医用电子直线加速器注入器系统故障定位专家系统模型设计

目的:探讨医用电子直线加速器注入器系统故障定位专家系统模型的实现。方法:医用直线加速器注入器系统故障诊断难度大,不确定性高,故需深入的分析总结基于对医用电子直线加速器注入器系统主要故障类型的故障机理。文章同时剖析了系统故障诊断机制的内容及特点。结果:针对直线加速器注入器故障诊断的特殊性提出了故障逆向推理机制,对推理机制的可行性进行了分析,得出了执行故障逆向推理机制的具体步骤,为系统故障诊断提供了理论依据。结论:利用故障树分析技术对直线加速器注入器故障定位方法切实有效,简单可行。     

关于我国卫生行政监督过错责任追究制的探讨

国家卫生行政执法存在诸多问题,通过推行卫生行政执法过错责任追究制,有利于强化执法责任,明确执法程序和执法标准,追究执法过错责任,有效地约束行政权,提高行政执法水平。该文从卫生行政过错责任追究制度出发,从其责任的认定、追究制度程序中存在的问题等方面出发对相关问题进行探讨,以使得相关制度设计更加完善。从而建立权责明确、行为规范、监督有效、保障有力的行政执法体制,全面推进卫生行政系统依法行政。     

论医疗侵权中的相关问题

医疗侵权是民事侵权责任中的一个特殊部分,医疗过错和医疗事故均是基于医疗活动中的诊疗行为过错所产生。医疗事故是医疗行为存在过错、应当承担赔偿责任的代名词。故两者没有大的区别和矛盾,在法律责任的承担上应保持一致性,不应当有二元化的解释。医学专业的特殊和复杂决定对医疗行为的鉴定,不管鉴定机构由哪个部门管理,都应当由具有丰富临床经验的医学专家和法医共同参与,组成医疗过错的专门鉴定委员会,而不是由社会上随意的鉴定机构承担。在医疗侵权案件中不能单一的强调医院的举证责任,还应考虑患者一方的配合完成举证。知情同意权应当归属于民法讲的人格权的范围,侵犯知情同意权应当按照最高法院关于精神赔偿的司法解释承担责任。     

18F-FDG PET-CT在肺部肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射显像/电子计算机断层扫成像(18F-FDG PET-CT)在肺癌诊断和分期中的应用价值。方法对67例经病理或随访被证实为肺癌的患者的PET-CT检查结果与影像学检查结果(薄层增强CT和HRCT)进行比对分析。结果 18F-FDG PET-CT的灵敏度、阴性预测值、准确率均优于CT(P0.01)。结论 18F-FDG PET-CT在鉴别诊断肺部肿瘤中将PET代谢学特征密切结合CT的形态学相结合,可以对肺癌进行明确诊断与分期,可大大提高各项诊断效率,达到优势互补的目的。     

Review: Evaluation of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Control Using Fault Tree Analysis

An outbreak of foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) causes huge economic losses and animal welfare problems. Although much can be learnt from past FMD outbreaks, several countries are not satisfied with their degree of contingency planning and aiming at more assurance that their control measures will be effective. The purpose of the present article was to develop a generic fault tree framework for the control of an FMD outbreak as a basis for systematic improvement and refinement of control activities and general preparedness. Fault trees are typically used in engineering to document pathways that can lead to an undesired event, that is, ineffective FMD control. The fault tree method allows risk managers to identify immature parts of the control system and to analyse the events or steps that will most probably delay rapid and effective disease control during a real outbreak. The present developed fault tree is generic and can be tailored to fit the specific needs of countries. For instance, the specific fault tree for the 2001 FMD outbreak in the UK was refined based on control weaknesses discussed in peer‐reviewed articles. Furthermore, the specific fault tree based on the 2001 outbreak was applied to the subsequent FMD outbreak in 2007 to assess the refinement of control measures following the earlier, major outbreak. The FMD fault tree can assist risk managers to develop more refined and adequate control activities against FMD outbreaks and to find optimum strategies for rapid control. Further application using the current tree will be one of the basic measures for FMD control worldwide.     

双机容错在医院信息管理系统安全中的应用

双机容错是计算机应用系统稳定、可靠、有效、持续运行的重要保证。为确保医院信息管理系统的正常运转，防止数据丢失，服务器采用双机容错是必要的。     

医疗保健市场缺陷和医学生德育

本文分析探讨了医疗保健市场典型的市场缺陷现象,以及因此原因而产生的对一种社会内生制度———道德伦理的强烈依赖性,提出医学生就业前德育的必要性。医学道德培育是社会公正,行业发展,个人职业利益的共同需要。     

基于灰色理论的机械设备智能状态预测

提出了基于灰色理论并与神经网络有机结合的机械设备智能状态预测方法,着眼于机械设备“内在”规律的研究,根据机械设备自身历史数据建立动态微分方程,并预测自身的发展,具有数据量小,计算简单、预测准确的特点,该方法已在实际工程中应用,结果表明方法是行之有效的。     

Detection and isolation of actuator and sensor faults for networked control systems

Detection and isolation of actuator and sensor faults in presence of disturbance for a class of linear networked control systems is considered, while unknown network‐induced delay is taken into account. The network‐induced delay effect is modeled by time‐varying polytopic uncertainties. Using eigen‐structure assignment approach, a fault detection filter is designed to decouple the fault and plant disturbance, while minimizing the effect of the induced delays in the network, using H _∞ and H _? index theories and benefiting from the free parameters in the eigen‐structure assignment approach. If the full disturbance de‐coupling is not feasible, another filter is designed to achieve partial de‐coupling and maximum robustness against the disturbance and network‐induced delay, while sensitivity to the fault is optimized. The actuator fault and disturbance vectors are augmented to define a new disturbance vector for isolation of the sensor and actuator faults. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Set‐valued observer‐based active fault‐tolerant model predictive control

This paper proposes an integrated actuator and sensor active fault‐tolerant model predictive control scheme. In this scheme, fault detection is implemented by using a set‐valued observer, fault isolation (FI) is performed by set manipulations, and fault‐tolerant control is carried out through the design of a robust model predictive control law. In this paper, a set‐valued observer is used to passively complete the fault detection task, while FI is actively performed by making use of the constraint‐handling capability of robust model predictive control. The set‐valued observer is chosen to implement fault detection and isolation (FDI) because of its simple mathematical structure that is not affected by the type of faults such as sensor, actuator, and system‐structural faults. This means that only one set‐valued observer is needed to monitor all considered actuator and sensor statuses (health and fault) and to carry out the fault detection and isolation task instead of using a bank of observers (each observer matching a health/fault status). Furthermore, in the proposed scheme, the advantage of robust model predictive control is that it can effectively deal with system constraints, disturbances, and noises and allow to implement an active FI strategy, which can improve FI sensitivity when compared with the passive FI methods. Finally, a case study based on the well‐known two‐tank system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault‐tolerant model predictive control scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.