MyoD基因诱导大鼠心脏成纤维细胞分化为成肌细胞的实验研究

目的：探讨MyoD基因诱导大鼠心脏成纤维细胞分化为成肌细胞的可能性。方法：将MyoD基因重组腺病毒载体转染大鼠心脏成纤维细胞，观察转染后大鼠心脏成纤维细胞形态的变化；用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测MyoD和肌细胞生成素的表达；免疫组化检测骨骼肌肌球蛋白和结蛋白的表达。结果：MyoD基因转染后的大鼠心脏成纤维细胞形态和排列方式发生明显变化；RT-PCR可检测出转染后细胞表达MyoD；Western blot结果表明转染后细胞表达MyoD和肌细胞生成素；免疫组化检测骨骼肌肌球蛋白和结蛋白表达均为阳性。结论：MyoD基因可诱导体外培养的大鼠心脏成纤维细胞分化为成肌细胞，为进一步研究MyoD对心肌损伤的修复作用奠定了基础。     

白芍的原植物鉴定及药材形态观察

对我国10个主产区的不同类型白芍原植物及药材,制作标本,进行形态鉴别.结果表明,我国主产区白芍原植物为芍药Paeonia lactiflora Pall.和毛果芍药P.lactiflora Pall.var.trichocarpa(Bunge)Stern.前者的药材,呈圆柱形,表面类白色至红棕色,有纵皱纹及细根痕,偶有残存的棕褐色外皮.断面较平坦,类白色或微棕红色,木质部具有放射状纹理,味酸;后者的药材,多呈长条形,外皮棕色,断面粉性足,味甘.     

Gatifloxacin inducing apoptosis of stromal fibroblasts through cross-talk between caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways

AIM: To reveal the cytotoxicity and related mechanisms of gatifloxacin (GFX) to stromal fibroblasts (SFs) in vitro. METHODS: SFs were treated with GFX at different concentrations (0.009375%-0.3%), and their viability was detected by MTT method. The cell morphology was observed using light/transmission electron microscope. The plasma membrane permeability was measured by AO/EB double-staining. Then cell cycle, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) were analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA damage was analyzed by electrophoresis and immunostaining. ELISA was used to evaluate the caspase-3/-8/-9 activation. Finally, Western blotting was applied for detecting the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins. RESULTS: Morphological changes and reduced viability of GFX-treated SFs demonstrated that GFX above 0.009375% had cytotoxicity to SFs with dependence of concentration and time. GFX-treating cells also showed G1 phase arrest, increased membrane permeability, PS externalization and DNA damage, which indicated that GFX induced apoptosis of SFs. Additionally, GFX could activate the caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, induce MTP disruption, downregulate B-cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell leukemia-XL (Bcl-XL), and upregulate Bcl-2 assaciated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), Bcl-2 interacting domain (Bid) and cytoplasmic cytochrome C in SFs, suggesting that caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways were related to GFX-contributed apoptosis of SFs. CONCLUSION: The cytotoxicity of GFX induces apoptosis of SFs through triggering the caspase-dependent extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.     

Pro-apoptotic effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on synovial fibroblasts

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the articular synovial tissues. Although the etiology of RA has not yet been elucidated, physical and biochemical inhibition of synovial hyperplasia, which is the origin of articular destruction, may be an effective treatment for RA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used for the treatment of RA. The mechanism of action of NSAIDs generally involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) at sites of inflammation. Thus, NSAIDs were not generally considered to have a so-called anti-rheumatic effect, including inhibition of progressive joint destruction and induction of remission. However, certain conventional NSAIDs and celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, have been reported to inhibit synovial hyperplasia by inducing the apoptosis of human synovial fibroblasts. Therefore, it has been suggested that such NSAIDs may not only have an anti-inflammatory effect but also an anti-rheumatic effect. In this review, we summarize findings about the pro-apoptotic effect, in other words, anti-proliferative effect of NSAIDs on synovial fibroblasts from patients with RA.     

BHA和β-ME对表观修饰后的NIH/3T3细胞向神经方向诱导的实验研究

目的通过联合应用表观修饰药物5-氮-2'-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine,5-aza-dC)和曲古抑菌素A(TrichstatinA,TSA)对NIH/3T3细胞进行重编程,应用β-羟基酸(betahydroxyacid,BHA)和β-巯基乙醇(β-mercaptoethanol,β-ME)进一步诱导,以期表达与神经细胞密切相关的基因。方法应用流式细胞技术检测实验组(4.5μM5-aza-dC+0.35μMTSA+1mMβ-ME+200μMBHA作用后的NIH/3T3细胞)和对照组中NIH/3T3细胞的DNA甲基化水平。应用RT-PCR的方法检测Oct4,Sox2,c-Myc和Klf4的表达,免疫细胞化学染色检测巢蛋白(nestin)和神经丝轻链(neurofilamentlightchain,NF-L)的表达情况。结果实验组NIH/3T3细胞DNA甲基化水平较对照组明显降低,细胞均呈现出Oct4,Sox2,c-Myc和Klf4基因的阳性表达。经过BHA和β-ME诱导后,NIH/3T3细胞呈巢蛋白和神经丝轻链阳性。结论表观修饰后的细胞经诱导后可以呈现nestin和NF-L的阳性表达。     

Potential of a Cryopreserved Cultured Dermal Substitute Composed of Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen to Release Angiogenic Cytokine

Abstract

An allogeneic cultured dermal substitute (CDS) was prepared by culturing fibroblasts on a spongy matrix of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen (Col), which was then cryopreserved. This cryopreserved allogeneic CDS (CDS-1; cryopreserved for 1 month, CDS-6; cryopreserved for 6 months) was thawed and re-cultured for a period of 7 days to investigate the potential of the CDS for wound treatment. The cell metabolic activity in the CDS and their cytokine production were measured using an MTT assay and ELISA. Fibroblast metabolic activity in each CDS-1 and CDS-6 immediately after thawing and following 3 and 7 days of re- cultivation was 56, 67 and 93%, and 49, 64 and 86%, respectively, of that before cryopreservation. The amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) released from the CDS-1 on days 1, 3 and 7 of re-cultivation after thawing was 8, 44 and 92% (VEGF) and 3, 7 and 28% (HGF), respectively, of that before cryopreservation. The amount of VEGF and HGF released from the CDS-6 on days 1, 3 and 7 of re-cultivation after thawing was 9, 32 and 45% (VEGF) and 6, 10 and 27% (HGF), respectively, of that before cryopreservation. These findings showed that the potential of the CDS was restored to some extent over the first 3 days of re-cultivation after thawing. The potential of the CDS for wound treatment was then evaluated using a wound surface model, in which the each CDS-1 and CDS-6 that was re-cultured for 3 days after thawing was elevated at the air/culture medium interface, and a wound dressing was placed on top, and then cultured for 5 days. Two different types of wound dressing were tested. Fibroblasts in the CDS in Group II (placing a wound dressing with EGF) released increased amount of VEGF and HGF compared with that in Group I (placing a wound dressing without EGF). These findings suggest that re-culture of the CDS for 3 days following thawing results in a CDS with improved wound healing potential and that an EGF-incorporating wound dressing is useful as a top dressing for the CDS.