Fat avoidance and replacement behaviors predict low-fat intake among urban African American adolescents

Using measures of behaviors shown to predict low-fat intake in previous research, this study examined whether the behaviors would predict low-fat intake among urban African American adolescents. Recruited through youth services agencies in Philadelphia, Pa, participants were 399 African American adolescents (67% female subjects) with a mean age of 13.09 years (range, 10-15 years). Fat-related dietary behaviors were measured using items that were adapted from the Food Habits Questionnaire. Fat intake was measured using the Block Fat Screener. Spearman correlations examined the relationships between fat-related dietary behaviors and fat intake. Seven behaviors were significantly associated with low-fat intake: had chicken that was baked or broiled instead of fried; ordered pasta or pizza served without meat sauce or meat toppings; had a vegetarian dinner; used low-calorie instead of regular salad dressing; ate at least 2 vegetables (not green salad) at dinner; ate bread, rolls, or muffins without butter or margarine; and avoided foods that were fried in oil, shortening, or lard. Using multiple regression, fat intake was regressed on the linear combination of demographic variables and these fat-related dietary behaviors. The regression equation accounted for 17% of the variance in fat intake (adjusted R² = 0.13). Fat avoidance (ate bread, rolls, or muffins without butter or margarine) and replacement (ordered pasta or pizza served without meat sauce or meat toppings) behaviors were significant predictors of low-fat intake. Dietary interventions to lower fat intake among urban African American adolescents should promote the adoption of these behaviors.     

人脂肪干细胞与不同浓度纤维蛋白胶的相容性研究

目的 研究人脂肪干细胞(ASCs)与不同浓度纤维蛋白胶支架的体外生物相容性.方法 获取人原代ASCs,鉴定后通过CCK-8试验检测纤维蛋白胶对ASCs的毒性.通过光镜直接观察和活细胞/死细胞(DEAD/LIVE)双标染色荧光观察ASCs分别与100.0、50.0、25.0、12.5 mg/mL 4组不同浓度纤维蛋白胶支架三维培养后ASCs的生长状况.结果 CCK-8试验显示纤维蛋白胶对ASCs无明显毒性.通过光镜直接观察及DEAD/LIVE双荧光染色后观察显示ASCs与不同浓度纤维蛋白胶复合后细胞呈立体三维生长,ASCs增殖速率和健康程度(DEAD/LIVE值)随纤维蛋白浓度降低而提高,低于25.0 mg/mL时细胞增殖速率和健康程度趋于良好.结论 ASCs与纤维蛋白胶支架具有良好的体外生物相容性,纤维蛋白浓度低于25.0 mg/mL为与ASCs三维培养的适宜浓度.     

Increasing trends in dietary total fat and fatty acid intake among Korean children: using the 2007–2017 national data

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe prevalence of obesity has been increasing in Korean children. As an unhealthy diet is known as one of the major determinants of childhood obesity, assessing and monitoring dietary fat intake of children is needed.SUBJECTS/METHODSThis analysis included 9,998 children aged 3–11 yrs from the 2007–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dietary data were obtained from a single 24-h dietary recall. Intakes of total fat and fatty acids, including saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), n-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA), and n-6 fatty acid (n-6 FA) were evaluated as the absolute amount (g) and proportion of energy from each fatty acid (% of energy). The total fat and SFA intake were also assessed according to compliance with dietary guidelines. Linear trends in the dietary fats intake across the survey period were tested using multiple regression models.RESULTSTotal fat intake significantly increased from 38.5 g (20.3% of energy) to 43.4 g (23.3% of energy) from 2007 to 2017. This increase was mainly accounted for the increases in intakes of SFA (7.2% to 8.4% of energy) and MUFA (6.2% to 7.5% of energy). PUFA intake increased from 4.4 to 4.7% of energy during the 11-yrs period: from 0.57 to 0.63% of energy for n-3 FA and from 3.8 to 4.1% of energy for n-6 FA. The proportions of children who consumed amounts exceeding the dietary guidelines for total fat and SFA significantly increased from 2007 to 2017, with increases from 9.8% to 17.4% for total fat and from 36.9% to 50.9% for SFA.CONCLUSIONSProminent increasing trends in the consumption of total fat and SFA but tiny change in n-3 FA intake were observed in Korean children. The healthy intake of dietary fats should be emphasized in this population.     

4640例体检者体重、血脂、血糖和血尿酸结果分析

目的调查4640例体检者体重、血脂、血糖和血尿酸的水平及其相互关系,为临床制定合理的预防心脑血管疾病、痛风和糖尿病措施提供科学参考依据。方法对4640例体检者检查资料进行整理分析,按性别、年龄分组,比较体重指数(BMI)与血脂、血糖和血尿酸的水平;按BMI分为肥胖组和非肥胖组,比较两组之间血脂、血糖和血尿酸的水平;进一步按性别和BMI比较两组之间血脂、血糖和血尿酸的水平。结果在4640例中,男性血尿酸显著高于女性(P<0.0001)。血脂和血糖不同性别,不同年龄之间也有差异。肥胖组的血脂、血尿酸和血糖的水平显著高于非肥胖组(P<0.05及0.0001),BMI与血脂、血糖、血尿酸和年龄之间存在正相关关系(P<0.01)。男性肥胖者比例高于女性(P<0.01)。结论肥胖影响血脂、血糖和血尿酸代谢。随年龄增长,糖尿病、高脂血症发病率增加;中年男性尿酸结果呈现高水平状态,易发高尿酸血症。因此,改变不良生活习惯,加强锻练,降低体重,对预防心脑血管疾病和糖尿病发生,提高人们生活质量有重要意义     

血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白在胆囊结石患者中的相关性研究

目的：通过研究对患者的血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白水平进行比较,然后分析出血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白与胆囊结实形成的相关因素。方法：我们选取本院2006年6月至2009年6月我院收入的已经证实为胆囊结石的患者检测血清中胆固醇,低浓度脂蛋白,高浓度脂蛋白,Ap0一Al、Apo—B及ADo—E浓度。结果：胆囊结石患者的血清,高密度脂蛋白,低密度脂蛋白都低于正常组。Ap0一B高于正常组。胆固醇结石组内,女性血清及瘦素水平高于男性,差别均具有统计学意义。正常对照组内女性血清瘦素少于男性,差别具有统计学意义。在女性中,胆囊胆固醇结石患者血清瘦素水平高于正常对照组,差别具有显意义。胆囊胆固醇结石组血清高密度血脂蛋白及低密度血脂蛋白低于正常对照组。胆囊胆固醇结石组血清高于正常对照组。结论：性别差异及胆囊结石患者的血清,高密度脂蛋白,低密度脂蛋白检测均具有临床意义。     

Perceived stress and eating behaviors in a community-based sample of African Americans

Previous studies have reported that psychological stress is associated with greater food consumption, particularly consumption of high fat foods. We are unaware of any studies that have examined stress-induced eating among African Americans (AAs). The goals of the current study were to examine the relationship between perceived stress and high fat eating behaviors in a sample of AAs, to examine whether this relationship is stronger among overweight and obese participants, and to examine whether haphazard meal planning mediates the relationship between perceived stress and high fat eating behaviors. One hundred fifty-nine adults from a metropolitan area completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Eating Behaviors Pattern Questionnaire (EBPQ), a demographic questionnaire, and body mass was assessed with BMI. Perceived stress was associated with haphazard planning and emotional eating, but not related to other high fat eating domains in the overall sample. These findings held for overweight and obese participants with the addition of snacking on sweets. High fat eating behaviors were not mediated by haphazard meal planning. These findings are consistent with other studies which demonstrate a link between stress and eating. Long-term interventions for high fat consumption and obesity should include an examination of perceived stress among AAs.     

高脂饲料对OLETF大鼠糖代谢及血清磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响

目的:观察高脂饲料对自发性2型糖尿病模型OLETF大鼠糖代谢及血清磷脂脂肪酸组成的影响。方法:将20只14w雄性OLETF大鼠随机分为两组,分别以高脂及标准饲料喂饲10w,两种饲料中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的百分含量相似。大鼠第24w龄时进行口服糖耐量试验,同时测定大鼠的胰岛素水平和血清磷脂脂肪酸组成。结果:实验期间两组大鼠总进食量无统计学差异,但高脂饲料组大鼠体重明显高于标准饲料组(P<0.01);口服糖耐量试验和胰岛素水平测定结果表明,两组大鼠的糖代谢状态无统计学差异;血清磷脂脂肪酸组成中,除总n-6PUFA和18:3(n-3)的百分含量无统计学差异外,其他各脂肪酸组分在两组间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:在饲料脂肪酸组成保持可比的情况下,饲料脂肪量的增加可使OLETF大鼠的体重明显增加,而对糖代谢的影响不明显,同时对OLETF大鼠血清磷脂脂肪酸组成产生明显影响。     

自体脂肪移植治疗半侧颜面萎缩

目的:探讨自体颗粒脂肪移植在半侧颜面萎缩的临床效果,寻求半侧颜面萎缩治疗的有效方法.方法:采用肿胀吸脂技术获得自体颗粒脂肪,纯化后采用多层次、多隧道、多点的注射方法,修复颜面部凹陷畸形.对充填区体积稳定后凹陷尚未完全改善的患者,进行二次或多次脂肪颗粒移植手术,直至效果满意为止.结果:本组7例半侧颜面萎缩患者,充填后原凹陷部位丰满,基本达到形态对称.最长随访期2年,移植效果良好.结论:应用自体颗粒脂肪移植修复半侧颜面萎缩创伤小、并发症少、手术效果明显,相对现有其他治疗方法,是一种较为理想的治疗颜面部单纯软组织萎缩畸形的方法.     

大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞分离培养及成骨潜能的试验研究

【目的】研究大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞分离培养的方法和成骨分化的潜能。【方法】取大鼠腹股沟脂肪垫,酶消化法分离细胞,接种入含新生牛血清的DMEM培养基进行原代培养,用含地塞米松、抗坏血酸、β-甘油磷酸钠的DMEM培养基诱导其成骨分化。倒置显微镜、光学显微镜、透射电镜观察细胞形态,测定细胞倍增时间,检测碱性磷酸酶染色、钙结节染色。【结果】脂肪间充质干细胞呈成纤维细胞样贴壁生长,倍增时问为35h,传代稳定;经成骨诱导,细胞呈多角形,体积明显增大,倍增时间为68h。Gomori改良钙钴法碱性磷酸酶染色显示其胞浆内含碱性磷酸酶颗粒,阳性率为80％;茜素红S染色见钙结节形成。【结论】成功地建立了一种分离、培养大鼠脂肪问充质干细胞的方法;经成骨诱导,其具有成骨的潜能,可作为骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

高脂餐后内皮依赖性血管舒张功能变化及其影响因素

目的：探讨高脂餐后血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）代谢与内皮依赖性血管舒功能变化的关系。方法７５例血清总胆固醇（ＴＧ）正常的受试在禁食１２ｈ后,接受高脂餐负荷试验。分别采集餐前及餐后２、４、５、７ｈ静脉血标本,用以测定血清ＴＧ浓度以及血清ＴＣ、低密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、高密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）浓度。采用高分辨血管外超声法检测餐前及餐后４ｈ肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能。结果餐后２