加替沙星滴眼液对角膜异物剔除术后抗菌效果的临床研究

目的观察加替沙星滴眼液对角膜异物剔除术后的抗菌效果及安全性。方法采用随机、双盲和平行对照的方法，将200侧眼角膜异物患者随机分为加替沙星治疗组和左氧氟沙星对照组，每组各100侧。每个患者行角膜异物剔除术后，试验组应用加替沙星滴眼液，对照组应用海伦（左氧氟沙星）滴眼液，每次1滴，每2h1次，每日6次滴眼，观察两组用药后的抑菌效果及其安全性指标。结果试验组和对照组的临床疗效总有效率分别为96％和83％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。细菌清除率试验组和对照组分别为96.30％和85．37％。试验组和对照组的细菌清除率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论加替沙星滴眼液与海伦滴眼液相比，抗菌谱更广，抗菌活性更强，对角膜异物剔除术后的治疗，临床抗菌效果明确，无不良反应。     

氟康唑滴眼液治疗真菌性角膜炎的临床观察

目的　探讨 0 .5 %氟康唑滴眼液对真菌性角膜炎的治疗作用。方法　将临床接治的真菌性角膜炎 31例 31眼分为两组 ,A组 19只眼 ,用 0 .5 %氟康唑滴眼液点眼治疗 ,B组 12只眼 ,用 0 .3%二性霉素B溶液滴眼治疗。观察比较疗效 ,统计学处理。结果　A组有效率 89.4 % ,B组有效率 75 .0 % ,卡方检验 ,P <0 .0 5 ,有统计学差异。结论　 0 .5 %氟康唑滴眼液可以作为临床抗真菌性角膜炎的一线局部用药 ,其疗效明显高于二性霉素B。     

Effects of low-concentration atropine eye drops on the optical quality of the eyes in myopic children

Purpose:The present study was performed to compare the optical quality of the eyes of myopic children before and after treatment with atropine eye drops of different concentrations.Methods:In the study population of 71 patients (131 eyes), 34 patients (63 eyes) were given 0.01% atropine eye drops and 37 patients (68 eyes) were given 0.05% atropine eye drops. The modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff frequency, Strehl ratio, objective scattering index (OSI), and predicted visual acuities (PVAs 100%, 20%, and 9%) under different lighting conditions were measured before and after two weeks of atropine treatment.Results:After using 0.05% atropine eye drops for two weeks, the Strehl ratio decreased from 0.27 ± 0.07 to 0.23 ± 0.07 (P = 0.0026), PVA 20% decreased from 1.15 ± 0.32 to 1.03 ± 0.36 (P = 0.0344), and PVA 9% decreased from 0.74 ± 0.23 to 0.64 ± 0.23 (P = 0.0073). The OSI was significantly higher after using 0.05% than 0.01% atropine eye drops (P = 0.0396), while both the Strehl ratio and PVA 20% were lower after using 0.05% than 0.01% atropine eye drops (P = 0.0087 and P = 0.0492, respectively).Conclusion:The children’s optical quality did not change significantly after using 0.01% atropine eye drops, whereas it decreased after using 0.05% atropine eye drops.     

Acute Asthma Attack Caused by Ophthalmic Application of Antiallergic Agents

Background To investigate the induction of acute asthmatic attacks caused by several kinds of antiallergic eyedrops for the treatment of allergic conjunctival diseases in a patient with bronchial asthma and aspirin sensitivity.Case A 42-year-old man with a 10-year history of bronchial asthma and with aspirin sensitivity, who had been given disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) to be applied topically, developed asthma after applying DSCG drops.Observations After the instillation of DSCG, tranilast, ibudilast, and ketotifen, the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) decreased in this patient and asthmatic signs developed. However, there was no decrease in the PEFR after challenge with pemirolast, levocabastine, or fluorometholone (0.1%) eyedrops, or saline as control.Conclusions This case suggests that mast-cell-stabilizer eyedrops might induce an asthma attack in patients with a history of asthma and aspirin or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug allergy. Mast-cell-stabilizing eyedrops should be prescribed for such patients with special precautions unless the patient is known to tolerate mast cell stabilizers without difficulty. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:475–477 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004     

双氯芬酸钠联合玻璃酸钠治疗眼科术后干眼症的临床分析

目的:观察双氯芬酸钠联合玻璃酸钠治疗眼科术后干眼症的临床疗效.方法:选择我院眼科术后不同程度干眼症患者94例94眼,并将其随机分为研究组和对照组各47例47眼,对照组患者在常规治疗的基础上联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗,研究组患者在对照组的基础上配合双氯芬酸钠滴眼液治疗.比较两组患者治疗效果、干眼症状调查问卷评分、检测角膜荧光染色(corneal fluorescein staining,CFS)、泪膜破裂时间 (tear film break-up time,BUT)及泪液分泌(Schirmer Ⅰ test,SⅠt)情况.结果:治疗后两组患者干眼症临床症状调查得分、CFS得分均明显低于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),BUT及SⅠt情况比治疗前增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者在治疗后干眼症临床症状调查得分、CFS得分、BUT及SⅠt结果均优于对照组患者,两组之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).研究组患者的治疗总有效率(98%)明显优于对照组(74%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:对眼科手术后干眼症患者在常规治疗基础上给予双氯芬酸钠眼液联合玻璃酸钠眼液治疗可以有效缓解患者干眼的临床症状,减少角膜荧光染色情况,增加泪膜破裂时间及泪液分泌量.     

环孢霉素A滴眼剂治疗角膜移植排斥反应

应用０．５％环孢霉素Ａ滴眼剂治疗穿透性角膜移植术后免疫排斥患者１５例（１５眼），愈８例，好转６例，无效１例。随防５～２４个月，２例因停药复发，一例于拆线后复发，继续用药或增加用药后治愈。研究表明０．５％环孢霉素Ａ滴眼剂治疗术前移植床条件较好，角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥的患者可得到良好的效果，而对术前移植床条件较差，角膜移植术后发生免疫排斥的患者有一定的疗效。对眼局部应用环孢霉素Ａ滴眼治疗角膜移植排斥     

The impact of cataract surgery on depression among older adults

CONTEXT Aged-related cataract is the leading cause of vision impairment in the elderly. Elderly individuals with cataract not only suffer from the difficulties in daily activities, but also are more prone to depression. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of cataract surgery on depression among older adults. DESIGN Longitudinal follow-up study. SETTING Outpatient ophthalmology and optometry clinics in Birmingham, Alabama. PATIENTS Potential subjects were identified through consecutive chart review of patients seen in 10 ophthalmology and 2 optometry clinics. Three groups of individuals were identified: cataract patients who underwent surgery, cataract patients who did not undergo surgery, and patients without cataract. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). RESULTS There was no significant difference between the baseline and follow-up CES-D scores within each group. The unadjusted CES-D score changes did not differ significantly among the three groups. Adjustment for visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in the better and worse eyes, co-morbid conditions, age, gender, and education did not alter this pattern of results. CONCLUSIONS Cataract surgery does not appear to have an effect on reducing depressive symptoms in elderly people.