：选用不同pH的正极缓冲液和样品蛋白上样量，应用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离大鼠海马组织蛋白质。结果：在其它条件不变的情况下，pH9.0的正极电泳缓冲液以及40～60μg／孔样品蛋白上样量时，可得到分辨率高、条带多而清晰的电泳图谱。结论：应用pH9．0的正极电泳缓冲液和样品上样量为40～60μg／孔时，进行非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，可成功地分离大鼠海马组织蛋白。     

Deafferentation removes calretinin immunopositive terminals,but does not induce degeneration of calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin expressing neurons in the hippocampus of adult rats

Unilateral combined transections of the fimbriafornix and angular bundle in adult Fischer 344 rats were used to study the effects of deafferentation on hippocampal expression of calretinin, calbindin D-28k, and parvalbumin. Reflecting the widespread degeneration of synaptic contacts, immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein 6 days after the lesions was increased in lacunosum-molecular and oriens layers of CA1, 2, and 3 in ipsi- and contralateral hippocampus and in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus outer molecular layer. At 21 days the immunoreactivity had decreased to control levels except for a still slightly increased signal in the oriens layer of CA1-3. At 6 and 21 days after the combined lesions the numbers of hippocampal neurons containing calretinin, parvalbumin, and calbindin D-28k was unaltered. The combined lesions abolished calretinin containing terminals in the dentate gyrus inner molecular layer on the deafferentated side. This could be reproduced by single unilateral fimbria-fornix transections, suggesting that the axons of these calretinin positive terminals project to the hippocampus through the fimbria-fornix. The most likely origin of the calretinin positive terminals are neurons in the supramammillary hypothalamic nucleus. Our findings demonstrate that the extensive lesion-induced synaptic rearrangements in the adult hippocampus do not induce degeneration of hippocampal neurons expressing calretinin, calbindin D-28k, and parvalbumin, but do remove calretinin containing terminals which reach their targets in the hippocampus through the fimbria-fornix. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Temporal Lobe Lesions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with or without Dementia: A Neuropathological Study

A neuropathological study of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia [ALS-D (+)] revealed, in addition to changes of the motor neuron system, temporal lobe (TL) lesions that had a characteristic distribution. The alterations include neuronal loss emphasized in the medial cortex of the temporal tip and focal depletion of pyramidal neurons in the pes hippocampi. These observations indicate that these regions may be the first non-motor cerebral cortex structures to be involved in this condition, and that the neuronal loss in these TL areas may play a role in the mental symptoms observed in ALS-D(+). Moreover, the TL of approxiamtely 10% of ALS cases without dementia [ALS-D (-)] had similar alterations. This poses the question of whether these cases may represent an intermediate subgroup between ALS-D (-) and ALS-D (+), or whether the ALS-D (-) patients with TL lesions were indeed demented, but in whom the proper the proper diagnoses were overlooked. Answers to these points can only be provided by detailed clinicopathological studies on appropriately matched ALS patients     

Adherence and hydrophobicity of invasive and noninvasive strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis

The adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis to cell surfaces of periodontal tissues may play an important role in its pathogenicity. In this study, 12 strains of P. gingivalis , including both invasive and noninvasive strains, were investigated for adherence to gingival ligament components. The test strains of P. gingivalis adhered to collagen, fibronectin, and laminin to significantly different degrees. An overall positive correlation was noted between hydrophobicity and the number of cells that attached to collagen coated on hydroxyapatite beads. Invasive strains had low hydrophobicity and bound less to collagen than did noninvasive strains that possessed strong hydrophobic properties. ³H-fimbriae extracted from P. gingivalis were found to attach to collagen-coated hydroxyapatite. The fimbriae extracted from noninvasive strains bound strongly to collagen, whereas invasive strains' fimbriae with low hydrophobicity bound weakly to collagen or saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. These data suggest that 1) fimbriae play an important role in colonization through their hydrophobic activity; 2) fimbriae of noninvasive strains are associated with the major adhesin for attachment to gingival tissue, whereas fimbriae of invasive strains are weakly involved in adherence; and 3) there is no correlation between colonization and the invasiveness of P. gingivalis.     

Behavioural and neurochemical effects of chronic intraventricular injections of nerve growth factor in adult rats with fimbria lesions

Rats received bilateral lesions of the fimbria. These lesions impaired their ability to learn a radial maze. Rats given repeated intraventricular injections of nerve growth factor (NGF, 10 micrograms twice weekly during 4 weeks after the lesion) learned the maze problem more rapidly than rats with the same injury but treated with a control protein (cytochrome c). When retested after a period of 6 weeks without NGF treatment, the performance of NGF-treated and cytochrome c-treated rats with fimbria lesions did not differ. Whereas our previous study showed an increase in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the septum and the hippocampus 4 days after the last NGF injection, the present study found that after the retest period (i.e. 10 weeks after the last NGF injection) ChAT activity was increased in the septum but not in the hippocampus. The relationship between the NGF-induced changes in ChAT activity and behaviour is discussed.