颅内破裂动脉瘤手术时机的探讨(附237例分析)

目的探讨颅内破裂动脉瘤手术时机与临床预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2005年我院收治的237例颅内破裂动脉瘤，其中196例行手术治疗。按入院时Hunt—Hess分级将手术病人分为A组（Ⅰ～Ⅲ级）162例，B组（Ⅳ、Ⅴ级）34例；根据手术时间分为早期手术组（SAH3d内手术）19例，延期手术组（SAH4～10d手术）82例，晚期手术组（SAH11d之后手术）95例。比较不同手术期别动脉瘤术中破裂率、术后1个月GOS评分及术后主要并发症（脑血管痉挛、脑积水）发生率，并进行统计学分析。结果24例（10．1％）因再出血丧失治疗机会。术中动脉瘤破裂早期手术组3例（15，8％），延期手术组8例（9．8％），晚期手术组6例（613％）。术后脑血管痉挛发生率早期手术组为15，8％，延期手术组为19，5％，晚期手术组为17，9％。脑积水发生率以晚期手术组最高（14，7％）。对术后1个月GOS评分Ridit分析结果显示：A、B两组中均以早期手术组治疗效果最佳．延期手术次之．晚期手术最差。结论早期手术可规避颅内破裂动脉瘤再出血的风险，降低主要并发症发生率。对于各个级别（包括Ⅳ、Ⅴ级）的SAH病人，均应根据治疗者的手术经验与技巧和所在医院的条件，及早诊断，尽早手术。     

严重耻骨联合分离合并胫腓骨开放性粉碎骨折1例报告

患者,男性,24岁。外伤后下腹部及左下肢肿胀、疼痛、活动受限5 h入院。患者2004年4月21日7时许骑摩托车与汽车相撞,伤后有短暂意识丧失。于当地医院行X线检查示:左小腿多段开放性粉碎性骨折,左内踝骨折。给予伤口加压包扎,下肢夹板外固定,因当地医院条件有限转入我院。入院后查:体温36·4℃,脉搏100次/m in,呼吸20次/m in,血压70/40 mmHg,意识清醒,全身多处软组织挫伤及皮肤擦伤。腹部无明显隆起,有压痛,无移动性浊音。左下肢夹板外固定,左小腿中段有一长约15 cm的皮肤裂伤,肌肉、骨骼外露,左踝关节畸形,活动受限,足趾活动自如,双侧足背动…     

KCNJ2 mutations in arrhythmia patients referred for LQT testing: A mutation T305A with novel effect on rectification properties

BACKGROUND: Loss-of-function mutations in the KCNJ2 cause approximately 50% of Andersen-Tawil Syndrome (ATS) characterized by a classic triad of periodic paralysis, ventricular arrhythmia, and dysmorphic features. Do KCNJ2 mutations occur in patients lacking this triad and lacking a family history of ATS? OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize mutations in the KCNJ2-encoded inward rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1 from patients referred for genetic arrhythmia testing. METHODS: Mutational analysis of KCNJ2 was performed for 541 unrelated patients. The mutations were made in wild type (WT) and expressed in COS-1 cells and voltage clamped for ion currents. RESULTS: Three novel missense mutations (R67Q, R85W, and T305A) and one known mutation (T75M) were identified in 4/249 (1.6%) patients genotype-negative for other known arrhythmia genes with overall incidence 4/541 (0.74%). They had prominent U-waves, marked ventricular ectopy, and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia but no facial/skeletal abnormalities. Periodic paralysis was present in only one case. Outward current was decreased to less than 5% of WT for all mutants expressed alone. Co-expression with WT (simulating heterozygosity) caused a marked dominant negative effect for T75M and R82W, no dominant negative effect for R67Q, and a novel selective enhancement of inward rectification for T305A. CONCLUSIONS: KCNJ2 loss of function mutations were found in approximately 1% of patients referred for genetic arrhythmia testing that lacked criteria for ATS. Characterization of three new mutations identified a novel dominant negative effect selectively reducing outward current for T305A. These results extend the range of clinical phenotype and molecular phenotype associated with KCNJ2 mutations.     

Infection dynamics and virus-induced apoptosis in cell culture-based influenza vaccine production—Flow cytometry and mathematical modeling

Cell culture-based influenza vaccine manufacturing is of growing importance. Depending on virus strains, differences in infection dynamics, virus-induced apoptosis, cell lysis and virus yields are observed. Comparatively little is known concerning details of virus–host cell interaction on a cellular level and virus spreading in a population of cells in bioreactors. In this study, the infection of MDCK cells with different influenza A virus strains in lab-scale microcarrier culture was investigated by flow cytometry. Together with the infection status of cells, virus-induced apoptosis was monitored. A mathematical model has been formulated to describe changes in the concentration of uninfected and infected adherent cells, dynamics of virus particle release (infectious virions, hemagglutinin content), and the time course of the percentage composition of the cell population.     

前列腺素E1抑制血吸虫病家兔肝脏Ⅰ，Ⅲ型胶原生成的研究

目的:探讨前列腺素E1对血吸虫病家兔肝脏Ⅰ，Ⅲ型胶原的生成及分子伴侣Grp78/BiP基因表达的影响。 方法:用血吸虫尾蚴皮肤敷贴法感染14只家兔，构建血吸虫病肝纤维化动物模型。其中7只兔于感染后60d开始静脉注射PGE1［2.5μg/（kg.d）］至120d。用RT-PCR检测肝组织Ⅰ，Ⅲ型胶原和Grp78/BiP基因mRNA的表达水平。 结果:血吸虫病家兔肝纤维化形成过程中Ⅰ，Ⅲ型胶原基因表达水平明显增加，分别为(14.81±3.57)%和(12.9±3.25) %;Grp78/BiP mRNA表达显著上调(P<0.05)。外源性PGE1与模型组比较显著降低胶原Ⅰ，ⅢmRNA，分别为(5.79±1.26)%和(5.34±1.08) % （P<0.01)。分子伴侣Grp78/BiP mRNA水平显著下调，分别为(0.43±0.07)%和(0.29±0.02) % （P<0.05)。结论:PGE1可通过抑制基因表达和阻遏胶原成熟而有效地降低血吸虫病家兔肝脏胶原纤维的生成。     

Effect of atrial pacing therapy with selective pacing algorithms on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia among the elderly. Its incidence increases dramatically with increasing age and decreasing left ventrieular function, peaking in subjects with overt congestive heart failure, Because of the unsatisfactory efficacy and possible serious side effects of clinically available anti-AF drugs for AF patients with sick sinus syndrome, pacing techniques have recently been applied in the treatment of AF. The cardiac pacemaker Vitatron     

体外震波对骨和骨疾病的作用及其机制

体外震波（extracorporeal shock wave，ESW）于20世纪80年代中期开始用于骨科领域，目前，它作为一种非侵入性治疗方法用于治疗多种骨相关疾病。为指导其进一步用于临床治疗并提高疗效，了解它对正常骨组织的影响和对骨疾病的治疗作用及其机制非常重要。现已有不少学者对这些方面进行了相关的基础与临床研究，取得了明显进展。本文就体外震波对骨和骨疾病的作用及其机制综述如下。     

弹拨手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症臀后部肌痉挛患者的疗效观察

患者,男,22岁。主因双手近端指间关节对称性肿胀1年于2006年10月20日至我科门诊就诊。患者1年前开始出现双手多个近端指间关节肿胀,无关节痛,无关节活动受限。曾至我院骨科门诊,怀疑为“类风湿性关节炎”,口服滑膜炎冲剂、非甾体类消炎止痛药物,症状持续不缓解。现仍有双手食、中、无名指近端指间关节扁梭形肿胀,中指、无名指明显。肿胀局部无压痛,各关节活动度正常。患者无晨僵,无发热及咽痛。既往患者有下意识掰动手指弄出声响的习惯。查体:一般情况良好。双手食、中、无名指近端指间关节梭形肿胀,关节两侧皮肤增厚,未见苔藓样变(图1 a)。…     

Addition of Transdermal or Inhaled Long-Acting β 2-Agonists in Adult Asthmatic Patients Treated with Inhaled Corticosteroids: Switchover Study from Tulobuterol Patch to Salmeterol Dry Powder Inhaler

Sixty-four patients with persistent asthma receiving 200 to 800 μ g of fluticasone propionate daily were enrolled in this switchover study. The patients applied a tulobuterol patch 2 mg every 24 hours for 4 weeks followed by inhalation of salmeterol 100 μ g bid for 4 weeks. The mean values for morning and evening peak expiratory flow improved significantly compared with baseline during the 4 weeks of tulobuterol patch treatment. Further improvement was seen on switching to salmeterol treatment, which was significant even in the first week, and continued until the final week of the study. Use of salmeterol alone resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second %FEV1 from baseline, with 51% of patients feeling that the treatment was effective (vs. 37% on tulobuterol). These data suggest that salmeterol can achieve better control in asthmatic patients after switching from using tulobuterol patches.