维生素C对高脂餐后内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的保护作用

目的探讨维生素C对高脂餐后内皮依赖性血管舒张功能变化的影响。方法74例冠心病患者被随机分为两组,分别在禁食12h后进食高脂餐与维生素C2g（A组,n＝37）或单纯的高脂餐（B组,n＝37）。分别采集餐前及餐后2、4、5、7h静脉血标本,用以测定血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）浓度。采用高分辨血管外超声法检测餐前及餐后4h肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和硝酸甘油介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能。结果冠心病患者空腹状态的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能显著受损。服用维生素C2g（A组）餐后4h内皮依赖性血管舒张功能较餐前无显著变化［（3.63±0.59）%∶（4.51±0.49）%,P=0.064］;未服用维生素C2g（B组）餐后4h内皮依赖性血管舒张功能较餐前相比严重受损［（3.58±0.63）%∶（0.58±0.40）%,P<0.001］。高脂餐后硝酸甘油介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能的变化无统计学意义［A组（19.48±1.38）%∶（20.25±1.21）%,P=0.498;B组（18.71±1.53）%∶（16.36±1.53）%,P=0.135］。两组受试者餐后2～7h血清TG浓度均显著升高。经相关分析结果显示B组受试者的餐后2h血清TG浓度增高值与餐后4h内皮依赖性血管舒张功能下降值显著正相关（r=0.395,P<0.02）。结论高脂餐后内皮依赖性血管舒张功能显著受损,大剂量维生素C对其有保护作用。     

Dietary macronutrients, cholesterol, and sodium and lower urinary tract symptoms in men

Background

Little is known about dietary correlates of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Objective

To examine associations between dietary intakes of total energy, carbohydrates, protein, fats, cholesterol, and sodium and LUTS in men.

Design, setting, and participants

Cross-sectional study of 1545 men aged 30–79 yr in the Boston Area Community Health survey (2002–2005), a random population-based sample. Dietary data were assessed by validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. LUTS and covariate data were collected during in-person interviews. Primary analyses used multivariate logistic regression.

Measurements

Outcomes were moderate to severe LUTS, storage symptoms, and voiding symptoms as measured by the American Urological Association Symptom Index.

Results and limitations

Greater total energy intake was associated with higher LUTS symptom score (p_trend < 0.01) and increased likelihood of storage symptoms. No associations were observed with total, saturated, or monounsaturated fat intake or carbohydrates. Men who consumed more protein were less likely to report LUTS, particularly voiding symptoms (quintile 5 vs quintile 1 OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17–0.74; p = 0.006). Sodium intake had positive linear associations with LUTS (p_trend = 0.01) and storage symptom score (p_trend = 0.004); this finding should be confirmed by studies using biomarkers of sodium exposure. Storage symptoms increased slightly with greater polyunsaturated fat intake (p_trend = 0.006). Data on specific polyunsaturated fats were unavailable.

Conclusions

This community-based study of men found that total energy and sodium intake were positively associated with LUTS, whereas greater protein intake was inversely associated with LUTS.     

What are interesterified fats and should we be worried about them in our diet?

Interesterified (IE) fats are used in a wide range of food products and were introduced as a replacement for trans fats, which are known to be detrimental to cardiovascular health. However, the effects of interesterification on metabolism and subsequent effects on cardiovascular health are not understood and previous studies have seldom investigated industrially‐relevant IE fats. No legislation currently exists regarding the labelling of IE fats in food products and therefore estimates of average consumption rates in the UK population are currently unavailable. In order to meet the urgent need for a systematic investigation of the health effects of consumer‐relevant IE fats, it is essential to estimate current IE fat intakes and to investigate biological mechanisms that might mediate acute and chronic cardiometabolic effects of commercially relevant IE fats.     

高脂饲料和酒精诱导大鼠肝纤维化的实验研究

目的：探讨高脂饮食与酒精对肝纤维化的形成机制，寻求新的肝纤维化动物模型。方法：采用高脂饲料喂养，同时灌服白酒，持续时间3个月，建立大鼠高脂酒精性肝纤维化模型。结果：肝脏羟脯氨酸(HYP)、丙二醛(MDA)含量较正常组显著升高，谷胱甘肽(GSH)、金属硫蛋白(MT)含量降低，模型组肝细胞呈现出不同程度纤维化变性，伴局灶性肝细胞坏死和炎症细胞浸润。结论：给予大鼠高脂饮食和酒精可以建立肝纤维化动物模型。     

超重肥胖与血压、血脂、血糖的关系探讨

目的：探讨超重肥胖与血压、血脂、血糖的关系.方法： 选择2008/1/1至2008/12/31在我院健康体检的男性,根据体重指数（BMI）肥胖组（A组）210例,随机抽取同期同性别体检超重组（B组）、正常组（C组）各210例.比较3组在血压、血脂、血糖方面的不同.结果： 肥胖组（A组）的SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG均显著高于超重组（B组）和正常组（C组）,而HDL-C明显低于正常组（C组）;超重组（B组）的SBP、DBP、TG、FPG显著高于正常组（C组）;肥胖组（A组）的高血压、血脂异常及空腹血糖增高、脂肪肝发生率明显高于超重组（B组）和正常组（C组）;超重组（B组）的高血压、血脂异常、脂肪肝发生率明显高于正常组（C组）（P＜0.01）.结论：超重肥胖显著增高高血压、血脂异常及空腹血糖增高的发生率.     

实验室白细胞计数与血脂异常的关系

血清脂类不仅是供给人体热量的主要来源,而且还有防止热量散失,保持体温和保护内脏免受损伤等重要作用.当人们患冠心病、动脉粥样硬化症、高血压病、肝脏病、肾脏病时脂类代谢就会发生异常,形成了血液中脂类含量过多,为了鉴别诊断,医生常需要做血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等血清脂类测定,来对疾病进行诊断和对治疗疗效进行观察.血脂的检测是我们日常检验工作中最常做的生化项目,血脂项目异常对白细胞计数是否有影响,此次试验旨在分析白细胞计数与血脂项目异常的关系.     

乙醇性脂肪肝模型大鼠肝脏G蛋白表达水平的变化

目的探讨乙醇联合高脂饮食诱导大鼠肝脏早期脂肪变性的可能机制。方法高脂饮食配合乙醇灌胃,连续6周,制备大鼠脂肪肝模型。6周末取血,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);制备石蜡及冰冻切片,进行肝脏病理学检查。Westernblot分析各组大鼠肝脏组织中抑制型G蛋白α1(Gαi1)、抑制型G蛋白α2(Gαi2)、抑制型G蛋白α3(Gαi3)、刺激型G蛋白(Gαs)表达水平的改变。结果乙醇联合高脂饮食条件下大鼠血清ALT、AST、TG、TC明显升高且伴有HDL-C的显著下降;OilRedO(油红O)染色结果显示乙醇联合高脂饮食组大鼠肝脏脂肪变明显;模型组大鼠肝组织中的Gαi1、Gαi2、Gαs表达明显下降,Gαi3的表达水平在模型组中呈增高趋势。结论乙醇联合高脂饮食能够进一步诱导大鼠肝脏的脂肪变性,病变程度与乙醇剂量呈正相关,其发病机制可能和G蛋白介导的信号传导通路的改变密切相关。     

CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL STATE CAN AFFECT THE PHYSICAL STATE OF ACETYL-CoA CARBOXYLASE

Fasting or fat feeding decreases the activity of liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase in chicks by reducing the proportion of the active polymeric form of the enzyme.     

牛带绦虫亚洲亚种感染乳猪肝脏的病理学和组织化学观察

目的: 观察牛带绦虫亚洲亚种感染乳猪后肝脏的病理学和组织化学改变.方法: 以牛带绦虫亚洲亚种虫卵感染乳猪,封闭饲养;采用HE染色及组织化学染色观察不同时期肝组织的病理学变化并测定脂肪、糖原、蛋白质的含量,定量图像分析和SPSS统计学处理.结果: 感染组感染4 d时,肝脏开始有炎性细胞浸润;10～20 d时,炎症反应加剧,Kupffer细胞增生,肝细胞水肿、部分气球样变,肝细胞有点片状坏死,中央静脉、肝血窦扩张和淤血;40～60 d时,肝脏肉芽肿形成,肝脏呈早期肝硬化改变;70～80 d时,部分肝脏呈肝硬化改变,胆管增生;感染不同时期均有不同程度脂肪含量的增多,糖原、蛋白质含量的减少,与正常对照组比较具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);对照组乳猪无感染.结论: 乳猪是牛带绦虫亚洲亚种的适宜中间宿主,牛带绦虫亚洲亚种感染可引起肝组织严重的病理学损害和组织化学改变.     

Chemical sympathectomy abolishes the increase in blood pressure of linoleic acid deficient fed rats induced by salt loading

Summary In previous experiments an altered PG biosynthesis as well as an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and plasma epinephrine could be found after a linoleic acid deficient diet compared with a linoleic acid rich diet in rats with a high salt intake. We injected rats with 200g 6-hydroxydopamine into the right and left cerebral ventricles 17 days before a four-week linoleic acid deficient diet (0.5J% linoleic acid) and salt loading (1.5% NaCl). In these rats the elevation of blood pressure and plasma epinephrine compared with linoleic acid rich fed rats (13.3J% linoleic acid) was abolished and heart rate was reduced. PG biosynthesis in aorta and kidney medulla homogenate (PGE and PGF) and stomach fundus homogenate (6-Keto-PGF₁) was not influenced by chemical sympathectomy, neither were the food and fluid intakes. We conclude that an enhanced adrenergic activity (via alterations in PG metabolism?) is involved in the blood pressure increase after a linoleic acid deficient diet under high salt intake.Results were presented in part at the 3^rd International Symposium on Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes, Halle, GDR, May 5–7, 1980 and the 7^th Congress of the Polish Pharmacological Society, Poznan, Poland, September 25–28, 1980