桂枝甘草汤方药半仿生提取醇沉法最佳醇沉浓度的优选

目的优选桂枝甘草汤方药半仿生提取醇沉（SBAE）法最佳醇沉浓度。方法用优选的最佳半仿生提取工艺,最佳组合方式混煎制备提取液,对提取液分别作甘草次酸、肉桂酸、总黄酮、干浸膏的含量测定,优选最佳醇沉浓度。结果醇沉浓度为70％的SBAE液综合评价,值明显高于其他醇沉浓度的SBAE液。结论桂枝甘草汤SBAE法的醇沉浓度以70％为佳。     

基于多评价指标的萎胃宁浓缩丸提取工艺研究

目的优选萎胃宁浓缩丸制剂的最佳提取工艺。方法以芍药苷提取量、正丁醇浸出物、乙酸乙酯浸出物为指标,采用均匀设计法筛选最佳提取工艺。结果乙醇浓度60％,提取次数2次,溶剂用量16倍,每次提取时间65min为最佳提取工艺。结论所得提取工艺稳定性好,可用于萎胃宁浓缩丸的制备。     

HPLC CAD联用于三七药材皂苷类成分提取工艺优化

目的:优选三七药材中皂苷类成分的提取工艺.方法:以三七皂苷R_1、人参皂苷Rg_1,Re,Rb_1,Rg_2,Rh_1和Rd的峰面积为指标,采用HPLC-CAD检测,对药材提取过程中粉碎粒度、提取溶剂、提取方法以及浸泡时间4个影响因素进行单因素考察,并对不同的浓度的甲醇、提取时间、提取次数以及提取溶剂用量进行L_9(3~4)正交试验设计分析.结果:三七药材的最优化提取工艺为,药材粉碎后过80目筛,室温浸泡0.5 h后,甲醇回流提取1次,提取时间为1.5 h,溶剂用量为每克20 mL.结论:优选的提取工艺操作简便、三七总皂苷提取率高,为三七皂苷提取工艺的进一步优化提供基础数据.     

毛蚶提取物对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:观察毛蚶提取物对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:建立小鼠S180肿瘤模型,将实验分为生理盐水组、不同剂量毛蚶提取物组,观察肿瘤生长情况;通过荷瘤小鼠免疫器官指数测定、小鼠巨噬细胞功能的测定初步评价毛蚶提取物对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。结论:毛蚶提取物能抑制小鼠S180肉瘤生长,可能与其刺激机体免疫器官,增加巨噬细胞吞噬功能有关。     

Fetal injury associated with routine vacuum use during cesarean delivery

The use of a vacuum device as a routine procedure at the time of repeat cesarean delivery was associated with major fetal intracranial hemorrhage. In the absence of clear evidence of benefit, the routine use of vacuum extraction at the time of cesarean delivery is not justified, given its potential for serious fetal injury.     

Identification of Fenton-like active Cu sites by heteroatom modulation of electronic density

Developing heterogeneous catalysts with atomically dispersed active sites is vital to boost peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for Fenton-like activity, but how to controllably adjust the electronic configuration of metal centers to further improve the activation kinetics still remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a systematic investigation into heteroatom-doped engineering for tuning the electronic structure of Cu-N₄ sites by integrating electron-deficient boron (B) or electron-rich phosphorus (P) heteroatoms into carbon substrate for PMS activation. The electron-depleted Cu-N₄/C-B is found to exhibit the most active oxidation capacity among the prepared Cu-N₄ single-atom catalysts, which is at the top rankings of the Cu-based catalysts and is superior to most of the state-of-the-art heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts. Conversely, the electron-enriched Cu-N₄/C-P induces a decrease in PMS activation. Both experimental results and theoretical simulations unravel that the long-range interaction with B atoms decreases the electronic density of Cu active sites and down-shifts the d-band center, and thereby optimizes the adsorption energy for PMS activation. This study provides an approach to finely control the electronic structure of Cu-N₄ sites at the atomic level and is expected to guide the design of smart Fenton-like catalysts.

The Fenton-like process presents one of the most powerful water treatment technologies to tackle persistent organic pollutants resulting from rapid economic development and unsustainable industrial and agricultural expansion (1 –4). The peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation process has attracted extensive attention due to its high efficiency at a wide pH range and ease of transport and storage (5 –7). However, the sluggish kinetics of PMS activation during oxidation processes results in prohibitive costs and substantial chemical inputs (8, 9). Therefore, developing efficient catalysts to accelerate the reaction kinetics of PMS is crucial toward efficient catalytic oxidation of recalcitrant organics. Although homogeneous first-row transition metals (Co²⁺, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Mn²⁺) generally exhibit remarkable capabilities for PMS activation, they also suffer problems such as poor recyclability and accumulation of sludge (10 –12). Comparatively, heterogeneous catalysts [e.g., transition metal oxides (13, 14), supported nanoparticles (NPs) (15, 16), and carbon-based materials (17, 18)] can be readily recovered and regenerated and are recognized as promising candidates for PMS activation. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of NPs results in lower utilization efficiency of surface atoms (with 81.6% atoms buried and unavailable for 6-nm nickel NPs) and generally slower reaction kinetics than their homogeneous counterparts (19).Single-atom catalysts (SACs) featuring utmost atom-utilization efficiency and tunable electronic structure can break the limitations of heterogeneous catalysts in terms of the kinetics and catalytic activity (20, 21). Thus, SACs show a great potential to address the slow reaction kinetics of PMS for the Fenton-like process via maximizing the number of catalytic sites (22). For instance, a single-site Fe catalyst exhibited much faster reaction kinetics toward the degradation of phenol than the Fe NP catalyst, owing to the maximized atomic utilization (23). In addition, the synergetic effect between the atomic center and pyrrolic N site of supports endowed Co SACs with dual reaction sites and high activity for PMS-based oxidation (24). To further accelerate the reaction kinetics of PMS, various strategies have been developed to improve the intrinsic activity of single atomic sites. By controlling the configurations of single atomic sites, PMS was more favorable for adsorption and activation on the CoN_2 + 2 site than the CoN₄ site (25). Previous work shows that manipulating the electronic structure of single sites plays an essential role in mediating the intrinsic activity (26, 27). It is highly desirable to gain insights into tuning the electronic structure of single-atom sites to achieve superior PMS activation kinetics.Recent studies demonstrate that the electronic structure of isolated metal sites can be directly modulated by altering the coordinated atom species of the metal centers, favorable for expediting catalytic activity (28, 29). Notably, controlling the long-range interactions with suitable functionalities on the substrate of SACs can be a promising approach for tuning the electronic structure of metal centers (30). Indeed, the kinetic activity of single atomic sites was successfully tuned by the introduction of electron-withdrawing oxidized S groups or electron-donating thiophene-like S species into carbon supports of SACs (31). To this end, nonmetallic heteroatoms offer a substantial potential to serve as electron-withdrawing/donating functionalities on the carbon plane by chemical substitution (32, 33). Specifically, boron (B) with a vacant 2p_z orbital conjugating with the carbon π system extracts the electrons, while phosphorus (P) with a readily available lone electron pair and low electronegativity is expected to donate electron in graphene (34, 35). With this strategy, incorporating particular heteroatoms (B/P) into the substrate is a possible route to deplete/enrich the electronic density of metal centers, tuning the electronic structure of single sites to promote PMS activation kinetics.In this work, we designed a versatile strategy to systematically tune the electronic structure of Cu-N₄ sites by integrating specific heteroatoms (B/P) into N-doped carbon substrates of Cu SACs. Subsequently, the effect of the controlled electronic features of Cu centers on facilitating PMS reaction kinetics was explored. Here, the heteroatom modified Cu-N₄ catalysts were first prepared by using a hydrogen-bonding-assisted pyrolysis approach. Synchrotron X-ray adsorption spectroscopy and the projected density of states (PDOS) analysis verified the successful regulation of the electronic configuration of the Cu-N₄ SACs by different heteroatom functionalities. Furthermore, electron paramagnetic resonance and Raman spectra were employed to elucidate the PMS activation mechanism in the Cu-N₄/C-B/PMS system. This study opens an avenue to regulating the electronic structures of single active site of SACs to accelerate PMS activation kinetics for pollutant degradation.     

Sustainable Alkaline Hydrolysis of Polyester Fabric at Low Temperature

High crystallinity leads to low hydrophilicity of fabric made of (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) fibers (PET) causing problems in finishing, washing, and dyeing processes. To improve these properties, the surface of PET fibers is usually modified by hydrolysis. Alkaline hydrolysis is a conventional process usually performed at a temperature higher than 100 °C for more than 1 h. However, the use of strong alkali and high processing temperatures (>100 °C) can lead to fabric damage and a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, in this paper, the possibility of hydrolysis of the PET fibers in the fabric in a sustainable, energy-efficient process was researched. The influence of low temperature (60–100 °C) and an accelerator (a cationic surfactant HDTMAC) to PET alkaline hydrolysis was studied through weight loss, the loss in breaking force, and fiber morphology. The kinetics of PET dissolution in 1.5 mol cm⁻³ NaOH at low temperature with and without the addition of HDTMAC was determined and the activation energy was calculated according to the theoretical model. It has been confirmed that PET hydrolysis can be carried out in 1.5 mol cm⁻³ NaOH with the addition of HDTMAC as an accelerator at 80 °C for 10 min. This process is more economically and energetically acceptable than the conventional process, and is therefore more sustainable.     

Multi-Parameter Characteristics of Electric Arc Furnace Melting

The article presents the results of analyses of numerical modelling of selected factors in electric arc furnace melts. The aim of the study was to optimise the melting process in an electric arc furnace using statistical-thermodynamic modelling based on, among other things, multiple linear regression (MLR). The article presents tools and methods which make it possible to identify the most significant indicators of the process carried out on the analysed unit from the point of view of improvement. The article presents the characteristics of the process and creation of the MLR model and, by applying its numerical analyses and results of calculations and simulations for selected variables and indicator, identifying the operation of a selected furnace. Developed model to demand of electric energy identification was used for calculations of energy balances, the distribution of the energy used in the furnace was presented.     

基于MRI、CT图像HIFU治疗靶区自动勾画的研究

目的以MRI等图像为基础,进行HIFU治疗靶区的自动勾画研究,其勾画精确度希望达到1mm以内,为以后的三维成像、HIFU治疗精确控制提供依据,为完整的HIFU治疗计划系统的基础。方法以MRI等原始图像为基础,利用相关的计算机识别技术对靶区组织进行自动识别、勾画,采用点、面结合的组合图像处理技术方案,应用了包括图像分割阈值获取、多项分割技术的联合应用、组织结构提取等方法的原理与具体算法。结果通过试验发现,此技术方案能够对边界相对不模糊的医学图像(MRI、CT等),比较快速、准确的勾画出目标靶区的效果。结论此方案能够比较准确识别诸如MRI类图像中的指定组织结构,能够比较快速、准确的勾画其边界,在HIFU、放射等医学治疗中有助于精确定位,有助于减少并发症发生率及对重要组织结构的保护。     

小切口白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入联合青光眼小梁切除术治疗白内障合并青光眼的临床疗效观察

目的探讨小切口白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗白内障合并青光眼的临床疗效。方法随机选取武警辽宁总队大连医院2010年4月至2012年2月收治的白内障合并青光眼患者152例,随机分为两组:其中76例共85眼采用小切口白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入联合青光眼小梁切除术治疗(观察组),另外76例共86眼采用常规手术治疗(对照组),总结分析两组患者的恢复情况。结果观察组患者术后1、4、12周时视力良好率分别为91.8%、85.9%、75.3%,优于对照组患者术后同期视力良好率,分别为76.7%、66.3%、54.7%,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);且观察组并发症发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论小切口白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入联合青光眼小梁切除术治疗白内障合并青光眼的治疗效果显著优于常规治疗方案,值得临床借鉴推广。