Amygdaloid inhibition of maternal behavior in the nulliparous female rat

In the first experiment, the effects of lesions of (1) the amygdala, (2) its major efferent projection system, the stria terminalis or (3) other non-limbic brain sites on the induction of maternal behavior in the nulliparous female rat were investigated. Animals sustaining lesions of either the amygdala or the stria terminalis became maternal more rapidly than did control animals. In the second study the effects of lesions to different portions of the amygdala on both maternal and fear responding were investigated. It was found that animals sustaining damage to the corticomedial amygdaloid nuclei became maternal more quickly than did animals sustaining either basolateral amygdaloid damage or no amygdaloid damage. Also in comparison to lesioned controls, animals with lesions of the amygdala showed reduced ‘fearfulness’ on a number of fear-mediated tasks. The third study attempted to interrelate fear responsiveness and maternal behavior by observing nulliparous animals with amygdaloid or stria terminalis lesions for their responses to unfamiliar foster pups placed daily into their preferred nesting quadrant. While control animals actively avoided pups placed into their nest sites (by moving their nest site to another quadrant of the cage), animals with amygdaloid lesions or lesions of the stria terminalis, did not. These results are interpreted to mean that nulliparous females generally do not respond maternally to pups because these females are, in general, more neophobic than parturient females and they tend to find pups and their novel odors, aversive. This aspect of their behavior is likely mediated by the amygdala. These data are discussed in terms of their relevance to the rapid maternal responsiveness normally shown by the female at parturition.     

Relationships among sexual behavior,hot flashes,and hormone levels in perimenopausal women

Forty-three perimenopausal women kept daily records of menstrual cycles and sexual activity. Data on hot flashes and plasma estradiol and testosterone levels were obtained at two points during the menopausal transition. The prospective data yielded a significant negative association between hot flash ratings and regularity of sexual intercourse at both time points. A significant negative correlation was found between estradiol (in the early part of the cycle) and hot flashes ratings at the first data point only, and positive correlations were found between hot flashes and ratio of testosterone to estradiol (T/E) at both. Frequency of sexual intercourse and level of plasma estradiol were higher, and T/E and hot flash ratings were lower in early perimenopausal women who were still having cycles at least once every 30 days, as compared with late perimenopausal women who were cycling less often. It was concluded that a close association exists between increasing irregularity of menstrual cycles, hot flashes, declining estradiol levels, and declining frequency of intercourse during the perimenopause. Causal relationships remain to be established.Supported by NIH Grant AG1437.     

天津市女大学生原发性痛经的现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解天津市女大学生原发性痛经的现状,探讨其影响因素。方法 2016年3月—2017年3月,以天津3所医学类院校和3所非医学类院校的女大学生作为研究对象,采用方便抽样的方法,发放自填式问卷进行调查。结果 在被调查的940名天津市在校女大学生中,原发性痛经的发生率为45.3%,其中,医学生(42.2%)与非医学生(49.5%)比较(χ2=5.009,P=0.025),两组之间痛经发生率的差异有统计学意义。多因素分析显示,年龄大、非医学专业、经期着凉、经期久坐不动与原发性痛经明显相关(P<0.05)。结论 原发性痛经在天津市在校女大学生中具有较高的发生率,与经期的不良行为习惯有关,应在大学生群体中积极开展月经期保健知识的健康教育。     

Effects of Different Doses of Caffeinated Coffee on Muscular Endurance,Cognitive Performance,and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Caffeine Naive Female Athletes

Caffeine is widely consumed among elite athletes for its well-known ergogenic properties, and its ability to increase exercise performance. However, studies to date have predominantly focused on the anhydrous form of caffeine in male participants. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of caffeinated coffee ingestion on lower-upper body muscular endurance, cognitive performance, and heart rate variability (HRV) in female athletes. A total of 17 participants (mean ± standard deviation (SD): age = 23 ± 2 years, body mass = 64 ± 4 kg, height = 168 ± 3 cm) in a randomized cross-over design completed three testing sessions, following the ingestion of 3 mg/kg/bm of caffeine (3COF), 6 mg/kg/bm of caffeine (6COF) provided from coffee or decaffeinated coffee (PLA) in 600 mL of hot water. The testing results included: (1) repetition number for muscular endurance performance; (2): reaction time and response accuracy for cognitive performance; (3): HRV parameters, such as standard deviation of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of successive differences (SDSD), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), total power (TP), the ratio of low- and high-frequency powers (LF/HF), high-frequency power (HF), normalized HF (HFnu), low-frequency power (LF), and normalized LF (LFnu). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that 3COF (p = 0.024) and 6COF (p = 0.036) improved lower body muscular endurance in the first set as well as cognitive performance (p = 0.025, p = 0.035 in the post-test, respectively) compared to PLA. However, no differences were detected between trials for upper body muscular endurance (p = 0.07). Lastly, all HRV parameters did not change between trials (p > 0.05). In conclusion, ingesting caffeinated coffee improved lower body muscular endurance and cognitive performance, while not adversely affecting cardiac autonomic function.     

广西农村暗娼安全套坚持使用情况及影响因素分析

目的 了解广西农村地区暗娼人群商业性行为时安全套使用情况及影响因素, 为制定暗娼艾滋病综合干预措施提供参考依据。 方法 采用多级抽样的方法,2019年4—6月在国家和省级暗娼哨点招募农村暗娼进行横断面问卷调查,调查内容包括场所位置、一般人口学信息、艾滋病知识、性行为特征及安全套使用等。用多因素非条件logistic 回归方法分析最近一个月坚持使用安全套的相关因素。 结果 2019年共调查农村暗娼1 350人,平均年龄(42.71±8.62)岁,艾滋病知识知晓率为95.63%(1 291/1 530),最近一次商业性性行为使用安全套比例为94.72%(1 274/1 345),最近一个月商业性性行为每次均使用安全套的比例为87.85%(1 186/1 350)。多因素非条件logistic 回归显示,知晓艾滋病知识(OR=14.857,95%CI:8.196～26.932)是安全套坚持使用的促进因素;交易场所为村屯(OR=0.180,95%CI:0.106～0.304)、30岁及以上年龄(30～岁组,OR=0.275,95%CI:0.090～0.841;50～岁组,OR=0.131,95%CI:0.042～0.407)是安全套坚持使用的障碍因素。 结论 应进一步加强对农村地区、大年龄暗娼人群安全套推广使用等综合干预力度。     

Periostin在妇科恶性肿瘤中的研究现状

骨膜蛋白(periostin)是近年被发现的一种多功能高分子糖蛋白,主要由成骨细胞及其前体细胞分泌,也可由肿瘤细胞及癌旁细胞分泌。该蛋白是一种高度保守的功能蛋白质,参与细胞外基质(ECM)的组成,并与肿瘤细胞黏附、转移和生长密切相关,属于分泌型可溶性ECM蛋白。periostin促进肿瘤细胞生存的分子机制及其与肿瘤发生、发展的关系具有重要理论意义,而且可为肿瘤的临床检测和治疗提供新靶点。笔者拟就periostin的结构与功能,periostin高表达在妇科恶性肿瘤发生、发展中的作用机制,在卵巢癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌的初步研究,以及periostin为肿瘤治疗提供新靶点等的最新研究进展进行阐述。     

先天性生殖器官异常孕妇的围生结局分析

目的探讨先天性生殖器官异常孕妇的围生结局。方法选择2009年1月至2019年12月,于四川大学华西第二医院活产分娩的99779例单胎妊娠孕妇为研究对象。根据是否合并先天性生殖器官异常,将其分为观察组(n=324,合并)及对照组(n=99455,未合并)。回顾性分析2组孕妇的临床病例资料,总结观察组不同类型先天性生殖器官异常孕妇的围生结局特点。采用χ^(2)检验及独立样本t检验,对2组孕妇妊娠期各并发症发生率、剖宫产率及新生儿出生体重等,进行统计学分析。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。结果①观察组孕妇最常见先天性生殖器官异常前3位依次为纵隔子宫、单角/残角子宫及弓形子宫,分别占35.2%(114/324)、26.2%(85/324)及13.9%(45/324)。包括既往妊娠次数在内,观察组孕妇共计妊娠571次,其中弓形子宫、纵隔子宫孕妇的自然流产率位列前2位,分别为38.5%(35/91)、28.6%(61/213);阴道畸形孕妇足月产率(70.0%),高于子宫畸形者(52.8%),并且差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.432、P=0.035)。②观察组孕妇早产、胎膜早破、胎位异常、胎盘早剥、胎儿生长受限(FGR)、胎盘黏连/植入、子宫破裂及剖宫产率分别为29.6%、29.3%、36.1%、5.9%、2.5%、21.0%、3.4%、78.7%,均分别高于对照组孕妇的9.8%、22.3%、5.7%、1.2%、1.0%、11.5%、1.5%、62.0%;而羊水过少率(0.9%)及新生儿出生体重[(2913±652)g],则显著低于对照组的2.9%、(3254±445)g,并且上述差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。2组孕妇前置胎盘、妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)、产后出血(PPH)及子宫切除率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论先天性生殖器官异常孕妇的母、胎围生期并发症发生风险高。提高该病孕妇的孕前及早孕期诊断率,加强围生期保健及处理,可改善其围生结局。     

《午梦堂集》的文学成就

晚明时期 ,在吴江地区出现了一个以叶绍袁、沈宜修及其子女为核心的文学团体 ,成就杰出。特别是女性文学 ,更令人聒目相看 ,这与叶绍袁进步的女性文学观及其妻女杰出的文学才华密不可分 ;也与吴江地区高度的文学水平密不可分     

子宫内膜异位症不孕患者血清泌乳素水平分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症不孕患者与非子宫内膜异位症不孕患者血清卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、雌二醇、睾酮、促甲状腺激素及泌乳素的差异。方法:选取2015~2016年907例子宫内膜异位症不孕患者(观察组),与1579例非子宫内膜异位症的不孕患者(对照组),对比分析两组患者激素水平。结果:两组卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素、雌二醇、睾酮、促甲状腺激素水平差异无统计学意义。观察组泌乳素水平[(17.8±8.8)ng/mL vs.(16.8±8.2)ng/mL]高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。子宫内膜异位症卵巢型患者血清泌乳素水平为(17.1±7.1)ng/mL,腹膜型为(18.9±11.0)ng/mL,腹膜型高于卵巢型,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。结论:子宫内膜异位症不孕患者泌乳素水平升高,针对泌乳素的机制研究与干预可能有助于了解不孕症的发生机制、提高临床诊治效果。     

Transient association between semen exposure and biomarkers of genital inflammation in South African women at risk of HIV infection

IntroductionSemen induces mucosal changes in the female reproductive tract to improve pregnancy outcomes. Since semen‐induced alterations are likely short‐lived and genital inflammation is linked to HIV acquisition in women, we investigated the contribution of recent semen exposure on biomarkers of genital inflammation in women at high HIV risk and the persistence of these associations.MethodsWe assessed stored genital specimens from 152 HIV‐negative KwaZulu‐Natal women who participated in the CAPRISA 008 trial between November 2012 and October 2014. During the two‐year study period, 651 vaginal specimens were collected biannually (mean five samples per woman). Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) was screened for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) by ELISA, whereas Y‐chromosome DNA (YcDNA) detection and quantification were conducted by RT‐PCR, representing semen exposure within 48 hours (PSA+YcDNA+) and semen exposure within three to fifteen days (PSA−YcDNA+). Soluble protein concentrations were measured in CVLs by multiplexed ELISA. T‐cell frequencies were assessed in cytobrushes by flow‐cytometry, and vulvovaginal swabs were used to detect common vaginal microbes by PCR. Linear mixed models adjusting for factors associated with genital inflammation and HIV risk were used to assess the impact of semen exposure on biomarkers of inflammation over multiple visits.ResultsHere, 19% (125/651) of CVLs were PSA+YcDNA+, 14% (93/651) were PSA−YcDNA+ and 67% (433/651) were PSA−YcDNA−. Semen exposure was associated with how often women saw their partners, the frequency of vaginal sex in the past month, HSV‐2 antibody detection, current gonorrhoea infection and Nugent Score. Both PSA detection (PSA+YcDNA+) and higher cervicovaginal YcDNA concentrations predicted increases in several cytokines, barrier‐related proteins (MMP‐2, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐4) and activated CD4+CCR5+HLA‐DR+ T cells (β = 0.050; CI 0.001 to 0.098; p = 0.046) and CD4+HLA‐DR+ T cells (β = 0.177; CI 0.016 to 0.339; p = 0.032) respectively. PSA detection was specifically associated with raised pro‐inflammatory cytokines (including IL‐6, TNF‐α, IP‐10 and RANTES), and with the detection of BVAB2 (OR = 1.755; CI 1.116 to 2.760; p = 0.015), P. bivia (OR = 1.886; CI 1.102 to 3.228; p = 0.021) and Gardnerella vaginalis (OR = 1.815; CI 1.093 to 3.015; p = 0.021).ConclusionsMore recent semen exposure was associated with raised levels of inflammatory biomarkers and the detection of BV‐associated microbes, which declined by three to fifteen days of post‐exposure. Although transient, semen‐induced alterations may have implications for HIV susceptibility in women.