类风湿关节炎致自发性手指肌腱断裂的临床分析

目的探讨类风湿关节炎致自发性手指肌腱断裂的临床特点和治疗效果。方法对8例自发性手指肌腱断裂的患者（均有3～8年类风湿关节炎的病史），其中2例拇长伸肌腱断裂，采用示指固有伸肌腱转位修复；3例环、小指指伸肌腱断裂，采用环指指伸肌腱与中指指伸肌腱端侧编织缝合，示指固有伸肌腱移位修复小指固有伸肌腱；2例中、环、小指指伸肌腱断裂，采用冷冻异体指伸肌腱移植修复。1例拇长屈肌腱断裂，采用环指指浅屈肌腱转位修复。结果术后局部滑膜和肌腱组织送病理检查均显示为慢性炎症伴局灶性坏死。术后随访6个月～7年，未见肌腱再次断裂，优良率为100％。结论多根肌腱同时断裂是类风湿关节炎致自发性手指肌腱断裂的常见特点，手术采用肌腱转位或异体肌腱移植术，疗效确切。     

股内侧肌中间入路与内侧髌旁入路在初次全膝关节置换中的对比研究

目的对股内侧肌中间入路和内侧髌旁人路在全膝关节置换术（TKA）手术相关参数和术后早期康复的相关参数进行比较。方法自2004年3月～2006年3月将34例同期双膝TKA患者两侧膝关节的手术入路进行随机分配，一侧采用股内侧肌中间入路，另一侧采用内侧髌旁人路。比较两组的外科参数和临床参数，外科参数包括暴露的难易程度、手术时间、术中失血量和外侧支持带需要松解的比例。临床参数包括术后静息和运动时疼痛、直腿抬高时间、主动屈曲到90。的时间、术后膝关节活动度及并发症。结果两组手术时间无明显差异，与内侧髋旁人路比较采用股内侧肌中间入路一侧的膝关节术中失血较少[（286．0±29．8）mL／us．（368．0±35．8）mL，P〈0．05]，外翻膝需要做外侧支持带松解的比例较小（20％us 50％，P〈0．05），术后l周内疼痛较轻（P〈0．05），能较早地进行主动直腿抬高[（1．8±0．3）d us．（4．5±0．8）d，P〈0．01]，较早地屈曲到90^o[（3．2±0．8）d us（7．1±1．2）d，P〈0．01]，术后45d活动度改善较快[（107^o±20^o）us、（98^o±12^o），P〈0．05]。结论因为股内侧肌中间入路对伸膝装置和髌周血管丛的破坏较少，TKA后功能恢复早期，比内侧髌旁人路更具有优势。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤手术时机的探讨(附237例分析)

目的探讨颅内破裂动脉瘤手术时机与临床预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2005年我院收治的237例颅内破裂动脉瘤，其中196例行手术治疗。按入院时Hunt—Hess分级将手术病人分为A组（Ⅰ～Ⅲ级）162例，B组（Ⅳ、Ⅴ级）34例；根据手术时间分为早期手术组（SAH3d内手术）19例，延期手术组（SAH4～10d手术）82例，晚期手术组（SAH11d之后手术）95例。比较不同手术期别动脉瘤术中破裂率、术后1个月GOS评分及术后主要并发症（脑血管痉挛、脑积水）发生率，并进行统计学分析。结果24例（10．1％）因再出血丧失治疗机会。术中动脉瘤破裂早期手术组3例（15，8％），延期手术组8例（9．8％），晚期手术组6例（613％）。术后脑血管痉挛发生率早期手术组为15，8％，延期手术组为19，5％，晚期手术组为17，9％。脑积水发生率以晚期手术组最高（14，7％）。对术后1个月GOS评分Ridit分析结果显示：A、B两组中均以早期手术组治疗效果最佳．延期手术次之．晚期手术最差。结论早期手术可规避颅内破裂动脉瘤再出血的风险，降低主要并发症发生率。对于各个级别（包括Ⅳ、Ⅴ级）的SAH病人，均应根据治疗者的手术经验与技巧和所在医院的条件，及早诊断，尽早手术。     

老年腹主动脉瘤患者腔内隔绝围手术期脑保护

目的探讨老年腹主动脉瘤患者腔内隔绝围手术期脑保护及其临床意义。方法根据有无实施脑保护将69例老年腹主动脉瘤行腔内隔绝治疗的患者随机分成两组:保护组38例,对照组31例。对两组术后脑血管意外及脑功能障碍情况进行对比分析。结果两组的年龄、入院时血压、手术时间差异均无统计学意义。两组均未发生死亡和出血性脑卒中。保护组术后谵妄发生率低于对照组(分别为5.3%和41.9%,P<0.05),术后住院时间少于对照组(分别为9.1±3.2d和16.7±5.8d,P<0.05);术后缺血性脑卒中保护组0例,对照组3例,两组比较无统计学意义(0%和9.7%,P>0.05)。结论对老年腹主动脉瘤接受腔内隔绝治疗的患者围手术期采取脑保护能降低脑血管意外和维持大脑功能,有利于患者术后恢复。     

严重耻骨联合分离合并胫腓骨开放性粉碎骨折1例报告

患者,男性,24岁。外伤后下腹部及左下肢肿胀、疼痛、活动受限5 h入院。患者2004年4月21日7时许骑摩托车与汽车相撞,伤后有短暂意识丧失。于当地医院行X线检查示:左小腿多段开放性粉碎性骨折,左内踝骨折。给予伤口加压包扎,下肢夹板外固定,因当地医院条件有限转入我院。入院后查:体温36·4℃,脉搏100次/m in,呼吸20次/m in,血压70/40 mmHg,意识清醒,全身多处软组织挫伤及皮肤擦伤。腹部无明显隆起,有压痛,无移动性浊音。左下肢夹板外固定,左小腿中段有一长约15 cm的皮肤裂伤,肌肉、骨骼外露,左踝关节畸形,活动受限,足趾活动自如,双侧足背动…     

KCNJ2 mutations in arrhythmia patients referred for LQT testing: A mutation T305A with novel effect on rectification properties

BACKGROUND: Loss-of-function mutations in the KCNJ2 cause approximately 50% of Andersen-Tawil Syndrome (ATS) characterized by a classic triad of periodic paralysis, ventricular arrhythmia, and dysmorphic features. Do KCNJ2 mutations occur in patients lacking this triad and lacking a family history of ATS? OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize mutations in the KCNJ2-encoded inward rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1 from patients referred for genetic arrhythmia testing. METHODS: Mutational analysis of KCNJ2 was performed for 541 unrelated patients. The mutations were made in wild type (WT) and expressed in COS-1 cells and voltage clamped for ion currents. RESULTS: Three novel missense mutations (R67Q, R85W, and T305A) and one known mutation (T75M) were identified in 4/249 (1.6%) patients genotype-negative for other known arrhythmia genes with overall incidence 4/541 (0.74%). They had prominent U-waves, marked ventricular ectopy, and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia but no facial/skeletal abnormalities. Periodic paralysis was present in only one case. Outward current was decreased to less than 5% of WT for all mutants expressed alone. Co-expression with WT (simulating heterozygosity) caused a marked dominant negative effect for T75M and R82W, no dominant negative effect for R67Q, and a novel selective enhancement of inward rectification for T305A. CONCLUSIONS: KCNJ2 loss of function mutations were found in approximately 1% of patients referred for genetic arrhythmia testing that lacked criteria for ATS. Characterization of three new mutations identified a novel dominant negative effect selectively reducing outward current for T305A. These results extend the range of clinical phenotype and molecular phenotype associated with KCNJ2 mutations.     

桥接钢板治疗长管状骨的高能量损伤

目的探讨应用桥接钢板治疗长管状骨高能量损伤的临床疗效。方法应用桥接钢板的形式治疗长管状骨的高能量损伤37例。其中股骨粉碎性骨折12例，胫腓骨粉碎性骨折17例，肱骨粉碎性骨折3例，尺桡骨粉碎性骨折5例。结果全部病例得到随访，时间45d～2年，1年内骨性愈合34例，延迟愈合3例，无骨不连病例。根据自定的长管状骨愈合评价标准，本组优21例，良13例，中3例。结论长管状骨的高能量损伤骨折形式复杂，治疗较棘手，应用桥接钢板的形式进行治疗可最大限度地保留骨折部的血运，有利于骨折的按期愈合及减少并发症。     

微创内固定系统治疗膝关节周围骨折

目的探讨使用微创内固定系统（LISS）治疗膝关节周围骨折的手术技巧和效果。方法通过闭合复位、LISS固定的方法治疗膝关节周围骨折11例。结果经3-20个月的随访，11例患者术后骨折复位、对线良好，全部骨折均达到临床愈合。无皮肤坏死、后期复位丢失、内固定松动或失效等并发症发生。结论LISS固定系统治疗膝关节周围骨折具有微创、固定可靠、术后恢复和骨折愈合快的优点，是膝关节周围复杂骨折的有效治疗方法。     

Infection dynamics and virus-induced apoptosis in cell culture-based influenza vaccine production—Flow cytometry and mathematical modeling

Cell culture-based influenza vaccine manufacturing is of growing importance. Depending on virus strains, differences in infection dynamics, virus-induced apoptosis, cell lysis and virus yields are observed. Comparatively little is known concerning details of virus–host cell interaction on a cellular level and virus spreading in a population of cells in bioreactors. In this study, the infection of MDCK cells with different influenza A virus strains in lab-scale microcarrier culture was investigated by flow cytometry. Together with the infection status of cells, virus-induced apoptosis was monitored. A mathematical model has been formulated to describe changes in the concentration of uninfected and infected adherent cells, dynamics of virus particle release (infectious virions, hemagglutinin content), and the time course of the percentage composition of the cell population.