运用Cox模型和Sokal,Hasford积分系统对慢性髓细胞白血病患者的预后分析

本研究分析影响慢性髓细胞白血病（CML）患者预后的危险因素。采用回顾性研究分析204例CML患者的临床及实验室检查资料，用Kaplan—Meier法绘制生存曲线，用Logrank检验比较生存率，运用Cox回归模型进行单因素及多因素分析，并分别计算Sokal，Hasford积分。结果表明：204例患者中位生存时间为50（32—65）月，5年生存率32．3％（95％CI，23．7％-42．6％）。干扰素组与羟基脲组的中位生存时间分别为56（41—67）月和41（19—56）月，5年生存率分别为45．4％（95％CI，37．5％-54．2％）和26．8％（95％CI，21．6％-33．3％）（P〈0．001）。经Cox回归分析，Ph染色体阴性、乳酸脱氢酶含量增高、外周血嗜碱性粒细胞≥10％、出现有核红细胞、骨髓原粒细胞≥4％、骨髓原始＋早幼粒细胞≥10％和红细胞压积降低是CML预后不良的危险因素，而治疗方法也是影响CML预后的重要因素。羟基脲组经Sokal积分检验，高危组占72．9％，中危组占21．5％，而低危组占5．6％，中位生存时间分别为34（23—49）月、43（32—58）月、50（38—62）月；干扰素组经Hasford积分检验，高危组占17．6％，中危组占25．1％，低危组占57．3％，中位生存时间分别为44（33—57）月、56（45—70）月和66（52—76）月。结论：Ph染色体、乳酸脱氢酶含量、红细胞压积、外周血嗜碱性粒细胞、出现有核红细胞、骨髓原始和早幼粒细胞以及治疗方法是影响CML预后的重要因素。以Sokal积分系统评价羟基脲组患者不能很好区分危险组，而Hasford积分系统评价干扰素组患者，能够区分危险组。     

同种异体猪胰腺移植后的细胞凋亡形态学观察

目的观察胰腺移植后胰腺细胞凋亡的形态学变化。方法以6对动物猪作为实验对象，配对行胰肾联合移植（SPK），观察术后移植物细胞凋亡的形态。结果电镜检查标本可见胰腺细胞出现凋亡，观察到凋亡小体和核固缩现象，TUNEL法标记可观察到大量的凋亡细胞。结论胰腺移植早期可观察到胰腺细胞凋亡现象。     

烧伤创面切削痂植皮对纠正烧伤后肾脏损害的价值

目的　探讨烧伤合并肾脏损害的治疗方法。方法　对 47例烧伤合并肾损害进行烧伤创面切削痂植皮 ,以减少烧伤毒素、促进创面修复、促进肾脏功能恢复。结果　术后 1周观察 ,3 6例肾损害治愈、9例好转、2例无效 ;完成手术后 ,最快 3d肾损害即可控制。本组最后治愈41例、死亡 6例。结论　对于烧伤合并肾损害 ,及时采用手术治疗 ,不仅利于肾功能的恢复 ,也是保证患者最终康复的重要手段。一旦烧伤病人出现肾功能损害 ,应尽早进行烧伤创面切削痂植皮术修复深度创面。     

Medpor义眼座置入同期放置钛钉治疗眼眶凹陷畸形

目的探讨Medpor义眼座植入同期放置钛钉治疗眼球摘除术后眼眶凹陷畸形的有效性和可行性。方法眼球摘除同期置入Medpor义眼座患者80例，随机分为钛钉Ⅰ期置入组和Ⅱ期置入组，每组各40例。比较两组患者术中、术后出现的并发症和患者对义眼活动度和外观的满意程度。结果40例Ⅰ期置入患者术中有37例在术后2～6周时钛钉尾端自发性暴露，只有3例患者需要剪开结膜使钛钉尾端暴露。术后出现并发症者共37例，占46％：其中Ⅰ期置入组17例，Ⅱ期置入组加例，两者差异无统计学意义（P=0．501）。所有患者对其外观和活动度满意，其中Ⅰ期置入组非常满意36例，比较满意4例；Ⅱ期置入组非常满意34例，比较满意6例，两者差异无统计学意义（P=0．502）。结论Medpor义眼座置入同期放置钛钉治疗眼球摘除术后眼眶凹陷畸形，是一种安全有效的手术方法，同时患者避免了再次手术的痛苦。     

关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗膝滑膜结核的临床分析

目的：探讨关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗膝滑膜结核的疗效。方法：对我院1990年1月至2003年7月的23例膝关节滑膜结核的患者在关节镜下行滑膜切除术并取组织送病理检查。结果：术后经随访16—36个月，患者功能恢复良好，症状消失，优良率达到96．3％。结论：关节镜下滑膜切除术治疗膝关节滑膜结核是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

枢椎后路侧块螺钉与椎弓根螺钉固定强度的生物力学评价

目的评价单皮质和双皮质枢椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉的固定强度,为临床选择枢椎后路螺钉的固定方式提供生物力学依据。方法利用12具新鲜尸体枢椎标本,进行单皮质和双皮质的椎弓根螺钉或侧块螺钉固定,测试比较其螺钉拔出强度。结果双皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉的拔出力量最大,为(1 726.5±433.3)N;单皮质枢椎椎弓根螺钉〔(1 279.9±432.0)N〕与双皮质枢椎侧块螺钉〔(1 054.8±411.3)N〕之间差异无统计学意义;单皮质枢椎侧块最小为(689.4±128.0)N。结论枢椎后路螺钉固定宜首选椎弓根螺钉,侧块螺钉可作为补充固定技术,且以双皮质骨固定为宜。     

The severity of airways obstruction as a determinant of treatment response in COPD

Guidelines recommend that patients with COPD are stratified arbitrarily by baseline severity (FEV₁) to decide when to initiate combination treatment with a long-acting β₂-agonist and an inhaled corticosteroid. Assessment of baseline FEV₁ as a continuous variable may provide a more reliable prediction of treatment effects. Patients from a 1-year, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial comparing 50 μg salmeterol (Sal), 500 μg fluticasone propionate (FP), the combination (Sal/FP) and placebo, (bid), were categorized post hoc into FEV₁ <50% and FEV₁ ≥50% predicted subgroups (n=949/513 respectively). Treatment effects on clinical outcomes – lung function, exacerbations, health status, diary card symptoms, and adverse events – were investigated. Treatment responses based on a pre-specified analysis explored treatment differences by severity as a continuous variable. Lung function improved with active treatment irrespective of FEV₁; Sal/FP had greatest effect. This improvement appeared additive in milder disease; synergistic in severe disease. Active therapy significantly reduced exacerbation rate in patients with FEV₁ <50% predicted, not in milder disease. Health status and breathlessness improved with Sal/FP irrespective of baseline FEV₁; adverse events were similar across subgroups. The spirometric response to Sal/FP varied with baseline FEV₁, and clinical benefits were not restricted to patients with severe disease. These data have implications for COPD management decisions, suggesting that arbitrary stratifications of baseline severity are not necessarily indicative of treatment efficacy and that the benefits of assessing baseline severity as a continuous variable should be assessed in future trials.     

High incidence of and risk factors for metachronous bilateral upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan

AIM: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) can occur multifocally in the whole urothelium. A higher rate of bilateral metachronous upper tract (UT) UC was noted in Taiwan. The incidence and risk factors were largely unknown and hence were explored in the study. METHODS: From January 1977 through June 2003, 462 patients with unilateral UT-UC were studied retrospectively. The cumulative incidence of contralateral recurrence was analysed with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Potential risk factors for contralateral recurrence including age, smoking, bladder cancer, renal function, diagnostic year etc. were evaluated with the log-rank test. Independent risk factors were identified by using the Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 34 months (6-337). Among the 462 patients, 52 (11.3%) developed metachronous contralateral UC. The 2, 5, and 10-year contralateral disease-free survivals were 93.5%, 84.0%, and 75.7%, respectively. The median time to contralateral recurrence was 31.0 months. With the univariate analysis, only poor renal function (serum creatinine < or > OR =2.0 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and late diagnostic year (before or after 1990, P < 0.001) were risk factors for contralateral recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, poor renal function (hazard ratio: 2.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.67-5.33; P < 0.001) and late diagnostic year (hazard ratio: 4.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.71-10.65; P = 0.002) remained independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of metachronous UT-UC is high in Taiwan. Patients who had either chronic renal insufficiency or a disease diagnosed after 1990 had a higher risk of contralateral recurrence.     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像初步探讨

目的探讨心率与多层螺旋CT（MSCT）冠状动脉（简称冠脉）成像运动伪影的关系，及MSCT冠脉成像的临床应用价值。方法对200例临床拟诊冠心病的患者行MSCT冠脉成像检查，分析扫描时心率与冠脉运动伪影的关系；其中37例同时行常规冠脉造影（简称冠造）检查，对比分析2种检查结果。结果扫描时心率≤55次／min、56～60次／min、61～65次／min、66～70次／min和〉70次／min组有运动伪影的冠脉节段分别占冠脉总数的0．1％（1／759）、1．1％（7／649）、2．5％（10／407）、42．6％（103／242）和75．5％（108／143）；以常规冠造作为金标准，MSCT诊断狭窄≥50％的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为79．2％、96．0％、83．8％、94．6％。扫描时心率与冠脉运动伪影的数量显著相关（r=0．655，P=0．000）。结论MSCT能较准确诊断冠脉50％以上的狭窄，是无创性诊断冠脉狭窄的重要工具。     

胆固醇性肺炎的影像学表现

目的 探讨胆固醇性肺炎的影像学表现。方法 回顾性分析3例经病理证实的胆固醇陛肺炎的胸部X线片及CT表现，并复习相关文献。结果 3例胆固醇性肺炎X线片及CT均表现为肿块样病灶，其中2例伴有空洞和液平面，1例CT增强出现多环状强化。临床病程非常长，抗炎效果差；光学显微镜下可见大量富含胆固醇结晶的泡沫细胞。结论 胆固醇性肺炎是1种罕见的慢性特发性疾病，影像学表现对其诊断有定的价值。