家庭社会经济地位对青少年主观幸福感影响的多重中介效应分析

目的:探讨家庭社会经济地位与青少年主观幸福感的关系及领悟社会支持和积极心理资本的中介作用。方法:采用家庭社会经济地位问卷、幸福感指数量表、领悟社会支持量表和积极心理资本问卷调查了932名青少年。结果:(1)家庭社会经济地位、领悟社会支持、积极心理资本和主观幸福感两两之间相关显著;(2)家庭社会经济地位对主观幸福感的直接效应不显著,但领悟社会支持、积极心理资本在家庭社会经济地位与主观幸福感之间的三条中介路径均显著。结论:为提升低家庭社会经济地位青少年主观幸福感,改善其领悟社会支持和积极心理资本水平是可实现的有效路径。     

Exploring online identity construction for the caregivers of adults living with dementia and the value of interactions with health and social care professionals

Becoming an informal caregiver for an adult living with dementia has been shown to have a significant impact upon the conception of identity. This study aimed to identify how identity is constructed online amongst caregivers of individuals living with dementia and how healthcare interactions can influence identity development through the analysis of online web blogs. Sixteen online blogs (172 entries) were selected through purposive and snowball sampling, and discourse analysis was used to analyse online identity construction for informal caregivers of adults living with dementia. Six areas of online identity construction were identified: changing family role; powerful expert social campaigner; being an advocate; guardian of their relative's selfhood; sustaining creative and spiritual individuality and wider community member in online and real life. Further to this, the importance of health and social care service interactions in the development of caregiver identity revealed that professionals must ensure person-centred service contacts for caregivers. This is a challenging task in the pandemic climate where interactions between health and social care professionals and caregivers are limited due to isolation measures. It is evident that the blog format can provide a forum through which the identity of the caregiver of an adult living with dementia can evolve. The six areas of identity construction reveal the multifaceted nature of identity for the caregiver and the value of belonging to an online community both in relation to identity construction and support. This finding is especially applicable in the current pandemic when accessing a face-to-face community is challenging for caregivers who may be shielding or living in isolation. The findings of this research can aid health and social care professionals in understanding the development of caregiver identity and in providing appropriate support during service interactions, on accessing virtual and face to face community support.     

家庭因素与青少年非自杀性自伤关系的研究进展

非自杀性自伤(NSSI)在各国青少年群体中均有很高的发生率,且其发生率正逐年上升,已成为现阶段全球公认的影响青少年身心健康的重大公共卫生问题之一,备受国内外广大专家、学者的关注与重视。然而,其发生机制尚不明确,目前的研究也正处于初级阶段。据目前研究显示,NSSI的影响因素主要有个体因素、环境因素和神经生物学因素。家庭作为青少年成长过程中最重要的外部环境,在青少年身心发展中起着至关重要的作用。良好的家庭环境能在一定程度上预防和减少青少年NSSI等风险行为的发生, 并可能成为未来早期干预工作的一个重要途径。本文拟对近年来国内外相关文献进行综述,为下一步研究家庭因素对青少年NSSI行为的影响提供思路,同时为临床干预和治疗提供参考。     

基于转录组数据的半夏AP2/ERF基因家族鉴定及逆境响应分析

目的：鉴定并研究半夏AP2/ERF转录因子的功能,为推进半夏品种的遗传改良提供理论依据。方法：该文基于半夏三代转录组数据鉴定了半夏中AP2/ERF家族成员,并对其进行系统的生物信息学分析,同时利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）检测半夏AP2/ERF在不同组织及不同胁迫条件下的表达情况。结果：通过转录组数据共筛选出8个全长AP2/ERF转录因子家族成员,归为AP2、ERF和DREB 3个亚家族;半夏AP2/ERF的氨基酸数目为251～512个,等电点为5.29～11.72,不稳定指数为45.90～82.41,且主要定位于细胞核中;半夏AP2/ERF基因的结构域和Motifs相对保守。组织特异性表达模式分析显示,半夏AP2/ERF基因在不同组织部位中具有不同的表达模式,且主要在叶中表达。逆境胁迫应答分析表明,PtERF1主要响应NaCl的胁迫诱导;PtERF2和PtERF4在低温和聚乙二醇（PEG）胁迫下表达量均有较大幅度的上调;PtERF3同时响应低温和NaCl两种逆境的诱导;PtERF5同时响应高温、低温、NaCl、PEG胁迫诱导;PtERF7在高温胁迫下表达...     

Associations between Family-Based Stress and Dietary Inflammatory Potential among Families with Preschool-Aged Children

Chronic stress is known to influence dietary choices, and stressed families often report poorer diet quality; however, little is known about how family-based stress is linked with dietary patterns that promote inflammation. This study investigated associations between family-based stress and the inflammatory potential of the diet among preschool-aged children and their parents. Parents (n = 212 mothers, n = 146 fathers) and children (n = 130 girls, n = 123 boys; aged 18 months to 5 years) from 241 families participating in the Guelph Family Health Study were included in the analyses. Parents reported levels of parenting distress, depressive symptoms, household chaos, and family functioning. The inflammatory potential of parents’ and children’s diets was quantified using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII^®), adjusted for total energy intake (i.e., the E-DII^TM). E-DII scores were regressed onto family stress using generalized estimating equations to account for shared variance among family clusters. Compared to those in homes with low chaos, parents in chaotic homes had significantly more proinflammatory dietary profiles (β = 0.973; 95% CI: 0.321, 1.624, p = 0.003). Similarly, compared to those in well-functioning families, parents in dysfunctional families had significantly more proinflammatory dietary profiles (β = 0.967; 95% CI: 0.173, 1.761, p = 0.02). No significant associations were found between parents’ E-DII scores and parenting distress or depressive symptoms, nor were any associations found for children’s E-DII scores. Results were not found to differ between males and females. Parents in chaotic or dysfunctional family environments may be at increased risk of chronic disease due to proinflammatory dietary profiles. Children’s dietary inflammatory profiles were not directly associated with family stress; however, indirect connections through family food-related behaviours may exist. Future research should prioritize elucidating these mechanisms.     

Measuring quality and level of care provided by family caregivers of persons with dementia: protocol for a systematic review of validated instruments

BackgroundChanges in the quality-of-life (QoL) of family caregivers as they care for their loved ones with dementia over time may affect the quality or level of care that these caregivers provide. We do not know if validated instruments exist to directly measure this quality or level of care. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify validated instruments for measuring the quality or level of care provided by family caregivers of persons with dementia.MethodsWe will include articles containing a validated instrument or questionnaire designed to measure quality or level of care provided by the aforementioned group of caregivers. The included articles may utilize the tools in primary or secondary data analyses, or evaluate the tools'' psychometric properties. The following electronic databases will be searched from inception date to the present: Medline, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Central, and PsycINFO. We will also search the gray literature, the reference lists of included articles, and contact experts in the field to help identify relevant instruments. Included articles will be required to report on an instrument measuring at least one of the following outcomes: quality of care, level of care, appropriateness of care, amount of time spent providing care, and caregiver performance. Two reviewers will independently screen retrieved citations, extract data, and assess the methodological quality of each included article. A narrative synthesis method will be used to describe the findings.DiscussionResults of this systematic review will show whether validated instruments exist to measure the quality or level of care provided by family caregivers of persons living with dementia. This will make it possible to develop initiatives that are targeted towards improving the quality or level of care provided by family caregivers.     

嘉兴市0~3岁儿童养育风险现状分析

目的 了解嘉兴市0~3岁婴幼儿养育风险现状及家庭养育中存在的问题,为婴幼儿家庭养育提供针对性的家庭养育建议。 方法 采用横断面调查方法,2020年6月1日-7月31日期间在嘉兴地区所有儿童保健门诊体检的0~3岁儿童为研究对象,家长现场用手机填写0~6、6~12、12~36月龄段《养育风险问卷》以及自拟的《家庭基本情况调查问卷》问卷星,根据风险因素给予家庭干预指导。 结果 共调查9 384例0~3岁婴幼儿家庭,养育风险筛查阳性率0~6月龄为30.48%,6~12月龄为39.11%,12~36月龄为45.63%。小于6月龄婴幼儿养育风险因素前三位的是儿童不吃母乳(10.61%)、家中玩具少于3个(8.34%)、儿童至少有2周新生儿期住院史(7.93%);6~12月龄婴幼儿养育风险因素前三位的为没有给儿童吃富含铁的食物 (23.73%)、儿童有营养性疾病(9.64%)、儿童每天吃奶少于3次(6.53%);12~36月龄婴幼儿养育风险因素前三位的为儿童很少每天吃瘦肉或鸡蛋(22.46%)、家中没有图画书(14.85%)、每天很少跟儿童一起玩耍(9.87%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示父亲学历为高中大专、本科及以上(OR=0.784,95%CI:0.697~0.881;OR=0.701,95%CI:0.599~0.820); 母亲学历为高中大专、本科及以上(OR=0.815,95%CI:0.724~0.917;OR=0.628,95%CI:0.539~0.732)是保护因素;性别男性为危险因素(OR=1.160,95%CI:1.066~1.262)。 结论 现阶段0~3岁婴幼儿普遍存在养育风险,各级专业人员亟需加强健康教育,指导家庭科学养育,规避家庭养育中可避免的风险,保障婴幼儿身心健康。     

社区精神分裂症综合式家庭干预对照研究

目的：了解综合式家庭干预对社区精神分裂症患者和家属的效果。方法：在宝山区随机抽取186例精神分裂症进行一年的综合式家庭干预对照研究,干预组86例接受综合式家庭干预和常规社区服务,对照组100例仅接受常规社区服务。结果：干预组患者年复发率下降47．3％,社区功能明显改善,干预组家庭对有关疾病知识增长,心理状况改善,照料负担减轻,与对照组比较效果显著。结论：综合式家庭干预对精神分裂症患者家属有良好的效果,应纳入常规社区服务。     

基层计划生育人员AIDS／STD相关知识、技能及服务意愿调查

用邮寄问卷的方式,对安徽省合肥市不同级别的计划生育服务机构的服务人员进行了AIDS／STD相关知识,技能以及服务意愿的调查。结果发现,基层计划生育服务人员具有一定的AIDS／STD知识和开展预防服务的技能,并且具有开展AIDS／STD预防服务的意愿,结果提示,基层计划生育服务人员是预防AIDS／STD的重要人力资源,对其进行AIDS／STD知识／技能的专门培训,对控制AIDS／STD在妇女人群中流行和减少母婴传播方面都能起到积极的作用。